Python six.StringIO类代码示例

def test_pydotprint_cond_highlight():
    """
    This is a REALLY PARTIAL TEST.

    I did them to help debug stuff.
    """

    # Skip test if pydot is not available.
    if not theano.printing.pydot_imported:
        raise SkipTest('pydot not available')

    x = tensor.dvector()
    f = theano.function([x], x * 2)
    f([1, 2, 3, 4])

    s = StringIO()
    new_handler = logging.StreamHandler(s)
    new_handler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    orig_handler = theano.logging_default_handler

    theano.theano_logger.removeHandler(orig_handler)
    theano.theano_logger.addHandler(new_handler)
    try:
        theano.printing.pydotprint(f, cond_highlight=True,
                                   print_output_file=False)
    finally:
        theano.theano_logger.addHandler(orig_handler)
        theano.theano_logger.removeHandler(new_handler)

    assert (s.getvalue() == 'pydotprint: cond_highlight is set but there'
            ' is no IfElse node in the graph\n')

def get_correct_indentation_diff(code, filename):
    """
    Generate a diff to make code correctly indented.

    :param code: a string containing a file's worth of Python code
    :param filename: the filename being considered (used in diff generation only)
    :returns: a unified diff to make code correctly indented, or
              None if code is already correctedly indented
    """
    code_buffer = StringIO(code)
    output_buffer = StringIO()
    reindenter = reindent.Reindenter(code_buffer)
    reindenter.run()
    reindenter.write(output_buffer)
    reindent_output = output_buffer.getvalue()
    output_buffer.close()
    if code != reindent_output:
        diff_generator = difflib.unified_diff(code.splitlines(True), reindent_output.splitlines(True),
                                              fromfile=filename, tofile=filename + " (reindented)")
        # work around http://bugs.python.org/issue2142
        diff_tuple = map(clean_diff_line_for_python_bug_2142, diff_generator)
        diff = "".join(diff_tuple)
        return diff
    else:
        return None

    def c_code(self, node, name, inputs, outputs, sub):
        #z_out = alpha * dot(x,y) + beta * z_in
        #inplace version, set set z_out = z_in
        #not inplace version, we copy z_in to z_out.
        z_in, a, x, y, b = inputs
        z_out, = outputs
        inplace = int(self.inplace)
        fail = sub['fail']
        sio = StringIO()

        print >> sio, """
        float %(name)s_alpha = ((dtype_%(a)s*)(%(a)s->data))[0];
        float %(name)s_beta = ((dtype_%(b)s*)(%(b)s->data))[0];

        if (%(inplace)s
            && ((CudaNdarray_HOST_STRIDES(%(z_in)s)[0] > 0)
                || ((CudaNdarray_HOST_STRIDES(%(z_in)s)[0] == 0)
                    && (CudaNdarray_HOST_DIMS(%(z_in)s)[0] == 1))))
        {
            // Work inplace on the input
            Py_XDECREF(%(z_out)s);
            %(z_out)s = %(z_in)s;
            Py_INCREF(%(z_out)s);
        }
        else if (%(z_out)s
                && (CudaNdarray_HOST_DIMS(%(z_out)s)[0] ==
                    CudaNdarray_HOST_DIMS(%(z_in)s)[0])
                && ((CudaNdarray_HOST_STRIDES(%(z_out)s)[0] > 0)
                    || ((CudaNdarray_HOST_STRIDES(%(z_out)s)[0] == 0)
                        && (CudaNdarray_HOST_DIMS(%(z_out)s)[0] == 1))))
        {
            // Work on the output
            if (CudaNdarray_CopyFromCudaNdarray(%(z_out)s, %(z_in)s))
            {
                %(fail)s;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Copy
            Py_XDECREF(%(z_out)s);
            %(z_out)s = (CudaNdarray*)CudaNdarray_Copy(%(z_in)s);
            if (!%(z_out)s)
            {
                %(fail)s;
            }
        }

        if (CudaNdarray_sgemv(%(name)s_alpha, %(x)s, %(y)s,
                              %(name)s_beta, %(z_out)s))
        {
            %(fail)s;
        }
        """
        return sio.getvalue() % locals()

