Python util.b函数代码示例

 def test_two_requests(self):
     self.connect()
     self.stream.write(b("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n"))
     self.read_response()
     self.stream.write(b("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n"))
     self.read_response()
     self.close()

    def __call__(self, request):
        data = {}
        response = []
        def start_response(status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
            data["status"] = status
            data["headers"] = response_headers
            return response.append
        app_response = self.wsgi_application(
            WSGIContainer.environ(request), start_response)
        response.extend(app_response)
        body = b("").join(response)
        if hasattr(app_response, "close"):
            app_response.close()
        if not data: raise Exception("WSGI app did not call start_response")

        status_code = int(data["status"].split()[0])
        headers = data["headers"]
        header_set = set(k.lower() for (k,v) in headers)
        body = escape.utf8(body)
        if "content-length" not in header_set:
            headers.append(("Content-Length", str(len(body))))
        if "content-type" not in header_set:
            headers.append(("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8"))
        if "server" not in header_set:
            headers.append(("Server", "TornadoServer/%s" % tornado.version))

        parts = [escape.utf8("HTTP/1.1 " + data["status"] + "\r\n")]
        for key, value in headers:
            parts.append(escape.utf8(key) + b(": ") + escape.utf8(value) + b("\r\n"))
        parts.append(b("\r\n"))
        parts.append(body)
        request.write(b("").join(parts))
        request.finish()
        self._log(status_code, request)

    def test_streaming_callback(self):
        server, client = self.make_iostream_pair()
        try:
            chunks = []
            final_called = []

            def streaming_callback(data):
                chunks.append(data)
                self.stop()

            def final_callback(data):
                self.assertFalse(data)
                final_called.append(True)
                self.stop()
            server.read_bytes(6, callback=final_callback,
                              streaming_callback=streaming_callback)
            client.write(b("1234"))
            self.wait(condition=lambda: chunks)
            client.write(b("5678"))
            self.wait(condition=lambda: final_called)
            self.assertEqual(chunks, [b("1234"), b("56")])

            # the rest of the last chunk is still in the buffer
            server.read_bytes(2, callback=self.stop)
            data = self.wait()
            self.assertEqual(data, b("78"))
        finally:
            server.close()
            client.close()

 def test_escaping(self):
     self.assertRaises(ParseError, lambda: Template("{{"))
     self.assertRaises(ParseError, lambda: Template("{%"))
     self.assertEqual(Template("{{!").generate(), b("{{"))
     self.assertEqual(Template("{%!").generate(), b("{%"))
     self.assertEqual(Template("{{ 'expr' }} {{!jquery expr}}").generate(),
                      b("expr {{jquery expr}}"))

    def _on_headers(self, data):
        data = native_str(data.decode("latin1"))
        first_line, _, header_data = data.partition("\n")
        match = re.match("HTTP/1.[01] ([0-9]+) ([^\r]*)", first_line)
        assert match
        code = int(match.group(1))
        if 100 <= code < 200:
            self.stream.read_until_regex(b("\r?\n\r?\n"), self._on_headers)
            return
        else:
            self.code = code
            self.reason = match.group(2)
        self.headers = HTTPHeaders.parse(header_data)

        if "Content-Length" in self.headers:
            if "," in self.headers["Content-Length"]:
                # Proxies sometimes cause Content-Length headers to get
                # duplicated.  If all the values are identical then we can
                # use them but if they differ it's an error.
                pieces = re.split(r',\s*', self.headers["Content-Length"])
                if any(i != pieces[0] for i in pieces):
                    raise ValueError("Multiple unequal Content-Lengths: %r" %
                                     self.headers["Content-Length"])
                self.headers["Content-Length"] = pieces[0]
            content_length = int(self.headers["Content-Length"])
        else:
            content_length = None

        if self.request.header_callback is not None:
            # re-attach the newline we split on earlier
            self.request.header_callback(first_line + _)
            for k, v in self.headers.get_all():
                self.request.header_callback("%s: %s\r\n" % (k, v))
            self.request.header_callback('\r\n')

        if self.request.method == "HEAD" or self.code == 304:
            # HEAD requests and 304 responses never have content, even
            # though they may have content-length headers
            self._on_body(b(""))
            return
        if 100 <= self.code < 200 or self.code == 204:
            # These response codes never have bodies
            # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec4.html#sec4.3
            if ("Transfer-Encoding" in self.headers or
                content_length not in (None, 0)):
                raise ValueError("Response with code %d should not have body" %
                                 self.code)
            self._on_body(b(""))
            return

