Python中的Shutil模塊提供了許多對文件和文件集合進行高級操作的函數。它屬於Python的標準實用程序模塊。此模塊有助於自動執行文件和目錄的複製和刪除過程。
shutil.copyfile()
Python中的方法用於將源文件的內容複製到目標文件。文件的元數據未複製。源和目標必須代表一個文件,並且目標必須是可寫的。如果目標已經存在,則將其替換為源文件,否則將創建一個新文件。如果源和目標表示相同的文件,則將引發SameFileError異常。
用法: shutil.copyfile(source, destination, *, follow_symlinks = True)
參數:
source:代表源文件路徑的字符串。
destination:代表目標文件路徑的字符串。
follow_symlinks(可選):此參數的默認值為True。如果為False且source表示符號鏈接,則將創建一個新的符號鏈接,而不是複製文件。
Note:參數列表中的“ *”表示以下所有參數(此處為“ follow_symlinks”)僅是關鍵字參數,可以使用其名稱(而不是位置參數)來提供。
返回類型:此方法返回一個表示新創建文件路徑的字符串。
代碼1:使用shutil.copyfile()方法將文件從源複製到目標
# Python program to explain shutil.copyfile() method
# importing os module
import os
# importing shutil module
import shutil
# path
path = '/home/User/Documents'
# List files and directories
# in '/home/User/Documents'
print("Before copying file:")
print(os.listdir(path))
# Source path
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
# Destination path
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file(copy).txt"
# Copy the content of
# source to destination
dest = shutil.copyfile(source, destination)
# List files and directories
# in "/home / User / Documents"
print("After copying file:")
print(os.listdir(path))
# Print path of newly
# created file
print("Destination path:", dest)
輸出:
Before copying file: ['hrithik.png', 'test.py', 'sample.txt', 'file.text', 'copy.cpp'] After copying file: ['hrithik.png', 'test.py', 'sample.txt', 'file.text', 'file(copy).txt', 'copy.cpp'] Destination path: /home/User/Documents/file(copy).txt
代碼2:使用shutil.copyfile()方法時可能出現的錯誤
# Python program to explain shutil.copyfile() method
# importing shutil module
import shutil
# If the source and destination
# represents the same file
# 'SameFileError' exception
# will be raised
# If the destination is
# is directory then
# 'IsADirectoryError' exception
# will be raised
# If the destination is
# not writable
# 'PermissionError' exception
# will be raised
# Source path
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
# Destination path
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
# Copy the content of
# source to destination
shutil.copyfile(source, destintion)
輸出:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "copy.py", line 31, in shutil.copyfile(source, destination) File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 104, in copyfile raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst)) shutil.SameFileError: '/home/User/Documents/file.txt' and '/home/User/Documents/file.txt' are the same file
代碼3:使用Shutil.copyfile()方法處理錯誤
# Python program to explain shutil.copyfile() method
# importing shutil module
import shutil
# Source path
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
# Destination path
destination = "/home/User/Documents"
# Copy the content of
# source to destination
try:
shutil.copyfile(source, destination)
print("File copied successfully.")
# If source and destination are same
except shutil.SameFileError:
print("Source and destination represents the same file.")
# If destination is a directory.
except IsADirectoryError:
print("Destination is a directory.")
# If there is any permission issue
except PermissionError:
print("Permission denied.")
# For other errors
except:
print("Error occurred while copying file.")
輸出:
Destination is a directory.
參考: https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html
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