C++ IDXGIFactory1::MakeWindowAssociation方法代码示例

void RenderContext::init(s32 width, s32 height, s32 refresh_rate, PlatformWindow *window) {
	pp = (PlatformPacket *)malloc(sizeof(PlatformPacket));
	memset(pp, 0, sizeof(PlatformPacket));
	DXGI_MODE_DESC buffer_desc = {0};
	buffer_desc.Width = width;
	buffer_desc.Height = height;
	buffer_desc.RefreshRate.Numerator = refresh_rate;
	buffer_desc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
	buffer_desc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
	buffer_desc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
	buffer_desc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED  ;
	
	SDL_SysWMinfo win32_info = {0};
	SDL_GetWindowWMInfo((SDL_Window *)window->handle, &win32_info);
	
	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swap_chain_desc = {0};
	swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc = buffer_desc;
	swap_chain_desc.SampleDesc.Count =  1;
	swap_chain_desc.SampleDesc.Quality =  0;
	swap_chain_desc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
	swap_chain_desc.BufferCount = 1; // NOTE(nathan): double buffering
	swap_chain_desc.OutputWindow = win32_info.info.win.window;
	swap_chain_desc.Windowed = true;
	swap_chain_desc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
	swap_chain_desc.Flags = D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG; // NOTE(nathan): possible DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH
	
	HRESULT error = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(0, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, 0, 0, 0, 0, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, 
														  &swap_chain_desc, &pp->swap_chain, &pp->device, 0, &pp->device_context);
	
	
	// NOTE(nathan): disable alt-enter fullscreen
	IDXGIFactory1 *factory = 0;
	if(SUCCEEDED(pp->swap_chain->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), (void **)&factory))) {
		factory->MakeWindowAssociation(win32_info.info.win.window, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER|DXGI_MWA_NO_PRINT_SCREEN );
		factory->Release();
	}
	
	resizeBuffer(width, height);
	
	error = pp->device->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&pp->debug_interface));
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.BufferCount = 1;

        hr = dxgiFactory2->CreateSwapChainForHwnd( g_pd3dDevice, g_hWnd, &sd, nullptr, nullptr, &g_pSwapChain1 );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = g_pSwapChain1->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGISwapChain), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pSwapChain) );
        }

        dxgiFactory2->Release();
    }
    else
    {
        // DirectX 11.0 systems
        DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
        ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
        sd.BufferCount = 1;
        sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;
        sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;
        sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;
        sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.Windowed = TRUE;

        hr = dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain( g_pd3dDevice, &sd, &g_pSwapChain );
    }

    // Note this tutorial doesn't handle full-screen swapchains so we block the ALT+ENTER shortcut
    dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation( g_hWnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER );

    dxgiFactory->Release();

    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    // Create a render target view
    ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
    hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), reinterpret_cast<void**>( &pBackBuffer ) );
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( pBackBuffer, nullptr, &g_pRenderTargetView );
    pBackBuffer->Release();
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    g_pImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &g_pRenderTargetView, nullptr );

    // Setup the viewport
    D3D11_VIEWPORT vp;
    vp.Width = (FLOAT)width;
    vp.Height = (FLOAT)height;
    vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;
    vp.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
    vp.TopLeftX = 0;
    vp.TopLeftY = 0;
    g_pImmediateContext->RSSetViewports( 1, &vp );

    // Compile the vertex shader
    ID3DBlob* pVSBlob = nullptr;
    hr = CompileShaderFromFile( L"Tutorial02.fx", "VS", "vs_4_0", &pVSBlob );

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
    IDXGIFactory1* dxgiFactory = nullptr;
    {
        IDXGIDevice* dxgiDevice = nullptr;
        hr = g_pd3dDevice->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGIDevice), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiDevice) );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            IDXGIAdapter* adapter = nullptr;
            hr = dxgiDevice->GetAdapter(&adapter);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
            {
                hr = adapter->GetParent( __uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiFactory) );
                adapter->Release();
            }
            dxgiDevice->Release();
        }
    }
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    // Create swap chain
    IDXGIFactory2* dxgiFactory2 = nullptr;
    hr = dxgiFactory->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGIFactory2), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiFactory2) );
    if ( dxgiFactory2 )
    {
        // DirectX 11.1 or later
        hr = g_pd3dDevice->QueryInterface( __uuidof(ID3D11Device1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pd3dDevice1) );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            (void) g_pImmediateContext->QueryInterface( __uuidof(ID3D11DeviceContext1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pImmediateContext1) );
        }

        DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 sd = {};
        sd.Width = width;
        sd.Height = height;
        sd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.BufferCount = 1;

        hr = dxgiFactory2->CreateSwapChainForHwnd( g_pd3dDevice, g_hWnd, &sd, nullptr, nullptr, &g_pSwapChain1 );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = g_pSwapChain1->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGISwapChain), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pSwapChain) );
        }

        dxgiFactory2->Release();
    }
    else
    {
        // DirectX 11.0 systems
        DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd = {};
        sd.BufferCount = 1;
        sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;
        sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;
        sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;
        sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.Windowed = TRUE;

        hr = dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain( g_pd3dDevice, &sd, &g_pSwapChain );
    }

    // Note this tutorial doesn't handle full-screen swapchains so we block the ALT+ENTER shortcut
    dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation( g_hWnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER );

    dxgiFactory->Release();

    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    // Create a render target view
    ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
    hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), reinterpret_cast<void**>( &pBackBuffer ) );
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( pBackBuffer, nullptr, &g_pRenderTargetView );
    pBackBuffer->Release();
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    g_pImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &g_pRenderTargetView, nullptr );

    // Setup the viewport
    D3D11_VIEWPORT vp;
    vp.Width = (FLOAT)width;
    vp.Height = (FLOAT)height;
    vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;
    vp.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
    vp.TopLeftX = 0;
    vp.TopLeftY = 0;
    g_pImmediateContext->RSSetViewports( 1, &vp );

    return S_OK;
}

bool D3DClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, bool vsync, HWND hwnd, bool fullscreen, float screenDepth, float screenNear){
	HRESULT hr;
	float fov, screenAspect;

	m_vsync_enabled = vsync;
	m_featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;

	D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverTypes[] = {
		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP,
		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE,
	};
	UINT numDriverTypes = ARRAYSIZE(driverTypes);
	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] = {
		//D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1,
		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,
	};
	UINT numFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE(featureLevels);

	for (int driverTypeIndex = 0; driverTypeIndex < numDriverTypes; driverTypeIndex++){
		m_driverType = driverTypes[driverTypeIndex];
		hr = D3D11CreateDevice(NULL, m_driverType, NULL, 0, featureLevels, numFeatureLevels, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &m_device, &m_featureLevel, &m_deviceContext);
		if (hr == E_INVALIDARG){
			hr = D3D11CreateDevice(NULL, m_driverType, NULL, 0, &featureLevels[1], numFeatureLevels - 1, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &m_device, &m_featureLevel, &m_deviceContext);
		}
		if (SUCCEEDED(hr)){
			break;
		}
	}
	if (FAILED(hr)){
		return false;
	}

	IDXGIFactory1* factory = 0;
	IDXGIDevice* device = 0;
	hr = m_device->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIDevice), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&device));
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr)){
		IDXGIAdapter* adapter = 0;
		hr = device->GetAdapter(&adapter);
		if (SUCCEEDED(hr)){
			hr = adapter->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&factory));
			adapter->Release();
		}
		device->Release();
	}
	if (FAILED(hr)){
		return false;
	}

	IDXGIFactory2* factory2 = 0;
	hr = factory->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory2), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&factory2));
	if (factory2){
		hr = m_device->QueryInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11Device1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&m_device1));
		if (SUCCEEDED(hr)){
			(void)m_deviceContext->QueryInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11DeviceContext1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&m_deviceContext1));
		}
		DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 sd;
		ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
		sd.Width = screenWidth;
		sd.Height = screenHeight;
		sd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
		sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
		sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
		sd.BufferCount = 1;
		hr = factory2->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(m_device, hwnd, &sd, NULL, NULL, &m_swapChain1);
		if (SUCCEEDED(hr)){
			m_swapChain = NULL;
			hr = m_swapChain1->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGISwapChain), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&m_swapChain));
		}
		factory2->Release();
	}
	else{
		DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
		ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
		sd.BufferCount = 1;
		sd.BufferDesc.Width = screenWidth;
		sd.BufferDesc.Height = screenHeight;
		sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
		sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
		sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
		sd.OutputWindow = hwnd;
		sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
		sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
		sd.Windowed = TRUE;
		hr = factory->CreateSwapChain(m_device, &sd, &m_swapChain);
	}
	factory->MakeWindowAssociation(hwnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER);
	factory->Release();
	if (FAILED(hr)){
		return false;
	}

