Java Java.util.Timer用法及代码示例

Timer 类提供了一个方法调用，线程使用该方法调用来安排任务，例如在某个常规时间点后运行一段代码。每个任务可以安排运行一次或重复执行多次。每个计时器对象都与一个后台线程关联，该后台线程负责执行计时器对象的所有任务。
笔记：

• Timer 类是线程安全的。
• Timer 类使用二进制堆数据结构来存储其任务。

构造函数：

• Timer()：创建一个新的计时器
• 计时器(布尔 isDaemon)：创建一个新的计时器，其关联的线程可以指定为守护进程运行
• 计时器(字符串名称)：创建一个新的计时器，其关联的线程具有指定的名称
• 计时器(字符串名称，布尔值 isDaemon)：创建一个新的计时器，其关联的线程具有指定的名称，并且可以指定为作为守护进程运行

声明：

public class Timer
        extends Object

从类 java.lang.Object 继承的方法

• clone
• equals
• finalize
• getClass
• hashCode
• notify
• notifyAll
• toString
• wait

方法：

• cancel(): java.util.Timer.cancel()终止此计时器，丢弃所有当前计划的任务。不干扰当前正在执行的任务(如果存在)。一旦计时器终止，其执行线程就会正常终止，并且不能在其上调度更多任务
  用法：

public void cancel()

• purge(): java.util.Timer.purge()从此计时器的任务队列中删除所有已取消的任务
  用法：

public int purge()
返回：
the number of tasks removed from the queue

• 时间表(TimerTask任务，日期时间)：java.util.Timer.schedule(TimerTask任务，日期时间)安排指定的任务在指定的时间执行
  用法：

public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date time)
参数：
task - task to be scheduled.
time - time at which task is to be executed.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if time.getTime() is negative.
IllegalStateException - if the task was already scheduled or cancelled, 
the timer was cancelled, or timer thread terminated.
NullPointerException - if task or time is null

• 时间表(TimerTask任务，日期firstTime，长周期)：java.util.Timer.schedule(TimerTask任务，日期firstTime，长周期)安排指定任务从指定时间开始重复执行fixed-delay
  用法：

public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period)
参数：
task - task to be scheduled.
firstTime - First time at which task is to be executed.
period - time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if firstTime.getTime() < 0,
 or period <= 0
IllegalStateException - if task was already scheduled 
or cancelled, timer was cancelled, 
or timer thread terminated.
NullPointerException - if task or firstTime is null

// Java program to demonstrate
//schedule method calls of Timer class
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
class Helper extends TimerTask
{
    public static int i = 0;
    public void run()
    {
        System.out.println("Timer ran " + ++i);
    }
}
public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
         
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        TimerTask task = new Helper();
         
        timer.schedule(task, 2000, 5000);
         
    }
}

输出：

Timer ran 1
Timer ran 2
Timer ran 3
Timer ran 4
Timer ran 5
.
.
.

• Schedule(TimerTask任务，长延迟)：java.util.Timer.schedule(TimerTask任务，长延迟)安排指定的任务在指定的延迟后执行
  用法：

public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay)
参数：
task - task to be scheduled.
delay - delay in milliseconds before task is to be executed.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if delay is negative,
or delay + System.currentTimeMillis() is negative.
IllegalStateException - if a task was already scheduled 
or cancelled, the timer was cancelled, 
or timer thread terminated.
NullPointerException - if task is null

• Schedule(TimerTask任务，长延迟，长周期)：java.util.Timer.schedule(TimerTask任务，长延迟，长周期)安排指定的任务重复执行fixed-delay，在指定的延迟后开始用法：
  

public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay, long period)
参数：
task - task to be scheduled.
delay - delay in milliseconds before task is to be executed.
period - time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if delay < 0, 
or delay + System.currentTimeMillis() < 0, or 
period <= 0
IllegalStateException - if task was already scheduled 
or cancelled, timer was cancelled, 
or timer thread terminated.
NullPointerException - if task is null

• ScheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask任务，日期firstTime，长周期)：java.util.Timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask任务，日期firstTime，长周期)安排指定任务从指定时间开始重复执行fixed-rate用法：
  

public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period)
参数：
task - task to be scheduled.
firstTime - First time at which task is to be executed.
period - time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if firstTime.getTime() <
0 or period <= 0
IllegalStateException - if task was already scheduled
 or cancelled, timer was cancelled, 
or timer thread terminated.
NullPointerException - if task or firstTime is null

• ScheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask任务，长延迟，长周期)：java.util.Timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask任务，长延迟，长周期)安排指定的任务重复执行fixed-rate，在指定的延迟后开始用法：
  

public void scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask task, long delay, long period)
参数：
task - task to be scheduled.
delay - delay in milliseconds before task is to be executed.
period - time in milliseconds between successive task executions.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if delay < 0, 
or delay + System.currentTimeMillis() < 0, or 
period <= 0
IllegalStateException - if task was already 
scheduled or cancelled, timer was cancelled, 
or timer thread terminated.
NullPointerException - if task is null

// Java program to demonstrate
// scheduleAtFixedRate method of Timer class
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.*;
class Helper extends TimerTask
{
    public static int i = 0;
    public void run()
    {
        System.out.println("Timer ran " + ++i);
        if(i == 4)
        {
            synchronized(Test.obj)
            {
                Test.obj.notify();
            }
        }
    }
     
}
public class Test
{
    protected static Test obj;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
    {
        obj = new Test();
         
        //creating a new instance of timer class
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        TimerTask task = new Helper();
        //instance of date object for fixed-rate execution
        Date date = new Date();
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, date, 5000);
         
        System.out.println("Timer running");
        synchronized(obj)
        {
            //make the main thread wait
            obj.wait();
             
            //once timer has scheduled the task 4 times, 
            //main thread resumes
            //and terminates the timer
            timer.cancel();
             
            //purge is used to remove all cancelled 
            //tasks from the timer'stack queue
            System.out.println(timer.purge());
        }
    }
}

输出：

Timer running
Timer ran 1
Timer ran 2
Timer ran 3
Timer ran 4
0

参考：

• Oracle