Python os.path.expanduser()用法及代码示例

Python中的OS模块提供了与操作系统进行交互的函数。操作系统属于Python的标准实用程序模块。该模块提供了使用依赖于操作系统的函数的便携式方法。 os.path模块是Python中OS模块的子模块，用于通用路径名操作。

os.path.expanduser()Python中的方法用于在用户主目录的给定路径中扩展初始路径组件〜(波浪号)或〜user。

在Unix平台上，如果已设置，则将初始〜替换为HOME环境变量的值。除此以外，os.path.expanduser()方法搜索用户使用内置模块在密码目录中的主目录密码。包含首字母的路径〜用户直接在密码目录中查找该组件。

在Windows平台上，如果已设置，则将初始〜替换为HOME和USERPROFILE环境变量的值。否则，将使用HOMEPATH和HOMEDRIVE环境变量。而包含一个初始〜user组件的Path是通过从以上派生的路径中用〜user替换最后一个目录组件来处理的。

用法： os.path.expanduser(path)

参数：
path：代表文件系统路径的path-like对象。 path-like对象是表示路径的字符串或字节对象。

返回类型：此方法返回一个字符串值，该字符串值表示在给定路径中扩展初始路径分量〜或〜user后的路径。

代码1：使用os.path.expanduser()方法(在Unix上)

# Python program to explain os.path.expanduser() method  
    
# importing os.path module  
import os.path 
  
  
# Path 
path = "~/file.txt"
  
# Expand an intial ~ component 
# in the given path 
# using os.path.expanduser() method 
full_path = os.path.expanduser(path) 
  
# print the path after 
# expanding the intial ~ component 
# in the given path 
print(full_path) 
  
  
# Change the value of 
# HOME environment variable 
os.environ["HOME"] = "/home / GeeksForGeeks"
  
  
# Now, Expand the intial ~ component 
# in the same path 
# using os.path.expanduser() method 
full_path = os.path.expanduser(path) 
  
# print the path after 
# expanding intial ~ component 
# in the given path 
print(full_path) 
  
  
# While expansion, An initial 
# ~user component is looked 
# up directly in the password directory. 
  
# Path having an initial 
# ~user component 
path = "~ihritik / file.txt"
  
# Expand the intial ~user 
# component in the given path 
# using os.path.expanduser() method 
full_path = os.path.expanduser(path) 
  
# print the path after 
# expanding the intial ~user 
# component in the given path 
print(full_path)

输出：

/home/ihritik/file.txt
/home/GeeksForGeeks/file.txt
/home/ihritik/file.txt

代码2：使用os.path.expanduser()方法(在Windows上)

# Python program to explain os.path.expandvars() method  
     
# importing os.path module  
import os.path 
   
# On Windows % name % expansions 
# are supported in addition to 
# $name and ${name} 
   
# Path 1 
path1 = R"% HOMEPATH %\Directory\file.txt"
   
# Path 2 
path2 = R"C:\Users\$USERNAME\Directory\file.txt"
   
# Path 3 
path3 = R"${TEMP}\file.txt"
   
# Expand the environment variables 
# with their corresponding  
# value in the given paths   
exp_var1 = os.path.expandvars(path1) 
exp_var2 = os.path.expandvars(path2) 
exp_var3 = os.path.expandvars(path3) 
   
# Print the given paths with 
# environment variables expanded 
print(exp_var1) 
print(exp_var2) 
print(exp_var3) 
   
   
# In the above example  
# os.path.expandvars() method 
# replaced the environment variables 
# 'HOMEPATH', 'USERNAME' and 'TEMP' 
# with their corresponding values

输出：

\\Users\\Hritik\\\Directory\\file.txt
C:\\Users\\Hritik\\\Directory\\file.txt
C:\\Users\\Hritik\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\file.txt

代码3：3：如果环境变量不存在

# Python program to explain os.path.expandvars() method  
     
# importing os.path module  
import os.path 
   
# If environment variable  
# is malformed or does not exists 
# then the given path will be 
# left unchanged 
   
# Path 
path = R"${MYHOME}/Directory / file.txt"
   
# Expand the environment variables 
# with their corresponding  
# value in the given paths   
exp_var = os.path.expandvars(path) 
   
# Print the given patha with 
# environment variables expanded 
print(exp_var) 
   
   
# As 'MYHOME' environment variable 
# does not exists so 
# os.path.expandvars() method 
# will return the given path 
# unchanged

输出：

${MYHOME}/Directory/file.txt

参考： https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html

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注：本文由纯净天空筛选整理自ihritik大神的英文原创作品 Python | os.path.expanduser() method。非经特殊声明，原始代码版权归原作者所有，本译文未经允许或授权，请勿转载或复制。