	ID3D11Texture2D* backBuffer = 0;
	hr = m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&backBuffer));
	if (FAILED(hr)){
		return false;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
		}

		chosenAdapterName = adapterNames[chosenAdapter];
		hr = CreateTheDevice(adapters[chosenAdapter]);
		for (int i = 0; i < (int)adapters.size(); i++) {
			adapters[i]->Release();
		}
	}

	if (FAILED(hr)) {
		const char *defaultError = "Your GPU does not appear to support Direct3D 11.\n\nWould you like to try again using Direct3D 9 instead?";
		I18NCategory *err = GetI18NCategory("Error");

		std::wstring error;

		if (result == LoadD3D11Error::FAIL_NO_COMPILER) {
			error = ConvertUTF8ToWString(err->T("D3D11CompilerMissing", "D3DCompiler_47.dll not found. Please install. Or press Yes to try again using Direct3D9 instead."));
		} else if (result == LoadD3D11Error::FAIL_NO_D3D11) {
			error = ConvertUTF8ToWString(err->T("D3D11Missing", "Your operating system version does not include D3D11. Please run Windows Update.\n\nPress Yes to try again using Direct3D9 instead."));
		}

		error = ConvertUTF8ToWString(err->T("D3D11NotSupported", defaultError));
		std::wstring title = ConvertUTF8ToWString(err->T("D3D11InitializationError", "Direct3D 11 initialization error"));
		bool yes = IDYES == MessageBox(hWnd_, error.c_str(), title.c_str(), MB_ICONERROR | MB_YESNO);
		if (yes) {
			// Change the config to D3D9 and restart.
			g_Config.iGPUBackend = (int)GPUBackend::DIRECT3D9;
			g_Config.sFailedGPUBackends.clear();
			g_Config.Save("save_d3d9_fallback");

			W32Util::ExitAndRestart();
		}
		return false;
	}

	if (FAILED(device_->QueryInterface(__uuidof (ID3D11Device1), (void **)&device1_))) {
		device1_ = nullptr;
	}

	if (FAILED(context_->QueryInterface(__uuidof (ID3D11DeviceContext1), (void **)&context1_))) {
		context1_ = nullptr;
	}

#ifdef _DEBUG
	if (SUCCEEDED(device_->QueryInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11Debug), (void**)&d3dDebug_))) {
		if (SUCCEEDED(d3dDebug_->QueryInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11InfoQueue), (void**)&d3dInfoQueue_))) {
			d3dInfoQueue_->SetBreakOnSeverity(D3D11_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_CORRUPTION, true);
			d3dInfoQueue_->SetBreakOnSeverity(D3D11_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR, true);
			d3dInfoQueue_->SetBreakOnSeverity(D3D11_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING, true);
		}
	}
#endif

	draw_ = Draw::T3DCreateD3D11Context(device_, context_, device1_, context1_, featureLevel_, hWnd_, adapterNames);
	SetGPUBackend(GPUBackend::DIRECT3D11, chosenAdapterName);
	bool success = draw_->CreatePresets();  // If we can run D3D11, there's a compiler installed. I think.
	_assert_msg_(G3D, success, "Failed to compile preset shaders");

	int width;
	int height;
	GetRes(hWnd_, width, height);

	// Obtain DXGI factory from device (since we used nullptr for pAdapter above)
	IDXGIFactory1* dxgiFactory = nullptr;
	IDXGIDevice* dxgiDevice = nullptr;
	IDXGIAdapter* adapter = nullptr;
	hr = device_->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIDevice), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiDevice));
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
		hr = dxgiDevice->GetAdapter(&adapter);
		if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
			hr = adapter->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiFactory));
			DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC desc;
			adapter->GetDesc(&desc);
			adapter->Release();
		}
		dxgiDevice->Release();
	}

