Golang PHYPayload.SetMIC方法代码示例

func (n *networkServer) HandleDownlink(message *pb_broker.DownlinkMessage) (*pb_broker.DownlinkMessage, error) {
	// Get Device
	dev, err := n.devices.Get(*message.AppEui, *message.DevEui)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	n.status.downlink.Mark(1)

	dev.StartUpdate()

	if dev.AppID != message.AppId || dev.DevID != message.DevId {
		return nil, errors.NewErrInvalidArgument("Downlink", "AppID and DevID do not match AppEUI and DevEUI")
	}

	// Unmarshal LoRaWAN Payload
	var phyPayload lorawan.PHYPayload
	err = phyPayload.UnmarshalBinary(message.Payload)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	macPayload, ok := phyPayload.MACPayload.(*lorawan.MACPayload)
	if !ok {
		return nil, errors.NewErrInvalidArgument("Downlink", "does not contain a MAC payload")
	}

	// Set DevAddr
	macPayload.FHDR.DevAddr = lorawan.DevAddr(dev.DevAddr)

	// FIRST set and THEN increment FCntDown
	// TODO: For confirmed downlink, FCntDown should be incremented AFTER ACK
	macPayload.FHDR.FCnt = dev.FCntDown
	dev.FCntDown++
	err = n.devices.Set(dev)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Sign MIC
	phyPayload.SetMIC(lorawan.AES128Key(dev.NwkSKey))

	// Update message
	bytes, err := phyPayload.MarshalBinary()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	message.Payload = bytes

	return message, nil
}

func doTestHandleActivation(h *handler, appEUI types.AppEUI, devEUI types.DevEUI, devNonce [2]byte, appKey types.AppKey) (*pb.DeviceActivationResponse, error) {
	devAddr := types.DevAddr{1, 2, 3, 4}

	requestPHY := lorawan.PHYPayload{
		MHDR: lorawan.MHDR{
			MType: lorawan.JoinRequest,
			Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
		},
		MACPayload: &lorawan.JoinRequestPayload{
			AppEUI:   lorawan.EUI64(appEUI),
			DevEUI:   lorawan.EUI64(devEUI),
			DevNonce: devNonce,
		},
	}
	requestPHY.SetMIC(lorawan.AES128Key(appKey))
	requestBytes, _ := requestPHY.MarshalBinary()

	responsePHY := lorawan.PHYPayload{
		MHDR: lorawan.MHDR{
			MType: lorawan.JoinAccept,
			Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
		},
		MACPayload: &lorawan.JoinAcceptPayload{},
	}
	templateBytes, _ := responsePHY.MarshalBinary()
	return h.HandleActivation(&pb_broker.DeduplicatedDeviceActivationRequest{
		Payload: requestBytes,
		AppEui:  &appEUI,
		AppId:   appEUI.String(),
		DevEui:  &devEUI,
		DevId:   devEUI.String(),
		ActivationMetadata: &pb_protocol.ActivationMetadata{Protocol: &pb_protocol.ActivationMetadata_Lorawan{
			Lorawan: &pb_lorawan.ActivationMetadata{
				DevAddr: &devAddr,
			},
		}},
		ResponseTemplate: &pb_broker.DeviceActivationResponse{
			Payload: templateBytes,
		},
	})
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
			MType: lorawan.UnconfirmedDataDown,
			Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
		},
	}
	macPL = &lorawan.MACPayload{
		FHDR: lorawan.FHDR{
			DevAddr: ns.DevAddr,
			FCtrl: lorawan.FCtrl{
				ACK:      rxPacket.PHYPayload.MHDR.MType == lorawan.ConfirmedDataUp, // set ACK when uplink packet was of type ConfirmedDataUp
				FPending: queueSize > 0 || len(allMACPayloads) != len(macPayloads),  // items in the queue or not all mac commands being sent
			},
			FCnt: ns.FCntDown,
		},
	}
	phy.MACPayload = macPL

	if len(macCommmands) > 0 {
		if frmMACCommands {
			var fPort uint8 // 0
			var frmPayload []lorawan.Payload
			for i := range macCommmands {
				frmPayload = append(frmPayload, &macCommmands[i])
			}
			macPL.FPort = &fPort
			macPL.FRMPayload = frmPayload
		} else {
			macPL.FHDR.FOpts = macCommmands
		}
	}

