C# Resource.Unmap方法代码示例

        private void LoadAssets()
        {
            // Create an empty root signature.
            var rootSignatureDesc = new RootSignatureDescription(RootSignatureFlags.AllowInputAssemblerInputLayout);
            rootSignature = device.CreateRootSignature(rootSignatureDesc.Serialize());

            // Create the pipeline state, which includes compiling and loading shaders.

            #if DEBUG
            var vertexShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.Compile(SharpDX.IO.NativeFile.ReadAllText("shaders.hlsl"), "VSMain", "vs_5_0", SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderFlags.Debug));
            #else
            var vertexShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "VSMain", "vs_5_0"));
            #endif

            #if DEBUG
            var pixelShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.Compile(SharpDX.IO.NativeFile.ReadAllText("shaders.hlsl"), "PSMain", "ps_5_0", SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderFlags.Debug));
            #else
            var pixelShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "PSMain", "ps_5_0"));
            #endif

            // Define the vertex input layout.
            var inputElementDescs = new []
            {
                    new InputElement("POSITION",0,Format.R32G32B32_Float,0,0),
                    new InputElement("COLOR",0,Format.R32G32B32A32_Float,12,0)
            };

            // Describe and create the graphics pipeline state object (PSO).
            var psoDesc = new GraphicsPipelineStateDescription()
            {
                InputLayout = new InputLayoutDescription(inputElementDescs),
                RootSignature = rootSignature,
                VertexShader = vertexShader,
                PixelShader = pixelShader,
                RasterizerState = RasterizerStateDescription.Default(),
                BlendState = BlendStateDescription.Default(),
                DepthStencilFormat = SharpDX.DXGI.Format.D32_Float,
                DepthStencilState = new DepthStencilStateDescription() { IsDepthEnabled = false, IsStencilEnabled = false },
                SampleMask = int.MaxValue,
                PrimitiveTopologyType = PrimitiveTopologyType.Triangle,
                RenderTargetCount = 1,
                Flags = PipelineStateFlags.None,
                SampleDescription = new SharpDX.DXGI.SampleDescription(1, 0),
                StreamOutput = new StreamOutputDescription()
            };
            psoDesc.RenderTargetFormats[0] = SharpDX.DXGI.Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm;

            pipelineState = device.CreateGraphicsPipelineState(psoDesc);

            // Create the command list.
            commandList = device.CreateCommandList(CommandListType.Direct, commandAllocator, pipelineState);

            // Command lists are created in the recording state, but there is nothing
            // to record yet. The main loop expects it to be closed, so close it now.
            commandList.Close();

            // Create the vertex buffer.
            float aspectRatio = viewport.Width / viewport.Height;

            // Define the geometry for a triangle.
            var triangleVertices = new []
            {
                    new Vertex() {Position=new Vector3(0.0f, 0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f ),Color=new Vector4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ) },
                    new Vertex() {Position=new Vector3(0.25f, -0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f),Color=new Vector4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f) },
                    new Vertex() {Position=new Vector3(-0.25f, -0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f),Color=new Vector4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) },
            };

            int vertexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(triangleVertices);

            // Note: using upload heaps to transfer static data like vert buffers is not
            // recommended. Every time the GPU needs it, the upload heap will be marshalled
            // over. Please read up on Default Heap usage. An upload heap is used here for
            // code simplicity and because there are very few verts to actually transfer.
            vertexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(vertexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            // Copy the triangle data to the vertex buffer.
            IntPtr pVertexDataBegin = vertexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pVertexDataBegin, triangleVertices, 0, triangleVertices.Length);
            vertexBuffer.Unmap(0);

            // Initialize the vertex buffer view.
            vertexBufferView = new VertexBufferView();
            vertexBufferView.BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress;
            vertexBufferView.StrideInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf<Vertex>();
            vertexBufferView.SizeInBytes = vertexBufferSize;