	// DirectX 11.0 systems
	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
	ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
	sd.BufferCount = 1;
	sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;
	sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;
	sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
	sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
	sd.OutputWindow = hWnd_;
	sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
	sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
	sd.Windowed = TRUE;

	hr = dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(device_, &sd, &swapChain_);
	dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation(hWnd_, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER);
	dxgiFactory->Release();

	GotBackbuffer();
	return true;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
		wRect.top = 0;
		wRect.bottom = height;
		AdjustWindowRect(&wRect, wndFlags, FALSE);

		MONITORINFO monInfo;
		monInfo.cbSize = sizeof(monInfo);
		GetMonitorInfo(oDesc.Monitor, &monInfo);

		w = min(wRect.right  - wRect.left, monInfo.rcWork.right  - monInfo.rcWork.left);
		h = min(wRect.bottom - wRect.top,  monInfo.rcWork.bottom - monInfo.rcWork.top);
		x = (monInfo.rcWork.left + monInfo.rcWork.right  - w) / 2;
		y = (monInfo.rcWork.top  + monInfo.rcWork.bottom - h) / 2;
	}


	hwnd = CreateWindow("Game", str, wndFlags, x, y, w, h, HWND_DESKTOP, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	RECT rect;
	GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);

	// Create device and swap chain
	DWORD deviceFlags = D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_SINGLETHREADED;
#ifdef _DEBUG
    deviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif

	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL requested_feature_level = (api_revision == D3D11)? D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0 : (api_revision == D3D11_1)? D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1 : D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0;
	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL feature_level;
	if (FAILED(D3D11CreateDevice(dxgiAdapter, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN, NULL, deviceFlags, &requested_feature_level, 1, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &device, &feature_level, &context)))
	{
		ErrorMsg("Couldn't create D3D11 device");
		return false;
	}

	while (msaaSamples > 0)
	{
		UINT nQuality;
		if (SUCCEEDED(device->CheckMultisampleQualityLevels(backBufferFormat, msaaSamples, &nQuality)) && nQuality > 0)
		{
			if ((flags & NO_SETTING_CHANGE) == 0) antiAliasSamples = msaaSamples;
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			msaaSamples -= 2;
		}
	}
	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
	memset(&sd, 0, sizeof(sd));
	sd.BufferDesc.Width  = rect.right;
	sd.BufferDesc.Height = rect.bottom;
	sd.BufferDesc.Format = backBufferFormat;
	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate = fullScreenRefresh;
	sd.BufferUsage = /*DXGI_USAGE_BACK_BUFFER | */DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT | (sampleBackBuffer? DXGI_USAGE_SHADER_INPUT : 0);
	sd.BufferCount = 1;
	sd.OutputWindow = hwnd;
	sd.Windowed = (BOOL) (!fullscreen);
	sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
	sd.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
	sd.SampleDesc.Count = msaaSamples;
	sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;

	if (FAILED(dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(device, &sd, &swapChain)))
	{
		ErrorMsg("Couldn't create swapchain");
		return false;
	}

	// We'll handle Alt-Enter ourselves thank you very much ...
	dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation(hwnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_WINDOW_CHANGES | DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER);

	dxgiOutput->Release();
	dxgiAdapter->Release();
	dxgiFactory->Release();

	if (fullscreen)
	{
		captureMouse(!configDialog->isVisible());
	}

	renderer = new Direct3D11Renderer(device, context);

	if (!createBuffers(sampleBackBuffer))
	{
		delete renderer;
		return false;
	}
	antiAlias->selectItem(antiAliasSamples / 2);

	linearClamp = renderer->addSamplerState(LINEAR, CLAMP, CLAMP, CLAMP);
	defaultFont = renderer->addFont("../Textures/Fonts/Future.dds", "../Textures/Fonts/Future.font", linearClamp);
	blendSrcAlpha = renderer->addBlendState(SRC_ALPHA, ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
	noDepthTest  = renderer->addDepthState(false, false);
	noDepthWrite = renderer->addDepthState(true,  false);
	cullNone  = renderer->addRasterizerState(CULL_NONE);
	cullBack  = renderer->addRasterizerState(CULL_BACK);
	cullFront = renderer->addRasterizerState(CULL_FRONT);

	return true;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.BufferCount = 1;

        hr = dxgiFactory2->CreateSwapChainForHwnd( g_pd3dDevice, g_hWnd, &sd, nullptr, nullptr, &g_pSwapChain1 );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = g_pSwapChain1->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGISwapChain), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pSwapChain) );
        }

        dxgiFactory2->Release();
    }
    else
    {
        // DirectX 11.0 systems
        DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
        ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
        sd.BufferCount = 1;
        sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;
        sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;
        sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;
        sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.Windowed = TRUE;

        hr = dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain( g_pd3dDevice, &sd, &g_pSwapChain );
    }