        if (self.request.use_gzip and
            self.headers.get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip"):
            self._decompressor = GzipDecompressor()
        if self.headers.get("Transfer-Encoding") == "chunked":
            self.chunks = []
            self.stream.read_until(b("\r\n"), self._on_chunk_length)
        elif content_length is not None:
            self.stream.read_bytes(content_length, self._on_body)
        else:
            self.stream.read_until_close(self._on_body)

 def test_cookie_tampering_future_timestamp(self):
     handler = CookieTestRequestHandler()
     # this string base64-encodes to '12345678'
     handler.set_secure_cookie('foo', binascii.a2b_hex(b('d76df8e7aefc')))
     cookie = handler._cookies['foo']
     match = re.match(b(r'12345678\|([0-9]+)\|([0-9a-f]+)'), cookie)
     self.assertTrue(match)
     timestamp = match.group(1)
     sig = match.group(2)
     self.assertEqual(
         _create_signature(handler.application.settings["cookie_secret"],
                           'foo', '12345678', timestamp),
         sig)
     # shifting digits from payload to timestamp doesn't alter signature
     # (this is not desirable behavior, just confirming that that's how it
     # works)
     self.assertEqual(
         _create_signature(handler.application.settings["cookie_secret"],
                           'foo', '1234', b('5678') + timestamp),
         sig)
     # tamper with the cookie
     handler._cookies['foo'] = utf8('1234|5678%s|%s' % (
             to_basestring(timestamp), to_basestring(sig)))
     # it gets rejected
     with ExpectLog(gen_log, "Cookie timestamp in future"):
         self.assertTrue(handler.get_secure_cookie('foo') is None)

 def test_unextended_block(self):
     loader = DictLoader(self.templates)
     name = "<script>"
     self.assertEqual(loader.load("escaped_block.html").generate(name=name),
                      b("base: &lt;script&gt;"))
     self.assertEqual(loader.load("unescaped_block.html").generate(name=name),
                      b("base: <script>"))

 def test_close_buffered_data(self):
     # Similar to the previous test, but with data stored in the OS's
     # socket buffers instead of the IOStream's read buffer.  Out-of-band
     # close notifications must be delayed until all data has been
     # drained into the IOStream buffer. (epoll used to use out-of-band
     # close events with EPOLLRDHUP, but no longer)
     #
     # This depends on the read_chunk_size being smaller than the
     # OS socket buffer, so make it small.
     server, client = self.make_iostream_pair(read_chunk_size=256)
     try:
         server.write(b("A") * 512)
         client.read_bytes(256, self.stop)
         data = self.wait()
         self.assertEqual(b("A") * 256, data)
         server.close()
         # Allow the close to propagate to the client side of the
         # connection.  Using add_callback instead of add_timeout
         # doesn't seem to work, even with multiple iterations
         self.io_loop.add_timeout(self.io_loop.time() + 0.01, self.stop)
         self.wait()
         client.read_bytes(256, self.stop)
         data = self.wait()
         self.assertEqual(b("A") * 256, data)
     finally:
         server.close()
         client.close()

    def test_delayed_close_callback(self):
        # The scenario:  Server closes the connection while there is a pending
        # read that can be served out of buffered data.  The client does not
        # run the close_callback as soon as it detects the close, but rather
        # defers it until after the buffered read has finished.
        server, client = self.make_iostream_pair()
        try:
            client.set_close_callback(self.stop)
            server.write(b("12"))
            chunks = []

            def callback1(data):
                chunks.append(data)
                client.read_bytes(1, callback2)
                server.close()

            def callback2(data):
                chunks.append(data)

            client.read_bytes(1, callback1)
            self.wait()  # stopped by close_callback
            self.assertEqual(chunks, [b("1"), b("2")])
        finally:
            server.close()
            client.close()

    def test_write_while_connecting(self):
        stream = self._make_client_iostream()
        connected = [False]

        def connected_callback():
            connected[0] = True
            self.stop()
        stream.connect(("localhost", self.get_http_port()),
                       callback=connected_callback)
        # unlike the previous tests, try to write before the connection
        # is complete.
        written = [False]

        def write_callback():
            written[0] = True
            self.stop()
        stream.write(b("GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"),
                     callback=write_callback)
        self.assertTrue(not connected[0])
        # by the time the write has flushed, the connection callback has
        # also run
        try:
            self.wait(lambda: connected[0] and written[0])
        finally:
            logging.debug((connected, written))

        stream.read_until_close(self.stop)
        data = self.wait()
        self.assertTrue(data.endswith(b("Hello")))

        stream.close()