	// add the payload to FRMPayload field
	// note that txPayload is by definition nil when there are mac commands
	// to send in the FRMPayload field.
	if txPayload != nil {
		if txPayload.Confirmed {
			phy.MHDR.MType = lorawan.ConfirmedDataDown
		}

		macPL.FPort = &txPayload.FPort
		macPL.FRMPayload = []lorawan.Payload{
			&lorawan.DataPayload{Bytes: txPayload.Data},
		}
	}

	// if there is no payload set, encrypt will just do nothing
	if len(macCommmands) > 0 && frmMACCommands {
		if err := phy.EncryptFRMPayload(ns.NwkSKey); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("encrypt FRMPayload error: %s", err)
		}
	} else {
		if err := phy.EncryptFRMPayload(ns.AppSKey); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("encrypt FRMPayload error: %s", err)
		}
	}

	if err := phy.SetMIC(ns.NwkSKey); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("set MIC error: %s", err)
	}

	txPacket := models.TXPacket{
		TXInfo: models.TXInfo{
			MAC:       rxPacket.RXInfo.MAC,
			Timestamp: rxPacket.RXInfo.Timestamp + uint32(properties.rxDelay/time.Microsecond),
			Frequency: properties.rx1Frequency,
			Power:     common.Band.DefaultTXPower,
			DataRate:  common.Band.DataRates[properties.rx1DR],
			CodeRate:  rxPacket.RXInfo.CodeRate,
		},
		PHYPayload: phy,
	}

	// window 1
	if err := ctx.Gateway.SendTXPacket(txPacket); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("send tx packet (rx window 1) to gateway error: %s", err)
	}

	// increment the FCntDown when MType != ConfirmedDataDown and clear
	// in-process queue. In case of ConfirmedDataDown we increment on ACK.
	if phy.MHDR.MType != lorawan.ConfirmedDataDown {
		ns.FCntDown++
		if err = storage.SaveNodeSession(ctx.RedisPool, ns); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if txPayload != nil {
			if _, err = storage.ClearInProcessTXPayload(ctx.RedisPool, ns.DevEUI); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	// remove the mac commands from the queue
	for _, pl := range macPayloads {
		if err = storage.DeleteMACPayloadFromTXQueue(ctx.RedisPool, ns.DevAddr, pl); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("delete mac-payload from tx queue error: %s", err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
			MType: lorawan.UnconfirmedDataDown,
			Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
		},
	}
	macPL = &lorawan.MACPayload{
		FHDR: lorawan.FHDR{
			DevAddr: ns.DevAddr,
			FCtrl: lorawan.FCtrl{
				ACK: rxPacket.PHYPayload.MHDR.MType == lorawan.ConfirmedDataUp, // set ACK to true when received packet needs an ACK
			},
			FCnt: ns.FCntDown,
		},
	}
	phy.MACPayload = macPL

	// add the payload from the queue
	if txPayload != nil {
		// validate the max payload size
		if len(txPayload.Data) > Band.MaxPayloadSize[rx1DR].N {
			// remove the payload from the queue regarding confirmed or not
			if _, err := clearInProcessTXPayload(ctx.RedisPool, ns.DevEUI); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			log.WithFields(log.Fields{
				"dev_eui":             ns.DevEUI,
				"data_rate":           rx1DR,
				"frmpayload_size":     len(txPayload.Data),
				"max_frmpayload_size": Band.MaxPayloadSize[rx1DR].N,
			}).Warning("downlink payload max size exceeded")
			err = ctx.Application.SendNotification(ns.DevEUI, ns.AppEUI, models.ErrorNotificationType, models.ErrorNotification{
				Reference: txPayload.Reference,
				DevEUI:    ns.DevEUI,
				Message:   fmt.Sprintf("downlink payload max size exceeded (dr: %d, allowed: %d, got: %d)", rx1DR, Band.MaxPayloadSize[rx1DR].N, len(txPayload.Data)),
			})
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		} else {
			// remove the payload from the queue when not confirmed
			if !txPayload.Confirmed {
				if _, err := clearInProcessTXPayload(ctx.RedisPool, ns.DevEUI); err != nil {
					return err
				}
			}

