Python shutil.copy()用法及代碼示例

Python中的Shutil模塊提供了許多對文件和文件集合進行高級操作的函數。它屬於Python的標準實用程序模塊。此模塊有助於自動執行文件和目錄的複製和刪除過程。

shutil.copy()Python中的方法用於將源文件的內容複製到目標文件或目錄。它還會保留文件的權限模式，但不會保留文件的其他元數據(例如文件的創建和修改時間)。源必須代表文件，但目標可以是文件或目錄。如果目標是目錄，則文件將使用源中的基本文件名複製到目標中。另外，目的地必須是可寫的。如果目標是文件並且已經存在，則將其替換為源文件，否則將創建一個新文件。

用法： shutil.copy(source, destination, *, follow_symlinks = True)

參數：
source：代表源文件路徑的字符串。
destination：代表目標文件或目錄路徑的字符串。
follow_symlinks(可選)：此參數的默認值為True。如果為False，並且source表示符號鏈接，則目標將創建為符號鏈接。

Note:參數列表中的“ *”表示以下所有參數(此處為“ follow_symlinks”)僅是關鍵字參數，可以使用其名稱(而不是位置參數)來提供。

返回類型：此方法返回一個表示新創建文件路徑的字符串。

代碼1：使用shutil.copy()方法將文件從源複製到目標

# Python program to explain shutil.copy() method  
    
# importing os module  
import os 
  
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
# path 
path = '/home/User/Documents'
  
# List files and directories 
# in '/home/User/Documents' 
print("Before copying file:") 
print(os.listdir(path)) 
  
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Print file permission 
# of the source 
perm = os.stat(source).st_mode 
print("File Permission mode:", perm, "\n") 
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file(copy).txt"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
dest = shutil.copy(source, destination) 
  
# List files and directories 
# in "/home / User / Documents" 
print("After copying file:") 
print(os.listdir(path)) 
  
# Print file permission 
# of the destination 
perm = os.stat(destination).st_mode 
print("File Permission mode:", perm) 
  
# Print path of newly  
# created file 
print("Destination path:", dest)

輸出：

Before copying file:
['hrithik.png', 'test.py', 'sample.txt', 'file.text', 'copy.cpp']
File permission mode: 33188

After copying file:
['hrithik.png', 'test.py', 'sample.txt', 'file.text', 'file(copy).txt', 'copy.cpp']
File permission mode: 33188 
Destination path: /home/User/Documents/file(copy).txt

代碼2：如果目的地是目錄

# Python program to explain shutil.copy() method  
    
# importing os module  
import os 
  
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Desktop/"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
dest = shutil.copy(source, destination) 
  
# List files and directories 
# in "/home / User / Desktop" 
print("After copying file:") 
print(os.listdir(destination)) 
  
# Print path of newly  
# created file 
print("Destination path:", dest)

輸出：

After copying file:
['input.txt', 'GeeksForGeeks', 'output.txt', 'file.txt', 'web.py', 'tree.cpp']
Destination path: /home/User/Desktop/file.txt

代碼3：使用shutil.copy()方法時可能出現的錯誤

# Python program to explain shutil.copy() method  
    
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
  
# If the source and destination 
# represents the same file 
# 'SameFileError' exception 
# will be raised 
  
# If the destination is 
# not writable 
# 'PermissionError' exception 
# will be raised 
  
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
shutil.copy(source, destintion)

輸出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "try.py", line 26, in 
    dest = shutil.copy(source, destination)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 241, in copy
    copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 104, in copyfile
    raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst))
shutil.SameFileError: '/home/User/Desktop/file.txt' and  '/home/User/Desktop/file.txt'
are the same file

代碼4：使用Shutil.copy()方法處理錯誤

# Python program to explain shutil.copy() method  
    
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
  
try: 
    shutil.copy(source, destination) 
    print("File copied successfully.") 
  
# If source and destination are same 
except shutil.SameFileError: 
    print("Source and destination represents the same file.") 
  
# If there is any permission issue 
except PermissionError: 
    print("Permission denied.") 
  
# For other errors 
except: 
    print("Error occurred while copying file.")

輸出：

Source and destination represents the same file.

參考： https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html

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