    // Note this tutorial doesn't handle full-screen swapchains so we block the ALT+ENTER shortcut
    dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation( g_hWnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER );

    dxgiFactory->Release();

    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    // Create a render target view
    ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
    hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), reinterpret_cast<void**>( &pBackBuffer ) );
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( pBackBuffer, nullptr, &g_pRenderTargetView );
    pBackBuffer->Release();
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    // Create depth stencil texture
    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC descDepth;
    ZeroMemory( &descDepth, sizeof(descDepth) );
    descDepth.Width = width;
    descDepth.Height = height;
    descDepth.MipLevels = 1;
    descDepth.ArraySize = 1;
    descDepth.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
    descDepth.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    descDepth.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
    descDepth.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
    descDepth.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
    descDepth.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
    descDepth.MiscFlags = 0;
    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateTexture2D( &descDepth, nullptr, &g_pDepthStencil );

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

		DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 sd;
		ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
		sd.Width = mWidth;
		sd.Height = mHeight;
		sd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
		sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
		sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT | DXGI_USAGE_SHADER_INPUT | DXGI_USAGE_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
		sd.BufferCount = 1;

		hr = dxgiFactory2->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(mD3DDevice, hWnd, &sd, nullptr, nullptr, &mSwapChain1);
		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
		{
			hr = mSwapChain1->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGISwapChain), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&mSwapChain));
		}

		dxgiFactory2->Release();
	}
	else
	{
		// DirectX 11.0 systems
		DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
		ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
		sd.BufferCount = 1;
		sd.BufferDesc.Width = mWidth;
		sd.BufferDesc.Height = mHeight;
		sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
		sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
		sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT | DXGI_USAGE_SHADER_INPUT | DXGI_USAGE_UNORDERED_ACCESS;
		sd.OutputWindow = hWnd;
		sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
		sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
		sd.Windowed = TRUE;

		hr = dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(mD3DDevice, &sd, &mSwapChain);
	}

	// Note this tutorial doesn't handle full-screen swapchains so we block the ALT+ENTER shortcut
	dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation(hWnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER);
	dxgiFactory->Release();

	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		exit(hr);
	}

	// Create a render target view
	ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
	hr = mSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pBackBuffer));
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		exit(hr);
	}

	mBackBuffer = MAKE_NEW(Texture);
	mBackBuffer->Init(pBackBuffer);

	mOutputRenderTarget = MAKE_NEW(RenderTarget);
	mOutputRenderTarget->Init(mBackBuffer);

	// setup rasterizer
	SetRasterizerState(FILL_SOLID, CULL_BACK, true, 0, 0.0f, 0.0f, true, false, false, false);
	
	D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC dsDesc;
	
	dsDesc.DepthEnable = true;
	dsDesc.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
	dsDesc.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;
	dsDesc.StencilEnable = false;
	dsDesc.StencilReadMask = 0xFF;
	dsDesc.StencilWriteMask = 0xFF;
	dsDesc.FrontFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
	dsDesc.FrontFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_INCR;
	dsDesc.FrontFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
	dsDesc.FrontFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;

	// Stencil operations if pixel is back-facing
	dsDesc.BackFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
	dsDesc.BackFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_DECR;
	dsDesc.BackFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
	dsDesc.BackFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;

	// Create depth stencil state
	ID3D11DepthStencilState * pDSState;
	mD3DDevice->CreateDepthStencilState(&dsDesc, &pDSState);
	mImmediateContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(pDSState, 1);

	// Setup the viewport
	SetViewport(int2(mWidth, mHeight), 0.0f, 1.0f, int2(0, 0));

	hr = mImmediateContext->QueryInterface(__uuidof(mAnnotation), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&mAnnotation));
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		exit(hr);
	}

	mInitialized = true;
}

bool RenderSystem::init(void* windowHandle, const InitParams& params)
{
  IDXGIFactory1* factory = 0;
  IDXGIOutput* output = 0;

