R symnum 符號數字編碼

說明

對給定的數值或邏輯向量或數組進行符號編碼。對於結構化矩陣(例如相關矩陣、稀疏矩陣或邏輯矩陣)的可視化特別有用。

用法

symnum(x, cutpoints = c(0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95),
       symbols = if(numeric.x) c(" ", ".", ",", "+", "*", "B")
                 else c(".", "|"),
       legend = length(symbols) >= 3,
       na = "?", eps = 1e-5, numeric.x = is.numeric(x),
       corr = missing(cutpoints) && numeric.x,
       show.max = if(corr) "1", show.min = NULL,
       abbr.colnames = has.colnames,
       lower.triangular = corr && is.numeric(x) && is.matrix(x),
       diag.lower.tri   = corr && !is.null(show.max))

參數

值

類 noquote 的原子字符對象，其維度與 x 相同。

如果 legend 是 TRUE(默認情況下，當有兩個以上的類時)，結果具有屬性 "legend"，其中包含返回的字符代碼的圖例，格式為

其中 c_j = cutpoints[j] 和 s_j = symbols[j] 。

注意

可選(主要是邏輯)參數都嘗試使用智能默認值。在許多情況下，明確指定它們可能會顯著改善輸出。

例子

ii <- setNames(0:8, 0:8)
symnum(ii, cutpoints =  2*(0:4), symbols = c(".", "-", "+", "$"))
symnum(ii, cutpoints =  2*(0:4), symbols = c(".", "-", "+", "$"), show.max = TRUE)

symnum(1:12 %% 3 == 0)  # --> "|" = TRUE, "." = FALSE  for logical

## Pascal's Triangle modulo 2 -- odd and even numbers:
N <- 38
pascal <- t(sapply(0:N, function(n) round(choose(n, 0:N - (N-n)%/%2))))
rownames(pascal) <- rep("", 1+N) # <-- to improve "graphic"
symnum(pascal %% 2, symbols = c(" ", "A"), numeric.x = FALSE)

##-- Symbolic correlation matrices:
symnum(cor(attitude), diag.lower.tri = FALSE)
symnum(cor(attitude), abbr.colnames = NULL)
symnum(cor(attitude), abbr.colnames = FALSE)
symnum(cor(attitude), abbr.colnames = 2)

symnum(cor(rbind(1, rnorm(25), rnorm(25)^2)))
symnum(cor(matrix(rexp(30, 1), 5, 18))) # <<-- PATTERN ! --
symnum(cm1 <- cor(matrix(rnorm(90) ,  5, 18))) # < White Noise SMALL n
symnum(cm1, diag.lower.tri = FALSE)
symnum(cm2 <- cor(matrix(rnorm(900), 50, 18))) # < White Noise "BIG" n
symnum(cm2, lower.triangular = FALSE)

## NA's:
Cm <- cor(matrix(rnorm(60),  10, 6)); Cm[c(3,6), 2] <- NA
symnum(Cm, show.max = NULL)

## Graphical P-values (aka "significance stars"):
pval <- rev(sort(c(outer(1:6, 10^-(1:3)))))
symp <- symnum(pval, corr = FALSE,
               cutpoints = c(0,  .001,.01,.05, .1, 1),
               symbols = c("***","**","*","."," "))
noquote(cbind(P.val = format(pval), Signif = symp))

作者

Martin Maechler maechler@stat.math.ethz.ch

也可以看看

as.character; image