			macPL.FHDR.FCtrl.FPending = remaining
			if txPayload.Confirmed {
				phy.MHDR.MType = lorawan.ConfirmedDataDown
			}
			macPL.FPort = &txPayload.FPort
			macPL.FRMPayload = []lorawan.Payload{
				&lorawan.DataPayload{Bytes: txPayload.Data},
			}
		}
	}

	// when the payload did not pass the validation and there is no ACK set,
	// there is nothing to send
	if !macPL.FHDR.FCtrl.ACK && len(macPL.FRMPayload) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	// if there is no payload set, encrypt will just do nothing
	if err := phy.EncryptFRMPayload(ns.AppSKey); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("encrypt FRMPayload error: %s", err)
	}

	if err := phy.SetMIC(ns.NwkSKey); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("set MIC error: %s", err)
	}

	txPacket := models.TXPacket{
		TXInfo: models.TXInfo{
			MAC:       rxPacket.RXInfo.MAC,
			Timestamp: rxPacket.RXInfo.Timestamp + uint32(rxDelay/time.Microsecond),
			Frequency: Band.DownlinkChannels[rx1Channel].Frequency,
			Power:     Band.DefaultTXPower,
			DataRate:  Band.DataRates[rx1DR],
			CodeRate:  rxPacket.RXInfo.CodeRate,
		},
		PHYPayload: phy,
	}

	// window 1
	if err := ctx.Gateway.Send(txPacket); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("send tx packet (rx window 1) to gateway error: %s", err)
	}

	// increment the FCntDown when MType != ConfirmedDataDown. In case of
	// ConfirmedDataDown we increment on ACK.
	if phy.MHDR.MType != lorawan.ConfirmedDataDown {
		ns.FCntDown++
		if err := saveNodeSession(ctx.RedisPool, ns); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func TestHandleJoinRequestPackets(t *testing.T) {
	conf := common.GetTestConfig()

	Convey("Given a dummy gateway and application backend and a clean Postgres and Redis database", t, func() {
		a := &testApplicationBackend{
			rxPayloadChan:           make(chan models.RXPayload, 1),
			notificationPayloadChan: make(chan interface{}, 10),
		}
		g := &testGatewayBackend{
			rxPacketChan: make(chan models.RXPacket, 1),
			txPacketChan: make(chan models.TXPacket, 1),
		}
		p := storage.NewRedisPool(conf.RedisURL)
		common.MustFlushRedis(p)
		db, err := storage.OpenDatabase(conf.PostgresDSN)
		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
		common.MustResetDB(db)

		ctx := Context{
			RedisPool:   p,
			Gateway:     g,
			Application: a,
			DB:          db,
		}

		Convey("Given a node and application in the database", func() {
			app := models.Application{
				AppEUI: [8]byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8},
				Name:   "test app",
			}
			So(storage.CreateApplication(ctx.DB, app), ShouldBeNil)

			node := models.Node{
				DevEUI: [8]byte{8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1},
				AppEUI: app.AppEUI,
				AppKey: [16]byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16},

				RXDelay:     3,
				RX1DROffset: 2,
			}
			So(storage.CreateNode(ctx.DB, node), ShouldBeNil)

