Python os.chown()用法及代码示例

Python中的OS模块提供了与操作系统进行交互的函数。操作系统属于Python的标准实用程序模块。该模块提供了使用依赖于操作系统的函数的便携式方法。

如果文件名和路径无效或无法访问，或者具有正确类型但操作系统不接受的其他参数，则os模块中的所有函数都会引发OSError。

os.chown()Python中的方法用于将指定路径的所有者和组ID更改为指定的数字所有者ID(UID)和组ID(GID)。

注意： os.chown()该方法仅在UNIX平台上可用，并且该方法的函数通常仅对超级用户或特权用户可用。

用法： os.chown(path, uid, gid, *, dir_fd = None, follow_symlinks = True)

参数：
路径：表示要设置其uid和gid的文件的文件描述符
uid：一个整数值，表示要为路径设置的所有者ID。
id：一个整数值，表示要为路径设置的组ID。要使任何一个ID保持不变，请将其设置为-1。
dir_fd(可选)：引用目录的文件描述符。此参数的默认值为“无”。
follow_symlinks(可选)：此参数的默认值为True。如果我们不希望os.chown()方法遵循符号链接，则可以将其设置为False。如果为False，则方法将对符号链接本身进行操作，而不是对链接指向的文件进行操作。

注意：参数列表中的“ *”表示以下所有参数(在本例中为“ dir_fd”和“ follow_symlinks”)均为keyword-only参数，可以使用其名称(而不是位置参数)来提供。

返回类型：此方法不返回任何值。

代码1：os.chown()方法的使用

# Python program to explain os.chown() method  
    
# importing os module  
import os 
  
# File path 
path = "./file.txt"
  
# Print the current owner id 
# and group id of the 
# specified file path 
  
# os.stat() method will return a  
# 'stat_result’ object of 
# ‘os.stat_result’ class whose 
# 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' attributes 
# will represent owner id and group id 
# of the file respectively  
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)  
  
  
# Change the owner id and  
# the group id of the file 
# using os.chown() method 
uid = 2000
gid = 2000
os.chown(path, uid, gid) 
print("\nOwner and group id of the file changed") 
  
   
# Print the owner id 
# and group id of the file 
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)

输出：
os.chown() method terminal output

代码2：使用os.chown()方法设置任何一个ID并保持其他不变

# Python program to explain os.chown() method  
    
# importing os module  
import os 
  
# File 
path = "./file.txt"
  
# Print the current owner id 
# and group id of the file 
  
# os.stat() method will return a  
# 'stat_result’ object of 
# ‘os.stat_result’ class whose 
# 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' attributes 
# will represent owner id and group id 
# of the file respectively  
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)  
  
  
# Change only owner id of  
# the file and leave 
# group id unchanged 
  
# set id as -1 to leave 
# it unchanged 
uid = 3000
gid = -1
os.chown(path, uid, gid) 
print("\nOwner id of the file changed") 
  
  
# Print the owner id 
# and group id of the file 
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)

输出：
os.chown() method terminal output

代码3：如果指定的路径是符号链接

# Python program to explain os.chown() method  
    
# importing os module  
import os 
  
# File path 
path = "./file.txt"
  
# Creating a symlink 
# of the above path   
# using os.symlink() method 
symlink = "./file(symlink).txt"
os.symlink(path, symlink) 
  
  
# Print the current owner id 
# and group id of the file 
# as well as the symlink pointing 
# to the above specified file path  
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)  
  
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid)  
  
# Change the owenership  
# of the symlink pointing  
# to the above file './file.txt' 
uid = 1000
gid = 1000
os.chown(symlink, uid, gid) 
print("\nOwner id and group id changed") 
  
  
# Print the owner id 
# and group id of the file 
# as well as the symlink 
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)  
  
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid) 
  
  
# As os.chown() method 
# follows symlink 
# so, we can change the 
# owner and group id  
# through a symlink  
  
  
# We can modify the follow_symlinks 
# parameter if we do not 
# want os.chown() method to 
# follow symlink 
  
  
# Change the owenership  
# of the symlink pointing  
# to the above file './file.txt' 
uid = 4000
gid = 4000
os.chown(symlink, uid, gid, follow_symlinks = False) 
print("\nOwner id and group id not changed") 
  
  
# Print the owner id 
# and group id of the file 
# as well as the symlink 
# pointing to it 
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)  
  
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid) 
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid)

输出：
os.chown() method terminal output

参考： https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html

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注：本文由纯净天空筛选整理自ihritik大神的英文原创作品 Python | os.chown() method。非经特殊声明，原始代码版权归原作者所有，本译文未经允许或授权，请勿转载或复制。