  DXGI_MODE_DESC modeDesc;
  ::ZeroMemory(&modeDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC));
  modeDesc.Format = params.srgbTarget ? DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_SRGB : DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
  modeDesc.Width = params.width;
  modeDesc.Height = params.height;

  if (SUCCEEDED(CreateDXGIFactory1(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), (void**)&factory)))
  {
    IDXGIAdapter1* adapter = 0;
    for (UINT i = 0; factory->EnumAdapters1(i, &adapter) != DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND; ++i)
    {
      if (adapter->CheckInterfaceSupport(__uuidof(ID3D11Device), NULL))
        break;

      adapter->Release();
    }

    D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL supportedFeatureLevels[] =
    {
      D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
    };

    UINT flags = 0;

#if defined (_DEBUG)
    flags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif // _DEBUG

    if (adapter)
    {
      if (SUCCEEDED(D3D11CreateDevice(adapter, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN, NULL, flags, supportedFeatureLevels, _countof(supportedFeatureLevels),
        D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &m_device, NULL, &m_renderContext)))
      {
        for (UINT i = 0; adapter->EnumOutputs(i, &output) != DXGI_ERROR_NOT_FOUND; ++i)
        {
          if (SUCCEEDED(output->FindClosestMatchingMode(&modeDesc, &modeDesc, m_device)))
          {
            // additional checks??
            break;
          }

          output->Release();
          output = 0;
        }

        /*if (output)
          output->Release();*/
      }

      adapter->Release();
    }

    if (m_device)
    {
      DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
      ::ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
      sd.BufferCount = 1;
      sd.BufferDesc = modeDesc;
      sd.BufferUsage = D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET;
      sd.Flags = 0;
      sd.OutputWindow = (HWND)windowHandle;
      sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
      sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
      sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
      sd.Windowed = TRUE;

      if (params.msaaSamples > 0)
      {
        UINT numLevels = 0;
        if (SUCCEEDED(m_device->CheckMultisampleQualityLevels(modeDesc.Format, params.msaaSamples, &numLevels)) && numLevels > 0)
        {
          sd.SampleDesc.Quality = numLevels-1;
          sd.SampleDesc.Count = params.msaaSamples;
        }
        else
        {
          printf("multisample quality not supported");
        }
      }

      VALIDATE(factory->CreateSwapChain(m_device, &sd, &m_swapChain));
    }

    if (params.fullscreen)
    {
      m_isFullScreen = SUCCEEDED(m_swapChain->SetFullscreenState(TRUE, output));
    }

    // setup debug queue

    factory->MakeWindowAssociation((HWND)windowHandle, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER | DXGI_MWA_NO_WINDOW_CHANGES);

    if (output)
      output->Release();

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.BufferCount = 1;

        hr = dxgiFactory2->CreateSwapChainForHwnd( g_pd3dDevice, g_hWnd, &sd, nullptr, nullptr, &g_pSwapChain1 );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = g_pSwapChain1->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGISwapChain), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pSwapChain) );
        }

        dxgiFactory2->Release();
    }
    else
    {
        // DirectX 11.0 systems
        DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;
        ZeroMemory(&sd, sizeof(sd));
        sd.BufferCount = 1;
        sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;
        sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;
        sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;
        sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.Windowed = TRUE;

        hr = dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain( g_pd3dDevice, &sd, &g_pSwapChain );
    }

    // Note this tutorial doesn't handle full-screen swapchains so we block the ALT+ENTER shortcut
    dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation( g_hWnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER );

    dxgiFactory->Release();

    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    // Create a render target view
    ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
    hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), reinterpret_cast<void**>( &pBackBuffer ) );
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( pBackBuffer, nullptr, &g_pRenderTargetView );
    pBackBuffer->Release();
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    // Create depth stencil texture
    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC descDepth;
	ZeroMemory( &descDepth, sizeof(descDepth) );
    descDepth.Width = width;
    descDepth.Height = height;
    descDepth.MipLevels = 1;
    descDepth.ArraySize = 1;
    descDepth.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
    descDepth.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    descDepth.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
    descDepth.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
    descDepth.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
    descDepth.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
    descDepth.MiscFlags = 0;
    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateTexture2D( &descDepth, nullptr, &g_pDepthStencil );