            // Create and record the bundle.
            bundle = device.CreateCommandList(0, CommandListType.Bundle, bundleAllocator, pipelineState);
            bundle.SetGraphicsRootSignature(rootSignature);
            bundle.PrimitiveTopology = SharpDX.Direct3D.PrimitiveTopology.TriangleList;
            bundle.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBufferView);
            bundle.DrawInstanced(3, 1, 0, 0);
            bundle.Close();

            // Create synchronization objects.
            {
                fence = device.CreateFence(0, FenceFlags.None);
                fenceValue = 1;

                // Create an event handle to use for frame synchronization.
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

        private void LoadAssets()
        {
            DescriptorRange[] ranges = new DescriptorRange[] { new DescriptorRange() { RangeType = DescriptorRangeType.ShaderResourceView, DescriptorCount = 1, OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart = int.MinValue, BaseShaderRegister = 0 } };

            StaticSamplerDescription sampler = new StaticSamplerDescription()
            {
                Filter = Filter.MinimumMinMagMipPoint,
                AddressU = TextureAddressMode.Border,
                AddressV = TextureAddressMode.Border,
                AddressW = TextureAddressMode.Border,
                MipLODBias = 0,
                MaxAnisotropy = 0,
                ComparisonFunc = Comparison.Never,
                BorderColor = StaticBorderColor.TransparentBlack,
                MinLOD = 0.0f,
                MaxLOD = float.MaxValue,
                ShaderRegister = 0,
                RegisterSpace = 0,
                ShaderVisibility = ShaderVisibility.Pixel,
            };

            RootParameter[] rootParameters = new RootParameter[] { new RootParameter(ShaderVisibility.Pixel, ranges) };

            RootSignatureDescription rootSignatureDesc = new RootSignatureDescription(RootSignatureFlags.AllowInputAssemblerInputLayout, rootParameters, new StaticSamplerDescription[] { sampler });
            rootSignature = device.CreateRootSignature(0, rootSignatureDesc.Serialize());

            // Create the pipeline state, which includes compiling and loading shaders.
            #if DEBUG
            var vertexShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "VSMain", "vs_5_0", SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderFlags.Debug));
            #else
            var vertexShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "VSMain", "vs_5_0"));
            #endif

            #if DEBUG
            var pixelShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "PSMain", "ps_5_0", SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderFlags.Debug));
            #else
            var pixelShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "PSMain", "ps_5_0"));
            #endif

            // Define the vertex input layout.
            InputElement[] inputElementDescs = new InputElement[]
            {
                    new InputElement("POSITION",0,Format.R32G32B32_Float,0,0),
                    new InputElement("TEXCOORD",0,Format.R32G32_Float,12,0)
            };

            // Describe and create the graphics pipeline state object (PSO).
            GraphicsPipelineStateDescription psoDesc = new GraphicsPipelineStateDescription()
            {
                InputLayout = new InputLayoutDescription(inputElementDescs),
                RootSignature = rootSignature,
                VertexShader = vertexShader,
                PixelShader = pixelShader,
                RasterizerState = RasterizerStateDescription.Default(),
                BlendState = BlendStateDescription.Default(),
                DepthStencilFormat = SharpDX.DXGI.Format.D32_Float,
                DepthStencilState = new DepthStencilStateDescription() { IsDepthEnabled = false, IsStencilEnabled = false },
                SampleMask = int.MaxValue,
                PrimitiveTopologyType = PrimitiveTopologyType.Triangle,
                RenderTargetCount = 1,
                Flags = PipelineStateFlags.None,
                SampleDescription = new SharpDX.DXGI.SampleDescription(1, 0),
                StreamOutput = new StreamOutputDescription()
            };
            psoDesc.RenderTargetFormats[0] = SharpDX.DXGI.Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm;

            pipelineState = device.CreateGraphicsPipelineState(psoDesc);

            // Create the command list.
            commandList = device.CreateCommandList(CommandListType.Direct, commandAllocator, pipelineState);

            // Create the vertex buffer.
            float aspectRatio = viewport.Width / viewport.Height;