			Convey("Given a JoinRequest with correct DevEUI but incorrect AppEUI", func() {
				phy := lorawan.PHYPayload{
					MHDR: lorawan.MHDR{
						MType: lorawan.JoinRequest,
						Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
					},
					MACPayload: &lorawan.JoinRequestPayload{
						AppEUI:   [8]byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9},
						DevEUI:   node.DevEUI,
						DevNonce: [2]byte{1, 2},
					},
				}
				So(phy.SetMIC(node.AppKey), ShouldBeNil)

				rxPacket := models.RXPacket{
					PHYPayload: phy,
					RXInfo: models.RXInfo{
						Frequency: common.Band.UplinkChannels[0].Frequency,
						DataRate:  common.Band.DataRates[common.Band.UplinkChannels[0].DataRates[0]],
					},
				}

				Convey("then handleRXPacket returns an error", func() {
					So(handleRXPacket(ctx, rxPacket), ShouldResemble, errors.New("node 0807060504030201 belongs to application 0102030405060708, 0102030405060709 was given"))
				})
			})

			Convey("Given a JoinRequest packet", func() {
				phy := lorawan.PHYPayload{
					MHDR: lorawan.MHDR{
						MType: lorawan.JoinRequest,
						Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
					},
					MACPayload: &lorawan.JoinRequestPayload{
						AppEUI:   app.AppEUI,
						DevEUI:   node.DevEUI,
						DevNonce: [2]byte{1, 2},
					},
				}
				So(phy.SetMIC(node.AppKey), ShouldBeNil)

				rxPacket := models.RXPacket{
					PHYPayload: phy,
					RXInfo: models.RXInfo{
						Frequency: common.Band.UplinkChannels[0].Frequency,
						DataRate:  common.Band.DataRates[common.Band.UplinkChannels[0].DataRates[0]],
					},
				}

				Convey("When calling handleRXPacket", func() {
					So(handleRXPacket(ctx, rxPacket), ShouldBeNil)

					Convey("Then a JoinAccept was sent to the node", func() {
						txPacket := <-g.txPacketChan
						phy := txPacket.PHYPayload
						So(phy.DecryptJoinAcceptPayload(node.AppKey), ShouldBeNil)
						So(phy.MHDR.MType, ShouldEqual, lorawan.JoinAccept)

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

func TestHandleUplink(t *testing.T) {
	a := New(t)

	b := getTestBroker(t)

	gtwID := "eui-0102030405060708"

	// Invalid Payload
	err := b.HandleUplink(&pb.UplinkMessage{
		Payload:          []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03},
		GatewayMetadata:  &gateway.RxMetadata{Snr: 1.2, GatewayId: gtwID},
		ProtocolMetadata: &protocol.RxMetadata{},
	})
	a.So(err, ShouldNotBeNil)

	// Valid Payload
	phy := lorawan.PHYPayload{
		MHDR: lorawan.MHDR{
			MType: lorawan.UnconfirmedDataUp,
			Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
		},
		MACPayload: &lorawan.MACPayload{
			FHDR: lorawan.FHDR{
				DevAddr: lorawan.DevAddr([4]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}),
				FCnt:    1,
			},
		},
	}
	bytes, _ := phy.MarshalBinary()

	// Device not found
	b.uplinkDeduplicator = NewDeduplicator(10 * time.Millisecond)
	b.ns.EXPECT().GetDevices(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(&pb_networkserver.DevicesResponse{
		Results: []*pb_lorawan.Device{},
	}, nil)
	err = b.HandleUplink(&pb.UplinkMessage{
		Payload:          bytes,
		GatewayMetadata:  &gateway.RxMetadata{Snr: 1.2, GatewayId: gtwID},
		ProtocolMetadata: &protocol.RxMetadata{Protocol: &protocol.RxMetadata_Lorawan{Lorawan: &pb_lorawan.Metadata{}}},
	})
	a.So(err, ShouldHaveSameTypeAs, &errors.ErrNotFound{})

	devEUI := types.DevEUI{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
	wrongDevEUI := types.DevEUI{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}
	appEUI := types.AppEUI{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
	appID := "appid-1"
	nwkSKey := types.NwkSKey{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

