R ggplot2 geom_linerange 垂直间隔：线、横线和误差线

geom_crossbar(
  mapping = NULL,
  data = NULL,
  stat = "identity",
  position = "identity",
  ...,
  fatten = 2.5,
  na.rm = FALSE,
  orientation = NA,
  show.legend = NA,
  inherit.aes = TRUE
)

geom_errorbar(
  mapping = NULL,
  data = NULL,
  stat = "identity",
  position = "identity",
  ...,
  na.rm = FALSE,
  orientation = NA,
  show.legend = NA,
  inherit.aes = TRUE
)

geom_linerange(
  mapping = NULL,
  data = NULL,
  stat = "identity",
  position = "identity",
  ...,
  na.rm = FALSE,
  orientation = NA,
  show.legend = NA,
  inherit.aes = TRUE
)

geom_pointrange(
  mapping = NULL,
  data = NULL,
  stat = "identity",
  position = "identity",
  ...,
  fatten = 4,
  na.rm = FALSE,
  orientation = NA,
  show.legend = NA,
  inherit.aes = TRUE
)

stat_summary() 用于这些家伙的使用示例，geom_smooth() 用于连续模拟，geom_errorbarh() 用于水平误差条。

# Create a simple example dataset
df <- data.frame(
  trt = factor(c(1, 1, 2, 2)),
  resp = c(1, 5, 3, 4),
  group = factor(c(1, 2, 1, 2)),
  upper = c(1.1, 5.3, 3.3, 4.2),
  lower = c(0.8, 4.6, 2.4, 3.6)
)

p <- ggplot(df, aes(trt, resp, colour = group))
p + geom_linerange(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper))

p + geom_pointrange(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper))

p + geom_crossbar(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper), width = 0.2)

p + geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper), width = 0.2)


# Flip the orientation by changing mapping
ggplot(df, aes(resp, trt, colour = group)) +
  geom_linerange(aes(xmin = lower, xmax = upper))


# Draw lines connecting group means
p +
  geom_line(aes(group = group)) +
  geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper), width = 0.2)


# If you want to dodge bars and errorbars, you need to manually
# specify the dodge width
p <- ggplot(df, aes(trt, resp, fill = group))
p +
 geom_col(position = "dodge") +
 geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper), position = "dodge", width = 0.25)


# Because the bars and errorbars have different widths
# we need to specify how wide the objects we are dodging are
dodge <- position_dodge(width=0.9)
p +
  geom_col(position = dodge) +
  geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper), position = dodge, width = 0.25)


# When using geom_errorbar() with position_dodge2(), extra padding will be
# needed between the error bars to keep them aligned with the bars.
p +
geom_col(position = "dodge2") +
geom_errorbar(
  aes(ymin = lower, ymax = upper),
  position = position_dodge2(width = 0.5, padding = 0.5)
)