            // Define the geometry for a triangle.
            Vertex[] triangleVertices = new Vertex[]
            {
                    new Vertex() {position=new Vector3(0.0f, 0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f ),uv=new Vector2(0.5f, 0.0f) },
                    new Vertex() {position=new Vector3(0.25f, -0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f),uv=new Vector2(1.0f, 1.0f) },
                    new Vertex() {position=new Vector3(-0.25f, -0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f),uv=new Vector2(0.0f, 1.0f) },
            };

            int vertexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(triangleVertices);

            // Note: using upload heaps to transfer static data like vert buffers is not
            // recommended. Every time the GPU needs it, the upload heap will be marshalled
            // over. Please read up on Default Heap usage. An upload heap is used here for
            // code simplicity and because there are very few verts to actually transfer.
            vertexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(vertexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            // Copy the triangle data to the vertex buffer.
            IntPtr pVertexDataBegin = vertexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pVertexDataBegin, triangleVertices, 0, triangleVertices.Length);
            vertexBuffer.Unmap(0);

            // Initialize the vertex buffer view.
            vertexBufferView = new VertexBufferView();
            vertexBufferView.BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress;
            vertexBufferView.StrideInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf<Vertex>();
            vertexBufferView.SizeInBytes = vertexBufferSize;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
                    handle = GCHandle.Alloc(textureData, GCHandleType.Pinned);
                    ptr = Marshal.UnsafeAddrOfPinnedArrayElement(textureData, 0);
                    texture.WriteToSubresource(0, null, ptr, tex.Width * tex.PixelWdith, textureData.Length);
                    handle.Free();

                    // Describe and create a SRV for the texture.
                    device.CreateShaderResourceView(
                        texture,
                        new ShaderResourceViewDescription
                        {
                            Shader4ComponentMapping = ((((0) & 0x7) | (((1) & 0x7) << 3) | (((2) & 0x7) << (3 * 2)) | (((3) & 0x7) << (3 * 3)) | (1 << (3 * 4)))),
                            Format = textureDesc.Format,
                            Dimension = ShaderResourceViewDimension.Texture2D,
                            Texture2D =
                            {
                                MipLevels = 1,
                                MostDetailedMip = 0,
                                PlaneSlice = 0,
                                ResourceMinLODClamp = 0.0f
                            }
                        },
                        shaderRenderViewHeap.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart + viewStep + texsCount * device.GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(DescriptorHeapType.ConstantBufferViewShaderResourceViewUnorderedAccessView));

                    texsCount++;
                    //break;
                }

                triangleVertices = (new Func<Vertex[]>(() =>
                {
                    var v = new Vertex[m.Vertices.Length];
                    for (int i = 0; i < m.Vertices.Length; i++)
                    {
                        v[i].Position = m.Vertices[i];
                        v[i].TexCoord = m.UV[i];
                        v[i].Normal = m.Normals[i];
                        //v[i].Tangent = m.Tangents[i];
                        //v[i].BiTangent = m.BiTangents[i];
                        v[i].Diffuse = m.Diffuse;
                        v[i].emissive = m.Emissive;
                        v[i].Specular = m.Specular;
                    }
                    return v;
                }))();
                triangleIndexes = m.Indices;

                // build vertex buffer
                vertexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(
                    new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload),
                    HeapFlags.None,
                    ResourceDescription.Buffer(Utilities.SizeOf(triangleVertices)),
                    ResourceStates.GenericRead);
                Utilities.Write(vertexBuffer.Map(0), triangleVertices, 0, triangleVertices.Length);
                vertexBuffer.Unmap(0);

