Python spwd用法及代碼示例

spwd module在Python中提供了對Unix 影子密碼數據庫。數據庫中存儲的條目是類似元組的對象，其屬性類似於元組的成員結構式定義於<shadow.h>頭文件.

以下是類元組對象的屬性，它表示存儲在 Unix 影子密碼數據庫中的條目：

index	屬性	意義
0	sp_namp	登錄名
1	sp_pwdp	加密密碼
2	sp_lstchg	最後更改日期
3	sp_min	更改之間的最短天數
4	sp_max	更改之間的最大天數
5	sp_warn	密碼過期前警告用戶的天數
6	sp_inact	密碼過期後到帳戶被禁用的天數
7	sp_expire	自 1970-01-01 帳戶到期以來的天數
8	sp_flag	Reserved

Python中的spwd module定義了以下兩個方法：

spwd.getspnam() method
spwd.getspall() method

注意： spwd模塊是 UNIX 特定的服務。因此，該模塊的所有方法僅在 UNIX 版本上可用。

spwd.getspnam()方法-

spwd.getspnam()Python 中的方法用於獲取存儲在 Unix 影子密碼數據庫中的指定用戶名的條目。
此方法要求用戶有足夠的權限來訪問影子密碼數據庫。PermissionError如果用戶沒有足夠的權限，則會引發異常。

用法： spwd.getspnam(name)

參數：
name:表示需要影子密碼數據庫條目的用戶名的字符串值。

返回類型：此方法返回“spwd.struct_spwd”類的類似元組的對象，它表示與指定用戶名關聯的影子密碼數據庫條目。

代碼:用於 spwd.getspnam()方法


# Python program to explain spwd.getspnam() method 
    
# importing spwd module  
import spwd 
  
# User name 
name = "ihritik"
  
# Get the shadow password 
# database entry for the 
# specified user name 
# using spwd.getspnam() method 
entry = spwd.getspnam(name) 
  
# Print the retrieved entry 
print("Shadow password database entry for the user name '%s':" %name) 
print(entry) 
  
# User name 
name = "root"
  
# Get the shadow password 
# database entry for the 
# specified user name 
# using spwd.getspnam() method 
entry = spwd.getspnam(name) 
  
# Print the retrieved entry 
print("\nShadow password database entry for the user name '%s':" %name) 
print(entry)

輸出：
os.getspnam() method output

spwd.getspall()方法-

Python 中的 spwd.getspall() 方法用於獲取影子密碼數據庫中存儲的所有可用條目。此方法還要求用戶有足夠的權限來訪問影子密碼數據庫。

用法： spwd.getspall()

參數：不需要參數。

返回類型：此方法返回“spwd.struct_spwd”類的類元組對象列表，其元素表示影子密碼數據庫條目。

代碼:用於spwd.getspall()方法


# Python program to explain spwd.getspall() method 
    
# importing spwd module  
import spwd 
  
# Get the all available  
# shadow password database entries 
# using spwd.getspall() method 
entries = spwd.getspall() 
  
  
# Print the retrieved entries 
print("Shadow password database entries:") 
for row in entries: 
    print(row)

輸出：

Shadow password database entries:
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’root’, sp_pwdp=’!’, sp_lstchg=17677, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’daemon’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’bin’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’sys’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’sync’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’games’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’man’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’lp’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’mail’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’news’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’uucp’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’proxy’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’www-data’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’backup’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’list’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’irc’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’gnats’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’nobody’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-timesync’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-network’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-resolve’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-bus-proxy’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’syslog’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’messagebus’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’_apt’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’uuidd’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’rtkit’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’avahi-autoipd’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’usbmux’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’dnsmasq’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’whoopsie’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’kernoops’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’speech-dispatcher’, sp_pwdp=’!’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’avahi’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’saned’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’pulse’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’colord’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’hplip’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’geoclue’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’gdm’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’ihritik’, sp_pwdp=’$6$xOnnKlQr$yiKkE4XS1zT9mUj9NARHUTLZ8ibWurTx4pjQYOC58YHGGGBWTI3GIFKU4RUWC99JmPZIsfSlSvtm1GAyJL1G41′, sp_lstchg=17677, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’sshd’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17692, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’master’, sp_pwdp=’$6$oMUtyit0$zCrJ3K5XEWEhqclJW.rsL9SP3zWHkLhT8rQ75fhJ4P6zZlhF3aOfymQT8A/VRqkJrutWCuWXvaekMUP/IIgFG1′, sp_lstchg=17972, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)

相關用法

注：本文由純淨天空篩選整理自ihritik大神的英文原創作品 spwd module in Python。非經特殊聲明，原始代碼版權歸原作者所有，本譯文未經允許或授權，請勿轉載或複製。