R axis.POSIXct 日期和日期时间绘图函数

说明

用于绘制表示日历日期和时间的 "POSIXlt" 、 "POSIXct" 和 "Date" 类对象的函数。

用法

axis.POSIXct(side, x, at, format, labels = TRUE, ...)
axis.Date(side, x, at, format, labels = TRUE, ...)

参数

x , at	日期时间或日期对象，或可以适当转换的其他类型的对象。
side	请参阅axis。
format	请参阅strptime。如果丢失，可以通过查看参数 at 及其粒度来猜测适当的格式。
labels	指定是否要在刻度线处进行注释的逻辑值，或者要放置在刻度点处的字符串向量。
...	从其他方法传递或向其他方法传递的更多参数，通常是 graphical parameters 。

细节

axis.POSIXct 和 axis.Date 工作相当努力(从 R-4.3.0 通过使用 pretty for DateTimeClasses )来选择合适的时间单位(年、月、日、小时、分钟或秒)和合理的输出格式，但这可以通过提供 format 规范来覆盖。

如果提供at，则指定刻度和标签的位置，而如果指定x，则选择合适的标签网格。可以使用 labels = FALSE 抑制刻度标签的打印。

"POSIXct" 输入的 date-times 在 "tzone" 属性给出的时区(如果有)中解释，否则在当前时区中解释。

date-times 的呈现方式(尤其是月份名称)由类别 "LC_TIME" 的区域设置控制(请参阅 Sys.setlocale )。

值

轴刻度上绘制刻度线的位置。

例子

with(beaver1, {
    opar <- par(mfrow = c(2,1))
    time <- strptime(paste(1990, day, time %/% 100, time %% 100),
                     "%Y %j %H %M")
    plot(time, temp, type = "l") # axis at 5-hour intervals.
    # now label every hour on the time axis
    plot(time, temp, type = "l", xaxt = "n")
    r <- as.POSIXct(round(range(time), "hours"))
    axis.POSIXct(1, at = seq(r[1], r[2], by = "hour"), format = "%H")
    par(opar) # reset changed par settings
})

plot(.leap.seconds, seq_along(.leap.seconds), type = "n", yaxt = "n",
     xlab = "leap seconds", ylab = "", bty = "n")
rug(.leap.seconds)
## or as dates
lps <- as.Date(.leap.seconds)
plot(lps, seq_along(.leap.seconds),
     type = "n", yaxt = "n", xlab = "leap seconds",
     ylab = "", bty = "n")
rug(lps)

## 100 random dates in a 10-week period
random.dates <- as.Date("2001/1/1") + 70*sort(stats::runif(100))
plot(random.dates, 1:100)
# or for a better axis labelling
plot(random.dates, 1:100, xaxt = "n")
axis.Date(1, at = seq(as.Date("2001/1/1"), max(random.dates)+6, "weeks"))
axis.Date(1, at = seq(as.Date("2001/1/1"), max(random.dates)+6, "days"),
     labels = FALSE, tcl = -0.2)

## axis.Date() with various data types:
x <- seq(as.Date("2022-01-20"), as.Date("2023-03-21"), by = "days")
plot(data.frame(x, y = 1), xaxt = "n")
legend("topleft", title = "input",
       legend = c("character", "Date", "POSIXct", "POSIXlt", "numeric"),
       fill = c("violet", "red", "orange", "coral1", "darkgreen"))
axis.Date(1)
axis.Date(3, at = "2022-04-01", col.axis = "violet")
axis.Date(3, at = as.Date("2022-07-01"), col.axis = "red")
axis.Date(3, at = as.POSIXct(as.Date("2022-10-01")), col.axis = "orange")
axis.Date(3, at = as.POSIXlt(as.Date("2023-01-01")), col.axis = "coral1")
axis.Date(3, at = as.integer(as.Date("2023-04-01")), col.axis = "darkgreen")
## automatically extends the format:
axis.Date(1, at = "2022-02-15", col.axis = "violet",
         col = "violet", tck = -0.05, mgp = c(3,2,0))

## axis.POSIXct() with various data types (2 minutes):
x <- as.POSIXct("2022-10-01") + c(0, 60, 120)
attributes(x)   # no timezone
plot(data.frame(x, y = 1), xaxt = "n")
legend("topleft", title = "input",
       legend = c("character", "Date", "POSIXct", "POSIXlt", "numeric"),
       fill = c("violet", "red", "orange", "coral1", "darkgreen"))
axis.POSIXct(1)
axis.POSIXct(3, at = "2022-10-01 00:01", col.axis = "violet")
axis.POSIXct(3, at = as.Date("2022-10-01"), col.axis = "red")
axis.POSIXct(3, at = as.POSIXct("2022-10-01 00:01:30"), col.axis = "orange")
axis.POSIXct(3, at = as.POSIXlt("2022-10-01 00:02"), col.axis = "coral1")
axis.POSIXct(3, at = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2022-10-01 00:00:30")),
                col.axis = "darkgreen")
## automatically extends format (here: subseconds):
axis.POSIXct(3, at = as.numeric(as.POSIXct("2022-10-01 00:00:30")) + 0.25,
                col.axis = "forestgreen", col = "darkgreen", mgp = c(3,2,0))

## axis.POSIXct: 2 time zones
HST <- as.POSIXct("2022-10-01", tz = "HST") + c(0, 60, 60*60)
CET <- HST
attr(CET, "tzone") <- "CET"
plot(data.frame(HST, y = 1), xaxt = "n", xlab = "Hawaii Standard Time (HST)")
axis.POSIXct(1, HST)
axis.POSIXct(1, HST, at = "2022-10-01 00:10", col.axis = "violet")
axis.POSIXct(3, CET)
mtext(3, text = "Central European Time (CET)", line = 3)
axis.POSIXct(3, CET, at="2022-10-01 12:10", col.axis = "violet")

也可以看看

DateTimeClasses、Dates 了解课程详情。

Axis 。