                // build index buffer
                indexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(
                    new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload),
                    HeapFlags.None,
                    ResourceDescription.Buffer(Utilities.SizeOf(triangleIndexes)),
                    ResourceStates.GenericRead);
                Utilities.Write(indexBuffer.Map(0), triangleIndexes, 0, triangleIndexes.Length);
                indexBuffer.Unmap(0);

                bufferViews.Add(new BufferView()
                {
                    vertexBufferView = new VertexBufferView()
                    {
                        BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress,
                        StrideInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf<Vertex>(),
                        SizeInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf(triangleVertices)
                    },
                    indexBufferView = new IndexBufferView()
                    {
                        BufferLocation = indexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress,
                        SizeInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf(triangleIndexes),
                        Format = Format.R32_UInt
                    },
                    IndexCount = triangleIndexes.Length,
                    ViewStep = viewStep,
                    TexsCount = texsCount
                });

                viewStep += texsCount * device.GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(DescriptorHeapType.ConstantBufferViewShaderResourceViewUnorderedAccessView);
            }

            SamplerStateDescription samplerDesc = new SamplerStateDescription
            {
                Filter = Filter.MinMagMipLinear,
                AddressU = TextureAddressMode.Clamp,
                AddressV = TextureAddressMode.Clamp,
                AddressW = TextureAddressMode.Clamp,
                MaximumAnisotropy = 0,
                MaximumLod = float.MaxValue,
                MinimumLod = -float.MaxValue,
                MipLodBias = 0,
                ComparisonFunction = Comparison.Never
            };

            device.CreateSampler(samplerDesc, samplerViewHeap.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart);
        }

        private void LoadAssets()
        {
            DescriptorRange[] ranges = new DescriptorRange[] { new DescriptorRange() { RangeType = DescriptorRangeType.ConstantBufferView, BaseShaderRegister = 0, OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart = int.MinValue, DescriptorCount = 1 } };
            RootParameter parameter = new RootParameter(ShaderVisibility.Vertex, ranges);

            // Create an empty root signature.
            RootSignatureDescription rootSignatureDesc = new RootSignatureDescription(RootSignatureFlags.AllowInputAssemblerInputLayout, new RootParameter[] { parameter });
            rootSignature = device.CreateRootSignature(rootSignatureDesc.Serialize());

            // Create the pipeline state, which includes compiling and loading shaders.
            #if DEBUG
            var vertexShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "VSMain", "vs_5_0", SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderFlags.Debug));
            #else
            var vertexShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "VSMain", "vs_5_0"));
            #endif

            #if DEBUG
            var pixelShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "PSMain", "ps_5_0", SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderFlags.Debug));
            #else
            var pixelShader = new ShaderBytecode(SharpDX.D3DCompiler.ShaderBytecode.CompileFromFile("shaders.hlsl", "PSMain", "ps_5_0"));
            #endif

            // Define the vertex input layout.
            InputElement[] inputElementDescs = new InputElement[]
            {
                    new InputElement("POSITION",0,Format.R32G32B32_Float,0,0),
                    new InputElement("COLOR",0,Format.R32G32B32A32_Float,12,0)
            };

            // Describe and create the graphics pipeline state object (PSO).
            GraphicsPipelineStateDescription psoDesc = new GraphicsPipelineStateDescription()
            {
                InputLayout = new InputLayoutDescription(inputElementDescs),
                RootSignature = rootSignature,
                VertexShader = vertexShader,
                PixelShader = pixelShader,
                RasterizerState = RasterizerStateDescription.Default(),
                BlendState = BlendStateDescription.Default(),
                DepthStencilFormat = SharpDX.DXGI.Format.D32_Float,
                DepthStencilState = new DepthStencilStateDescription() { IsDepthEnabled = false, IsStencilEnabled = false },
                SampleMask = int.MaxValue,
                PrimitiveTopologyType = PrimitiveTopologyType.Triangle,
                RenderTargetCount = 1,
                Flags = PipelineStateFlags.None,
                SampleDescription = new SharpDX.DXGI.SampleDescription(1, 0),
                StreamOutput = new StreamOutputDescription()
            };
            psoDesc.RenderTargetFormats[0] = SharpDX.DXGI.Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm;

            pipelineState = device.CreateGraphicsPipelineState(psoDesc);

            // Create the command list.
            commandList = device.CreateCommandList(CommandListType.Direct, commandAllocator, pipelineState);

            // Create the vertex buffer.
            float aspectRatio = viewport.Width / viewport.Height;