 def test_large_read_until(self):
     # Performance test: read_until used to have a quadratic component
     # so a read_until of 4MB would take 8 seconds; now it takes 0.25
     # seconds.
     server, client = self.make_iostream_pair()
     try:
         try:
             # This test fails on pypy with ssl.  I think it's because
             # pypy's gc defeats moves objects, breaking the
             # "frozen write buffer" assumption.
             if (isinstance(server, SSLIOStream) and
                 platform.python_implementation() == 'PyPy'):
                 raise unittest.SkipTest(
                     "pypy gc causes problems with openssl")
         except AttributeError:
             # python 2.5 didn't have platform.python_implementation,
             # but there was no pypy for 2.5
             pass
         NUM_KB = 4096
         for i in xrange(NUM_KB):
             client.write(b("A") * 1024)
         client.write(b("\r\n"))
         server.read_until(b("\r\n"), self.stop)
         data = self.wait()
         self.assertEqual(len(data), NUM_KB * 1024 + 2)
     finally:
         server.close()
         client.close()

 def test_get_argument(self):
     response = self.fetch("/get_argument?foo=bar")
     self.assertEqual(response.body, b("bar"))
     response = self.fetch("/get_argument?foo=")
     self.assertEqual(response.body, b(""))
     response = self.fetch("/get_argument")
     self.assertEqual(response.body, b("default"))

 def test_multipart_form(self):
     # Encodings here are tricky:  Headers are latin1, bodies can be
     # anything (we use utf8 by default).
     response = self.raw_fetch(
         [
             b("POST /multipart HTTP/1.0"),
             b("Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=1234567890"),
             b("X-Header-encoding-test: \xe9"),
         ],
         b("\r\n").join(
             [
                 b("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=argument"),
                 b(""),
                 u"\u00e1".encode("utf-8"),
                 b("--1234567890"),
                 u'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="\u00f3"'.encode("utf8"),
                 b(""),
                 u"\u00fa".encode("utf-8"),
                 b("--1234567890--"),
                 b(""),
             ]
         ),
     )
     data = json_decode(response.body)
     self.assertEqual(u"\u00e9", data["header"])
     self.assertEqual(u"\u00e1", data["argument"])
     self.assertEqual(u"\u00f3", data["filename"])
     self.assertEqual(u"\u00fa", data["filebody"])

    def _on_headers(self, data):
        data = native_str(data.decode("latin1"))
        first_line, _, header_data = data.partition("\n")
        match = re.match("HTTP/1.[01] ([0-9]+)", first_line)
        assert match
        self.code = int(match.group(1))
        self.headers = HTTPHeaders.parse(header_data)

        if self.code == 100:
            # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec8.html#sec8.2.3
            # support HTTP/1.1 100 Continue
            if self.request.body is not None:
                self.stream.write(self.request.body)
            self.stream.read_until_regex(b("\r?\n\r?\n"), self._on_headers)
            return

        if "Content-Length" in self.headers:
            if "," in self.headers["Content-Length"]:
                # Proxies sometimes cause Content-Length headers to get
                # duplicated.  If all the values are identical then we can
                # use them but if they differ it's an error.
                pieces = re.split(r',\s*', self.headers["Content-Length"])
                if any(i != pieces[0] for i in pieces):
                    raise ValueError("Multiple unequal Content-Lengths: %r" %
                                     self.headers["Content-Length"])
                self.headers["Content-Length"] = pieces[0]
            content_length = int(self.headers["Content-Length"])
        else:
            content_length = None

        if self.request.header_callback is not None:
            for k, v in self.headers.get_all():
                self.request.header_callback("%s: %s\r\n" % (k, v))

        if self.request.method == "HEAD":
            # HEAD requests never have content, even though they may have
            # content-length headers
            self._on_body(b(""))
            return
        if 100 <= self.code < 200 or self.code in (204, 304):
            # These response codes never have bodies
            # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec4.html#sec4.3
            assert "Transfer-Encoding" not in self.headers
            assert content_length in (None, 0)
            self._on_body(b(""))
            return

        if (self.request.use_gzip and
            self.headers.get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip"):
            # Magic parameter makes zlib module understand gzip header
            # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699/how-can-i-decompress-a-gzip-stream-with-zlib
            self._decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
        if self.headers.get("Transfer-Encoding") == "chunked":
            self.chunks = []
            self.stream.read_until(b("\r\n"), self._on_chunk_length)
        elif content_length is not None:
            self.stream.read_bytes(content_length, self._on_body)
        else:
            self.stream.read_until_close(self._on_body)

    def test_default(self):
        response = self.fetch("/default")
        self.assertEqual(response.code, 500)
        self.assertTrue(b("500: Internal Server Error") in response.body)

        response = self.fetch("/default?status=503")
        self.assertEqual(response.code, 503)
        self.assertTrue(b("503: Service Unavailable") in response.body)