C++ strtod()用法及代码示例

strtod()是C和C++ STL中的内置函数，该函数将字符串的内容解释为浮点数，并将其值返回为双精度值。它将指针设置为指向字符串的最后一个有效字符之后的第一个字符(仅在存在字符串时)，否则将指针设置为null。

用法：

double strtod(str, &end)

参数：
str：它指定具有浮点数表示形式的字符串。
end：指定一个参数，该参数表示char *类型的已分配对象。

返回值：它返回一个双精度值(从字符串中转换)，如果无法执行有效的转换，则返回0。

以下示例程序旨在说明上述函数：

程序1:：

// C++ program to illustrate the 
// strtod() function 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <iostream> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
int main() 
{ 
    char str[] = "11.03e 0mn"; 
    char* end; 
    double number; 
  
    number = strtod(str, &end); 
    cout << "number = " << str << endl; 
    cout << "double = " << number << endl; 
    cout << "end string = " << end << endl; 
  
    return 0; 
}

输出：

number = 11.03e 0mn
double = 11.03
end string = e 0mn

程序2:：

// C++ program to illustrate the 
// strtod() function without trailing characters 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <iostream> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
int main() 
{ 
    char str[] = "4.06"; 
    char* end; 
    double number; 
  
    number = strtod(str, &end); 
    cout << "number= " << str << endl; 
    cout << "double= " << number << endl; 
  
    // If end is not Null 
    if (*end) { 
        cout << end; 
    } 
    // If end is Null 
    else { 
        cout << "null"; 
    } 
    return 0; 
}

输出：

number= 4.06
double= 4.06
null

程序3:：
strtod()函数，具有 index 和十六进制

// C++ program to illustrate the 
// strtod() function with exponents and hexadecimals 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <cstring> 
#include <iostream> 
  
using namespace std; 
int main() 
{ 
    // initialize a exponential value 
    char str[] = "-89.04e-3win gfg"; 
    char* end; 
    double number; 
  
    number = strtod(str, &end); 
    cout << "str = " << str << endl; 
    cout << "double = " << number << endl; 
    cout << "end string = " << end << endl 
         << endl; 
  
    // initialize a new hexadecimal value 
    strcpy(str, "1998gupta.1204ishwar"); 
  
    number = strtod(str, &end); 
    cout << "str = " << str << endl; 
    cout << "double = " << number << endl; 
    cout << "end string = " << end << endl; 
  
    return 0; 
}

输出：

str = -89.04e-3win gfg
double = -0.08904
end string = win gfg

str = 1998gupta.1204ishwar
double = 1998
end string = gupta.1204ishwar

程序4:：

// C++ program to illustrate the 
// strtod() function for Infinity and NaN 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <iostream> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
int main() 
{ 
    char* end; 
  
    cout << "Infinity"
         << " to double = " 
         << strtod("infinity", &end) << endl; 
    cout << "end string = " << end << endl 
         << endl; 
  
    cout << "Infpqrs"
         << " to double = " <<  
         strtod("Infpqrs", &end) << endl; 
    cout << "end string = " << end << endl 
         << endl; 
  
    cout << "NaN11x"
         << " to double = " 
         << strtod("NaN11x", &end) << endl; 
    cout << "end string = " << end << endl 
         << endl; 
  
    return 0; 
}

输出：

Infinity to double = inf
end string = 

Infpqrs to double = inf
end string = pqrs

NaN11x to double = nan
end string = 11x

程序5:：
strtod()函数具有领先的空白

// C++ program to illustrate the 
// strtod() function with leading whitespace 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <iostream> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
int main() 
{ 
    char* end; 
  
    cout << "99.99"
         << " to double = " 
         << strtod(" 19.99", &end) << endl; 
    // end pointer is set to null 
    cout << "end string = " 
         << end << endl 
         << endl; 
  
    // Returns 0 because of invalid conversion 
    cout << "xyz1.80"
         << " to double = " 
         << strtod("xyz1.80", &end) << endl; 
    cout << "end string = " << end << endl 
         << endl; 
  
    return 0; 
}

输出：

99.99 to double = 19.99
end string = 

xyz1.80 to double = 0
end string = xyz1.80

相关用法

注：本文由纯净天空筛选整理自IshwarGupta大神的英文原创作品 strtod() function in C/C++。非经特殊声明，原始代码版权归原作者所有，本译文未经允许或授权，请勿转载或复制。