            // Define the geometry for a triangle.
            Vertex[] triangleVertices = new Vertex[]
            {
                    new Vertex() {position=new Vector3(0.0f, 0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f ),color=new Vector4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ) },
                    new Vertex() {position=new Vector3(0.25f, -0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f),color=new Vector4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f) },
                    new Vertex() {position=new Vector3(-0.25f, -0.25f * aspectRatio, 0.0f),color=new Vector4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) },
            };

            int vertexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(triangleVertices);

            // Note: using upload heaps to transfer static data like vert buffers is not
            // recommended. Every time the GPU needs it, the upload heap will be marshalled
            // over. Please read up on Default Heap usage. An upload heap is used here for
            // code simplicity and because there are very few verts to actually transfer.
            vertexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(vertexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            // Copy the triangle data to the vertex buffer.
            IntPtr pVertexDataBegin = vertexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pVertexDataBegin, triangleVertices, 0, triangleVertices.Length);
            vertexBuffer.Unmap(0);

            // Initialize the vertex buffer view.
            vertexBufferView = new VertexBufferView();
            vertexBufferView.BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress;
            vertexBufferView.StrideInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf<Vertex>();
            vertexBufferView.SizeInBytes = vertexBufferSize;

            // Command lists are created in the recording state, but there is nothing
            // to record yet. The main loop expects it to be closed, so close it now.
            commandList.Close();

            constantBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(1024 * 64), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            //// Describe and create a constant buffer view.
            ConstantBufferViewDescription cbvDesc = new ConstantBufferViewDescription()
            {
                BufferLocation = constantBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress,
                SizeInBytes = (Utilities.SizeOf<ConstantBuffer>() + 255) & ~255
            };
            device.CreateConstantBufferView(cbvDesc, constantBufferViewHeap.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart);

            // Initialize and map the constant buffers. We don't unmap this until the
            // app closes. Keeping things mapped for the lifetime of the resource is okay.
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,-5,5),new Vector4(1,0,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,-5,-5),new Vector4(1,0,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,-5,-5),new Vector4(1,0,1,1)),
                //LEFT
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,-5,5),new Vector4(1,0,0,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,5,5),new Vector4(1,0,0,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,5,-5),new Vector4(1,0,0,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,-5,-5),new Vector4(1,0,0,1)),
                //RIGHT
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,-5,5),new Vector4(1,1,0,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,5,5),new Vector4(1,1,0,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,5,-5),new Vector4(1,1,0,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,-5,-5),new Vector4(1,1,0,1)),
                //FRONT
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,5,5),new Vector4(0,1,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,5,5),new Vector4(0,1,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,-5,5),new Vector4(0,1,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,-5,5),new Vector4(0,1,1,1)),
                //BACK
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,5,-5),new Vector4(0,0,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,5,-5),new Vector4(0,0,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(5,-5,-5),new Vector4(0,0,1,1)),
                new Vertex(new Vector3(-5,-5,-5),new Vector4(0,0,1,1))
            };

            int vertexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(vertices);

            // Note: using upload heaps to transfer static data like vert buffers is not
            // recommended. Every time the GPU needs it, the upload heap will be marshalled
            // over. Please read up on Default Heap usage. An upload heap is used here for
            // code simplicity and because there are very few verts to actually transfer.
            vertexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(vertexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            // Copy the triangle data to the vertex buffer.
            IntPtr pVertexDataBegin = vertexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pVertexDataBegin, vertices, 0, vertices.Length);
            vertexBuffer.Unmap(0);

            // Initialize the vertex buffer view.
            vertexBufferView = new VertexBufferView();
            vertexBufferView.BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress;
            vertexBufferView.StrideInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf<Vertex>();
            vertexBufferView.SizeInBytes = vertexBufferSize;