	// Add devices
	b = getTestBroker(t)
	nsResponse := &pb_networkserver.DevicesResponse{
		Results: []*pb_lorawan.Device{
			&pb_lorawan.Device{
				DevEui:  &wrongDevEUI,
				AppEui:  &appEUI,
				AppId:   appID,
				NwkSKey: &nwkSKey,
				FCntUp:  4,
			},
			&pb_lorawan.Device{
				DevEui:  &devEUI,
				AppEui:  &appEUI,
				AppId:   appID,
				NwkSKey: &nwkSKey,
				FCntUp:  3,
			},
		},
	}
	b.handlers["handlerID"] = &handler{uplink: make(chan *pb.DeduplicatedUplinkMessage, 10)}

	// Device doesn't match
	b.uplinkDeduplicator = NewDeduplicator(10 * time.Millisecond)
	b.ns.EXPECT().GetDevices(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(nsResponse, nil)
	err = b.HandleUplink(&pb.UplinkMessage{
		Payload:          bytes,
		GatewayMetadata:  &gateway.RxMetadata{Snr: 1.2, GatewayId: gtwID},
		ProtocolMetadata: &protocol.RxMetadata{Protocol: &protocol.RxMetadata_Lorawan{Lorawan: &pb_lorawan.Metadata{}}},
	})
	a.So(err, ShouldHaveSameTypeAs, &errors.ErrNotFound{})

	phy.SetMIC(lorawan.AES128Key{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8})
	bytes, _ = phy.MarshalBinary()

	// Wrong FCnt
	b.uplinkDeduplicator = NewDeduplicator(10 * time.Millisecond)
	b.ns.EXPECT().GetDevices(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(nsResponse, nil)
	err = b.HandleUplink(&pb.UplinkMessage{
		Payload:          bytes,
		GatewayMetadata:  &gateway.RxMetadata{Snr: 1.2, GatewayId: gtwID},
		ProtocolMetadata: &protocol.RxMetadata{Protocol: &protocol.RxMetadata_Lorawan{Lorawan: &pb_lorawan.Metadata{}}},
	})
	a.So(err, ShouldHaveSameTypeAs, &errors.ErrNotFound{})

	// Disable FCnt Check
	b.uplinkDeduplicator = NewDeduplicator(10 * time.Millisecond)
	nsResponse.Results[0].DisableFCntCheck = true
	b.ns.EXPECT().GetDevices(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(nsResponse, nil)
	b.ns.EXPECT().Uplink(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any())
	b.discovery.EXPECT().GetAllHandlersForAppID("appid-1").Return([]*pb_discovery.Announcement{
		&pb_discovery.Announcement{
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

func (h *handler) ConvertToLoRaWAN(ctx log.Interface, appDown *types.DownlinkMessage, ttnDown *pb_broker.DownlinkMessage) error {
	// Find Device
	dev, err := h.devices.Get(appDown.AppID, appDown.DevID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// LoRaWAN: Unmarshal Downlink
	var phyPayload lorawan.PHYPayload
	err = phyPayload.UnmarshalBinary(ttnDown.Payload)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	macPayload, ok := phyPayload.MACPayload.(*lorawan.MACPayload)
	if !ok {
		return errors.NewErrInvalidArgument("Downlink", "does not contain a MAC payload")
	}
	if ttnDown.DownlinkOption != nil && ttnDown.DownlinkOption.ProtocolConfig.GetLorawan() != nil {
		macPayload.FHDR.FCnt = ttnDown.DownlinkOption.ProtocolConfig.GetLorawan().FCnt
	}

	// Abort when downlink not needed
	if len(appDown.PayloadRaw) == 0 && !macPayload.FHDR.FCtrl.ACK && len(macPayload.FHDR.FOpts) == 0 {
		return ErrNotNeeded
	}

	// Set FPort
	if appDown.FPort != 0 {
		macPayload.FPort = &appDown.FPort
	}

	// Set Payload
	if len(appDown.PayloadRaw) > 0 {
		macPayload.FRMPayload = []lorawan.Payload{&lorawan.DataPayload{Bytes: appDown.PayloadRaw}}
		if macPayload.FPort == nil || *macPayload.FPort == 0 {
			macPayload.FPort = pointer.Uint8(1)
		}
	} else {
		macPayload.FRMPayload = []lorawan.Payload{}
	}

