C++ 算法 equal_range() 函数是二分查找的版本。该函数用于返回子范围的下界和上界,该子范围包括范围[first, last)中所有等价于val的元素。
其中子范围由两个迭代器定义,一个指向不小于 val 的第一个元素,另一个指向大于 val 的第一个元素。
- 第一个版本使用运算符 < 来比较元素,第二个版本使用给定的比较函数,即 comp。
- 范围 [first, last) 必须根据与 val 的比较进行分区,即它必须满足以下所有条件:
- 相对于 element < val 或 comp(element, val) 进行分区
- 相对于 !(val < element) 或 !comp(val, element) 进行分区
- 对于所有元素,如果 element < val 或 comp(element, val) 为真,则 !(val < element) 或 !comp(val, element) 也为真。
用法
default (1) template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
pair<ForwardIterator,ForwardIterator>
equal_range (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& val);
custom (2) template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
pair<ForwardIterator,ForwardIterator>
equal_range (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& val,
Compare comp);
参数
first:指向要搜索的范围中的第一个元素的前向迭代器。
last:指向要搜索范围中过去最后一个元素的前向迭代器。
补偿: 一个用户定义的二元谓词函数,它接受两个参数,如果两个参数按顺序返回真,否则返回假。它遵循严格的弱排序来对元素进行排序。
val: 用于比较范围内元素的上限值。
返回值
它返回两个迭代器,一个指向第一个不小于 val 的元素,另一个指向第一个大于 val 的元素。
如果没有找到这样的元素,那么它最后返回。
复杂度
平均而言,复杂性在 first 和 last 之间的距离上是对数的:最多执行 2*log2 (N) + 1 次元素比较,其中 N = last - first。
数据竞争
访问范围 [first, last) 中的对象。
异常
如果元素比较或迭代器上的操作引发异常,则此函数将引发异常。
请注意,无效参数会导致未定义的行为。
例子1
让我们看一个简单的例子来演示 equal_range() 的使用:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int> v = {3, 1, 4, 2, 5};
sort(v.begin(), v.end());
auto result = equal_range(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);
cout << "Lower Bound of 3 is:"<<*result.first << endl;
cout << "Upper Bound of 3 is:"<<*result.second << endl;
return 0;
}
输出:
Lower Bound of 3 is:3 Upper Bound of 3 is:4
例子2
让我们看另一个使用 operator< 比较元素的简单示例:
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct S
{
int number;
char name;
S ( int number, char name )
:number ( number ), name ( name )
{}
// only the number is relevant with this comparison
bool operator< ( const S& s ) const
{
return number < s.number;
}
};
int main()
{
// note:not ordered, only partitioned w.r.t. S defined below
vector<S> vec = { {1,'A'}, {2,'B'}, {2,'C'}, {2,'D'}, {4,'G'}, {3,'F'} };
S value ( 2, '?' );
auto p = equal_range(vec.begin(),vec.end(),value);
for ( auto i = p.first; i != p.second; ++i )
cout << i->name << ' ';
return 0;
}
输出:
B C D
在上面的例子中,运算符 < 用于比较元素并返回等于 2 的范围内的所有元素。
例子3
让我们看另一个使用比较函数比较元素的简单示例:
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct S
{
int number;
char name;
S ( int number, char name )
:number ( number ), name ( name )
{}
// only the number is relevant with this comparison
bool operator< ( const S& s ) const
{
return number < s.number;
}
};
struct Comp
{
bool operator() ( const S& s, int i )
{
return s.number < i;
}
bool operator() ( int i, const S& s )
{
return i < s.number;
}
};
int main()
{
// note:not ordered, only partitioned w.r.t. S defined below
vector<S> vec = { {1,'A'}, {2,'B'}, {2,'C'}, {2,'D'}, {4,'G'}, {3,'F'} };
auto p = equal_range(vec.begin(),vec.end(),2,Comp());
for ( auto i = p.first; i != p.second; ++i )
cout << i->name << ' ';
return 0;
}
输出:
B C D
示例 4
让我们看另一个简单的例子:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[] = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10};
vector<int> v(a, a+10);
cout <<"\nHere are the contents of v:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";
pair<vector<int>::iterator, vector<int>::iterator> bounds;
bounds = equal_range(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nLower bound of 3 in v = "<<*bounds.first;
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nUpper bound of 3 in v = "<<*bounds.second;
bounds = equal_range(v.begin(), v.end(), 4);
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nLower bound of 4 in v = "<<*bounds.first;
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nUpper bound of 4 in v = "<<*bounds.second;
bounds = equal_range(v.begin(), v.end(), 5);
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nLower bound of 5 in v = "<<*bounds.first;
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nUpper bound of 5 in v = "<<*bounds.second;
bounds = equal_range(v.begin(), v.end(), 7);
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nLower bound of 7 in v = "<<*bounds.first;
cout <<"\nThis is the first of the three 7's, since the value "
"before this 7 is "<<*(bounds.first-1)<<".";
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nUpper bound of 7 in v = "<<*bounds.second;
bounds = equal_range(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nLower bound of 0 in v = "<<*bounds.first;
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nUpper bound of 0 in v = "<<*bounds.second;
bounds = equal_range(v.begin(), v.end(), 15);
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nLower bound of 15 in v = "<<*bounds.first;
if (bounds.first != v.end())
cout <<"\nUpper bound of 15 in v = "<<*bounds.second;
cout <<"\nNote that both the lower and upper bound locations "
"\nof 15 are the end (one-past-the-last) vector position.";
return 0;
}
输出:
Here are the contents of v: 2 3 5 6 7 7 7 8 9 10 Lower bound of 3 in v = 3 Upper bound of 3 in v = 5 Lower bound of 4 in v = 5 Upper bound of 4 in v = 5 Lower bound of 5 in v = 5 Upper bound of 5 in v = 6 Lower bound of 7 in v = 7 This is the first of the three 7's, since the value before this 7 is 6. Upper bound of 7 in v = 8 Lower bound of 0 in v = 2 Upper bound of 0 in v = 2 Note that both the lower and upper bound locations of 15 are the end (one-past-the-last) vector position.
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注:本文由纯净天空筛选整理自 C++ Algorithm equal_range()。非经特殊声明,原始代码版权归原作者所有,本译文未经允许或授权,请勿转载或复制。