            //Create Index Buffer
            //Indices
            int[] indices = new int[]
            {
                0,1,2,0,2,3,
                4,6,5,4,7,6,
                8,9,10,8,10,11,
                12,14,13,12,15,14,
                16,18,17,16,19,18,
                20,21,22,20,22,23
            };
            int indexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(indices);

            indexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(indexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            // Copy the triangle data to the vertex buffer.
            IntPtr pIndexDataBegin = indexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pIndexDataBegin, indices, 0, indices.Length);
            indexBuffer.Unmap(0);

            // Initialize the index buffer view.
            indexBufferView = new IndexBufferView();
            indexBufferView.BufferLocation = indexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress;
            indexBufferView.Format = Format.R32_UInt;
            indexBufferView.SizeInBytes = indexBufferSize;

            //constant Buffer for each cubes
            constantBufferViewHeap = device.CreateDescriptorHeap(new DescriptorHeapDescription()
            {
                DescriptorCount = NumCubes,
                Type = DescriptorHeapType.ConstantBufferViewShaderResourceViewUnorderedAccessView,
                Flags = DescriptorHeapFlags.ShaderVisible
            });

            int constantBufferSize = (Utilities.SizeOf<Transform>() + 255) & ~255;
            constantBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(constantBufferSize * NumCubes), ResourceStates.GenericRead);
            constantBufferDescriptorSize = device.GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(DescriptorHeapType.ConstantBufferViewShaderResourceViewUnorderedAccessView);

            //First cube
            ConstantBufferViewDescription cbvDesc = new ConstantBufferViewDescription()
            {
                BufferLocation = constantBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress,
                SizeInBytes = constantBufferSize
            };

            CpuDescriptorHandle cbHandleHeapStart = constantBufferViewHeap.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart;

            for (int i = 0; i < NumCubes; i++)
            {
                device.CreateConstantBufferView(cbvDesc, cbHandleHeapStart);
                cbvDesc.BufferLocation += Utilities.SizeOf<Transform>();
                cbHandleHeapStart += constantBufferDescriptorSize;
            }

            InitBundles();
        }

        private void LoadMesh(CpuDescriptorHandle heapStart)
        {
            SamplerStateDescription samplerDesc = new SamplerStateDescription()
            {
                Filter = Filter.ComparisonMinMagMipLinear,
                AddressU = TextureAddressMode.Wrap,
                AddressV = TextureAddressMode.Wrap,
                AddressW = TextureAddressMode.Wrap,
                MinimumLod = float.MinValue,
                MaximumLod = float.MaxValue,
                MipLodBias = 0,
                MaximumAnisotropy = 0,
                ComparisonFunction = Comparison.Never

            };
            var heapPosition = heapStart;

            // Load model from obj.
            var importer = new Assimp.AssimpContext();
            var scene = importer.ImportFile(@"../../../Models/lara/lara.obj", PostProcessSteps.GenerateSmoothNormals | PostProcessSteps.FlipUVs | PostProcessSteps.PreTransformVertices);

            Vertex[] vertices = new Vertex[scene.Meshes.Sum(m => m.VertexCount)];
            int[] indices = new int[scene.Meshes.Sum(m => m.FaceCount * 3)];
            faceCounts = new List<int>();

            int vertexOffSet = 0;
            int indexOffSet = 0;
            foreach (var mesh in scene.Meshes)
            {
                var positions = mesh.Vertices;
                var normals = mesh.Normals;
                var texs = mesh.TextureCoordinateChannels[0];
                for (int i = 0; i < mesh.VertexCount; i++)
                {
                    vertices[vertexOffSet + i] = new Vertex()
                    {
                        position = new Vector3(positions[i].X, positions[i].Y, positions[i].Z),
                        normal = new Vector3(normals[i].X, normals[i].Y, normals[i].Z),
                        textureCoordinate = new Vector3(texs[i].X, texs[i].Y, texs[i].Z)
                    };
                }

                var faces = mesh.Faces;
                for (int i = 0; i < mesh.FaceCount; i++)
                {
                    indices[i * 3 + indexOffSet] = (int)faces[i].Indices[0] + vertexOffSet;
                    indices[i * 3 + 1 + indexOffSet] = (int)faces[i].Indices[1] + vertexOffSet;
                    indices[i * 3 + 2 + indexOffSet] = (int)faces[i].Indices[2] + vertexOffSet;
                }