	// Encrypt
	err = phyPayload.EncryptFRMPayload(lorawan.AES128Key(dev.AppSKey))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Set MIC
	err = phyPayload.SetMIC(lorawan.AES128Key(dev.NwkSKey))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Marshal
	phyPayloadBytes, err := phyPayload.MarshalBinary()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	ttnDown.Payload = phyPayloadBytes

	return nil
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
	// get the (optional) CFList
	cFList, err := getCFListForNode(ctx.DB, node)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("get CFList for node error: %s", err)
	}

	// get keys
	nwkSKey, err := getNwkSKey(node.AppKey, ctx.NetID, appNonce, jrPL.DevNonce)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("get NwkSKey error: %s", err)
	}
	appSKey, err := getAppSKey(node.AppKey, ctx.NetID, appNonce, jrPL.DevNonce)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("get AppSKey error: %s", err)
	}

	ns := models.NodeSession{
		DevAddr:  devAddr,
		DevEUI:   jrPL.DevEUI,
		AppSKey:  appSKey,
		NwkSKey:  nwkSKey,
		FCntUp:   0,
		FCntDown: 0,

		AppEUI:      node.AppEUI,
		RXDelay:     node.RXDelay,
		RX1DROffset: node.RX1DROffset,
	}
	if err = saveNodeSession(ctx.RedisPool, ns); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("save node-session error: %s", err)
	}

	// update the node (with updated used dev-nonces)
	if err = updateNode(ctx.DB, node); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("update node error: %s", err)
	}

	// construct the lorawan packet
	phy := lorawan.PHYPayload{
		MHDR: lorawan.MHDR{
			MType: lorawan.JoinAccept,
			Major: lorawan.LoRaWANR1,
		},
		MACPayload: &lorawan.JoinAcceptPayload{
			AppNonce: appNonce,
			NetID:    ctx.NetID,
			DevAddr:  ns.DevAddr,
			RXDelay:  ns.RXDelay,
			DLSettings: lorawan.DLSettings{
				RX2DataRate: uint8(Band.RX2DataRate),
				RX1DROffset: ns.RX1DROffset,
			},
			CFList: cFList,
		},
	}
	if err = phy.SetMIC(node.AppKey); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("set MIC error: %s", err)
	}
	if err = phy.EncryptJoinAcceptPayload(node.AppKey); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("encrypt join-accept error: %s", err)
	}

	// get TX DR
	uplinkDR, err := Band.GetDataRate(rxPacket.RXInfo.DataRate)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// get TX channel
	uplinkChannel, err := Band.GetChannel(rxPacket.RXInfo.Frequency, uplinkDR)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// get RX1 channel
	rx1Channel := Band.GetRX1Channel(uplinkChannel)
	// get RX1 DR
	rx1DR := Band.RX1DataRate[uplinkDR][0]

	txPacket := models.TXPacket{
		TXInfo: models.TXInfo{
			MAC:       rxPacket.RXInfo.MAC,
			Timestamp: rxPacket.RXInfo.Timestamp + uint32(Band.JoinAcceptDelay1/time.Microsecond),
			Frequency: Band.DownlinkChannels[rx1Channel].Frequency,
			Power:     Band.DefaultTXPower,
			DataRate:  Band.DataRates[rx1DR],
			CodeRate:  rxPacket.RXInfo.CodeRate,
		},
		PHYPayload: phy,
	}

	// window 1
	if err = ctx.Gateway.SendTXPacket(txPacket); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("send tx packet (rx window 1) to gateway error: %s", err)
	}

	// send a notification to the application that a node joined the network
	return ctx.Application.SendNotification(ns.AppEUI, ns.DevEUI, models.JoinNotificationType, models.JoinNotification{
		DevAddr: ns.DevAddr,
		DevEUI:  ns.DevEUI,
	})
}