R histogram 直方图和核密度图

说明

绘制直方图和核密度图，可能以其他变量为条件。

用法

histogram(x, data, ...)
densityplot(x, data, ...)
## S3 method for class 'formula'
histogram(x,
          data,
          allow.multiple, outer = TRUE,
          auto.key = lattice.getOption("default.args")$auto.key,
          aspect = "fill",
          panel = lattice.getOption("panel.histogram"),
          prepanel, scales, strip, groups,
          xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim,
          type = c("percent", "count", "density"),
          nint = if (is.factor(x)) nlevels(x)
          else round(log2(length(x)) + 1),
          endpoints = extend.limits(range(as.numeric(x),
                          finite = TRUE), prop = 0.04),
          breaks,
          equal.widths = TRUE,
          drop.unused.levels =
              lattice.getOption("drop.unused.levels"),
          ...,
          lattice.options = NULL,
          default.scales = list(),
          default.prepanel =
              lattice.getOption("prepanel.default.histogram"),
          subscripts,
          subset)

## S3 method for class 'numeric'
histogram(x, data = NULL, xlab, ...)
## S3 method for class 'factor'
histogram(x, data = NULL, xlab, ...)

## S3 method for class 'formula'
densityplot(x,
            data,
            allow.multiple = is.null(groups) || outer,
            outer = !is.null(groups),
            auto.key = lattice.getOption("default.args")$auto.key,
            aspect = "fill",
            panel = lattice.getOption("panel.densityplot"),
            prepanel, scales, strip, groups, weights,
            xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim,
            bw, adjust, kernel, window, width, give.Rkern,
            n = 512, from, to, cut, na.rm,
            drop.unused.levels =
                lattice.getOption("drop.unused.levels"),
            ...,
            lattice.options = NULL,
            default.scales = list(),
            default.prepanel =
                lattice.getOption("prepanel.default.densityplot"),
            subscripts,
            subset)
## S3 method for class 'numeric'
densityplot(x, data = NULL, xlab, ...)

do.breaks(endpoints, nint)

参数

      breaks = seq_len(1 + nlevels(x)) - 0.5
    

      breaks = do.breaks(endpoints, nint)
    

细节

histogram 绘制条件直方图，densityplot 绘制条件核密度图。默认面板函数使用density函数来计算密度估计，并且density接受的所有参数都可以在对densityplot的调用中指定以控制输出。有关详细信息，请参阅density 的文档。

这些和所有其他高级网格函数有几个共同的参数。这些仅在 xyplot 的帮助页面中进行了大量记录，应查阅该页面以了解更详细的用法。

do.breaks 是一个实用程序函数，它计算给定间隔和要分解的块数的断点。

值

类 "trellis" 的对象。 update 方法可用于更新对象的组件，print 方法(通常默认调用)会将其绘制在适当的绘图设备上。

注意

默认面板函数panel.histogram 接受的参数形式与S-PLUS 不同。 S-PLUS 计算 histogram 内部的高度并仅将断点和高度传递给面板函数，而 lattice 只是将原始变量 x 与断点一起传递。这种方式比较灵活；请参阅下面的示例，其中估计密度叠加在直方图上。

例子

require(stats)
histogram( ~ height | voice.part, data = singer, nint = 17,
          endpoints = c(59.5, 76.5), layout = c(2,4), aspect = 1,
          xlab = "Height (inches)")

histogram( ~ height | voice.part, data = singer,
          xlab = "Height (inches)", type = "density",
          panel = function(x, ...) {
              panel.histogram(x, ...)
              panel.mathdensity(dmath = dnorm, col = "black",
                                args = list(mean=mean(x),sd=sd(x)))
          } )

densityplot( ~ height | voice.part, data = singer, layout = c(2, 4),  
            xlab = "Height (inches)", bw = 5)

作者

Deepayan Sarkar Deepayan.Sarkar@R-project.org

参考

Sarkar, Deepayan (2008) Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with R, Springer. http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/

也可以看看

xyplot , panel.histogram , density , panel.densityplot , panel.mathdensity , Lattice