                faceCounts.Add(mesh.FaceCount * 3);
                vertexOffSet += mesh.VertexCount;
                indexOffSet += mesh.FaceCount * 3;

                string textureName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(scene.Materials[mesh.MaterialIndex].TextureDiffuse.FilePath);
                var texResource = TextureUtilities.CreateTextureFromDDS(device, @"../../../Models/lara/" + textureName);
                textures.Add(texResource);

                int D3D12_DEFAULT_SHADER_4_COMPONENT_MAPPING = 5768;
                ShaderResourceViewDescription desc = new ShaderResourceViewDescription
                {
                    Dimension = ShaderResourceViewDimension.Texture2D,
                    Format = texResource.Description.Format,
                    Shader4ComponentMapping = D3D12_DEFAULT_SHADER_4_COMPONENT_MAPPING,
                };
                desc.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1;
                desc.Texture2D.MostDetailedMip = 0;
                desc.Texture2D.ResourceMinLODClamp = 0;

                device.CreateShaderResourceView(texResource, desc, heapStart);
                heapStart += constantBufferDescriptorSize;
            }

            int vertexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(vertices);

            // Note: using upload heaps to transfer static data like vert buffers is not
            // recommended. Every time the GPU needs it, the upload heap will be marshalled
            // over. Please read up on Default Heap usage. An upload heap is used here for
            // code simplicity and because there are very few verts to actually transfer.
            vertexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(vertexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            // Copy the triangle data to the vertex buffer.
            IntPtr pVertexDataBegin = vertexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pVertexDataBegin, vertices, 0, vertices.Length);
            vertexBuffer.Unmap(0);

            // Initialize the vertex buffer view.
            vertexBufferView = new VertexBufferView();
            vertexBufferView.BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress;
            vertexBufferView.StrideInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf<Vertex>();
            vertexBufferView.SizeInBytes = vertexBufferSize;

            //Create Index Buffer
            int indexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(indices);
            indexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(indexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);

            // Copy the triangle data to the vertex buffer.
            IntPtr pIndexDataBegin = indexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pIndexDataBegin, indices, 0, indices.Length);
            indexBuffer.Unmap(0);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f , 1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,0f)} ,
                //BOTTOM
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f ,-1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,1f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f ,-1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,1f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f ,-1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f ,-1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,0f)} ,
                //LEFT
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f ,-1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,1f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f , 1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f , 1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f ,-1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,1f)} ,
                //RIGHT
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f ,-1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,1f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f , 1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f , 1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f ,-1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,1f)} ,
                //FRONT
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f , 1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f , 1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f ,-1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,1f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f ,-1f , 1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,1f)} ,
                //BACK
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f , 1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f , 1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,0f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(1f ,-1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(1f ,1f)} ,
                new Vertex() {Position = new Vector3(-1f ,-1f ,-1f) , TexCoord = new Vector2(0f ,1f)}
            };

            int vertexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(triangleVertices);

            vertexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(vertexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);
            IntPtr pVertexDataBegin = vertexBuffer.Map(0);
            Utilities.Write(pVertexDataBegin, triangleVertices, 0, triangleVertices.Length);
            vertexBuffer.Unmap(0);

            vertexBufferView = new VertexBufferView();
            vertexBufferView.BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress;
            vertexBufferView.StrideInBytes = Utilities.SizeOf<Vertex>();
            vertexBufferView.SizeInBytes = vertexBufferSize;

            // build index buffer

            var triangleIndexes = new uint[]
            {
                0,1,2,
                0,2,3,

                4,6,5,
                4,7,6,

                8,9,10,
                8,10,11,

                12,14,13,
                12,15,14,

                16,18,17,
                16,19,18,

                20,21,22,
                20,22,23
            };

            int indexBufferSize = Utilities.SizeOf(triangleIndexes);

            indexBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource(new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(indexBufferSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead);