Python中的OS模块提供了与操作系统进行交互的函数。操作系统属于Python的标准实用程序模块。该模块提供了使用依赖于操作系统的函数的便携式方法。
如果文件名和路径无效或无法访问,或者具有正确类型但操作系统不接受的其他参数,则os模块中的所有函数都会引发OSError。
os.fchown()
Python中的方法用于将与指定文件描述符关联的文件的所有者和组ID更改为指定的数字所有者ID(UID)和组ID(GID)。此方法等效于os.chown(fd, uid, gid)
方法。
注意: os.fchown()
该方法仅在UNIX平台上可用,并且该方法的函数通常仅对超级用户或特权用户可用。
用法: os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)
参数:
fd:表示要设置其uid和gid的文件的文件描述符
uid:一个整数值,表示要为文件设置的所有者ID。
id:一个整数值,表示要为文件设置的组ID。要使任何一个ID保持不变,请将其设置为-1。
返回类型:此方法不返回任何值。
代码1:os.fchown()方法的使用
# Python program to explain os.fchown() method
# importing os module
import os
# File
filename = "file.txt"
# Open the file and get the
# file descriptor associated
# with it using os.open() method
fd = os.open(filename, os.O_RDWR)
# Print the current owner id
# and group id of the file
# os.stat() method will return a
# 'stat_result’ object of
# ‘os.stat_result’ class whose
# 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' attributes
# will represent owner id and group id
# of the file respectively
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_gid)
# Change the owner id and
# the group id of the file
# associated with the file descriptor
# using os.fchown() method
uid = 200
gid = 300
os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)
print("\nOwner and group id of the file changed")
# Print the owner id
# and group id of the file
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_gid)
输出:
代码2:使用os.fchown()方法设置任何一个ID并保持其他不变
# Python program to explain os.fchown() method
# importing os module
import os
# File
filename = "file.txt"
# Open the file and get the
# file descriptor associated
# with it using os.open() method
fd = os.open(filename, os.O_RDWR)
# Print the current owner id
# and group id of the file
# os.stat() method will return a
# 'stat_result’ object of
# ‘os.stat_result’ class whose
# 'st_uid' and 'st_gid' attributes
# will represent owner id and group id
# of the file respectively
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_gid)
# Change only group id of
# the file and leave owner id
# unchanged
# set id as -1 to leave
# it unchanged
uid = -1
gid = 1000
os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)
print("\ngroup id of the file changed")
# Print the owner id
# and group id of the file
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(fd).st_gid)
输出:
代码3:如果指定的路径是符号链接
# Python program to explain os.fchown() method
# importing os module
import os
# File path
path = "./file.txt"
# Creating a symlink
# of the above path
# using os.symlink() method
symlink = "./file(symlink).txt"
os.symlink(path, symlink)
# Open the symlink
# and get the file descriptor
# associated with it using
# os.open() method
fd = os.open(symlink, os.O_RDWR)
# Print the current owner id
# and group id of the file
# as well as the symlink pointing
# to the above specified file path
print("Owner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid)
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid)
# Change the owenership
# of the symlink pointing
# to the above file './file.txt'
uid = 600
gid = 700
os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)
print("\nOwner id and group id changed")
# Print the owner id
# and group id of the file
# as well as the symlink
print("\nOwner id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_uid)
print("Group id of the file:", os.stat(path).st_gid)
print("Owner id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_uid)
print("Group id of the symlink:", os.stat(symlink).st_gid)
# As os.fchown() method
# follows symlink
# so, we can change the
# owner and group id
# through a symlink
输出:
参考: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html
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