Python shutil.copy2()用法及代码示例

Python中的Shutil模块提供了许多对文件和文件集合进行高级操作的函数。它属于Python的标准实用程序模块。此模块有助于自动执行文件和目录的复制和删除过程。

shutil.copy2()Python中的方法用于将源文件的内容复制到目标文件或目录。此方法与shutil.copy()方法，但它还会尝试保留文件的元数据。

源必须代表文件，但目标可以是文件或目录。如果目标是目录，则文件将使用源中的基本文件名复制到目标中。另外，目的地必须是可写的。如果目标是文件并且已经存在，则将其替换为源文件，否则将创建一个新文件。

用法： shutil.copy2(source, destination, *, follow_symlinks = True)

参数：
source：代表源文件路径的字符串。
destination：代表目标文件或目录路径的字符串。
follow_symlinks(可选)：此参数的默认值为True。如果为False，并且source表示符号链接，则它将尝试将所有元数据从源符号链接复制到newly-created目标符号链接。此函数取决于平台。

Note:参数列表中的“ *”表示以下所有参数(此处为“ follow_symlinks”)仅是关键字参数，可以使用其名称(而不是位置参数)来提供。

返回类型：此方法返回一个表示新创建文件路径的字符串。

代码1：使用shutil.copy2()方法将文件从源复制到目标

# Python program to explain shutil.copy2() method  
    
# importing os module  
import os 
  
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
# path 
path = '/home/User/Documents'
  
# List files and directories 
# in '/home/User/Documents' 
print("Before copying file:") 
print(os.listdir(path)) 
  
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Print the metadeta 
# of source file 
metadata = os.stat(source) 
print("Metadata:", metadata, "\n") 
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file(copy).txt"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
dest = shutil.copy2(source, destination) 
  
# List files and directories 
# in "/home / User / Documents" 
print("After copying file:") 
print(os.listdir(path)) 
  
# Print the metadata 
# of the destination file 
matadata = os.stat(destination) 
print("Metadata:", metadata) 
  
# Print path of newly  
# created file 
print("Destination path:", dest)

输出：

Before copying file:
['hrithik.png', 'test.py', 'sample.txt', 'file.text', 'copy.cpp']
Metadata:  os.stat_result(st_mode=33188, st_ino=801113, st_dev=2056, st_nlink=1,
st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=84, st_atime=1558866178, st_mtime=1558866156, 
st_ctime=1558866156) 

After copying file:
['hrithik.png', 'test.py', 'sample.txt', 'file.text', 'file(copy).txt', 'copy.cpp']
Metadata: os.stat_result(st_mode=33188, st_ino=801111, st_dev=2056, st_nlink=1,
st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=84, st_atime=1558866178, st_mtime=1558866156,
st_ctime=1558933947)
Destination path: /home/User/Documents/file(copy).txt

代码2：如果目的地是目录

# Python program to explain shutil.copy2() method  
    
# importing os module  
import os 
  
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Desktop/"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
dest = shutil.copy2(source, destination) 
  
# List files and directories 
# in "/home / User / Desktop" 
print("After copying file:") 
print(os.listdir(destination)) 
  
# Print path of newly  
# created file 
print("Destination path:", dest)

输出：

After copying file:
['input.txt', 'GeeksForGeeks', 'output.txt', 'file.txt', 'web.py', 'tree.cpp']
Destination path: /home/User/Desktop/file.txt

代码3：使用shutil.copy2()方法时可能出现的错误

# Python program to explain shutil.copy2() method  
    
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
  
# If the source and destination 
# represents the same file 
# 'SameFileError' exception 
# will be raised 
  
# If the destination is 
# not writable 
# 'PermissionError' exception 
# will be raised 
  
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
shutil.copy2(source, destintion)

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "try.py", line 26, in 
    dest = shutil.copy(source, destination)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 241, in copy2
    copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/shutil.py", line 104, in copyfile
    raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst))
shutil.SameFileError: '/home/User/Desktop/file.txt' and  '/home/User/Desktop/file.txt'
are the same file

代码4：使用shutil.copy2()方法处理错误

# Python program to explain shutil.copy2() method  
    
# importing shutil module  
import shutil 
  
# Source path 
source = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Destination path 
destination = "/home/User/Documents/file.txt"
  
# Copy the content of 
# source to destination 
  
try: 
    shutil.copy2(source, destination) 
    print("File copied successfully.") 
  
# If source and destination are same 
except shutil.SameFileError: 
    print("Source and destination represents the same file.") 
  
# If there is any permission issue 
except PermissionError: 
    print("Permission denied.") 
  
# For other errors 
except: 
    print("Error occurred while copying file.")

输出：

Source and destination represents the same file.

参考： https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html

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注：本文由纯净天空筛选整理自ihritik大神的英文原创作品 Python | shutil.copy2() method。非经特殊声明，原始代码版权归原作者所有，本译文未经允许或授权，请勿转载或复制。