    def run(replay, log=None):

        if not replay:
            log = StringIO()
        else:
            log = StringIO(log)
        record = Record(replay=replay, file_object=log)

        disturb_mem.disturb_mem()

        mode = RecordMode(record=record)

        b = sharedX(np.zeros((2,)), name='b')
        channels = OrderedDict()

        disturb_mem.disturb_mem()

        v_max = b.max(axis=0)
        v_min = b.min(axis=0)
        v_range = v_max - v_min

        updates = []
        for i, val in enumerate([
                v_max.max(),
                v_max.min(),
                v_range.max(),
                ]):
            disturb_mem.disturb_mem()
            s = sharedX(0., name='s_' + str(i))
            updates.append((s, val))

        for var in theano.gof.graph.ancestors(update for _, update in updates):
            if var.name is not None and var.name is not 'b':
                if var.name[0] != 's' or len(var.name) != 2:
                    var.name = None

        for key in channels:
            updates.append((s, channels[key]))
        f = theano.function([], mode=mode, updates=updates,
                            on_unused_input='ignore', name='f')
        for output in f.maker.fgraph.outputs:
            mode.record.handle_line(var_descriptor(output) + '\n')
        disturb_mem.disturb_mem()
        f()

        mode.record.f.flush()

        if not replay:
            return log.getvalue()

    def c_src_kernel_Ccontiguous(self, node, nodename):
        sio = StringIO()
        # print 'C_SRC_KERNEL', sio.getvalue()

        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.inputs):
            print >> sio, "//    Input  ", ipos, str(i.type)
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.outputs):
            print >> sio, "//    Output ", ipos, str(i.type)
        print >> sio, "static __global__ void kernel_%s_%s_Ccontiguous (unsigned int numEls" % (self.scalar_op.__class__.__name__, nodename)
        # declare inputs
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.inputs):
            print >> sio, "\t,", "const float * i%i_data" % ipos
        # declare outputs
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.outputs):
            print >> sio, "\t,", "float * o%i_data" % ipos
        print >> sio, "\t)\n{"
        print >> sio, "    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;"
        print >> sio, "    const int numThreads = blockDim.x * gridDim.x;"

        # For each input that is a scalar which has been broadcasted to a tensor,
        #     load it into a local variable
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.inputs):
            if _logical_scalar(i):
                print >> sio, "    const float ii_i%i_value = i%i_data[0];" % (ipos, ipos)

        # loop over the elements to be treated by this kernel call
        print >> sio, "    for (int i = idx; i < numEls; i += numThreads) {"
        # perform the scalar operation on the input and output references
        # TODO: What if the scalar_op needs support_code??
        task_code = self.scalar_op.c_code(
                Apply(self.scalar_op,
                    [scalar.Scalar(dtype=input.type.dtype).make_variable()
                     for input in node.inputs],
                    [scalar.Scalar(dtype=output.type.dtype).make_variable()
                     for output in node.outputs])
                , nodename + '_scalar_'
                #, ['i%i_data[i]'%ipos for ipos, i in enumerate(node.inputs)]
                , get_str_list_logical_scalar(node, data_str='i%i_data[i]')
                , ['o%i_data[i]'%ipos for ipos, i in enumerate(node.outputs)]
                , sub=dict(fail='return;'))  # TODO: set a failure code somehow!!!
        print >> sio, "       ", task_code
        print >> sio, "    }"
        print >> sio, "}"

        # print sio.getvalue()
        return sio.getvalue()

def test_pickle_aliased_memory():
    M = Module()
    M.x = (T.dmatrix())
    M.y = (T.dmatrix())
    a = T.dmatrix()
    M.f = Method([a], a + M.x + M.y)
    M.g = Method([a], a * M.x * M.y)

    mode = get_mode()
    m = M.make(x=numpy.zeros((4,5)), y=numpy.ones((2,3)), mode=mode)
    m.y = m.x[:]

    #m's x and y memory is aliased....
    m.x[0,0] = 3.14
    assert m.y[0,0] == 3.14

    import logging
    from theano.compat.six import StringIO

    sio = StringIO()
    handler = logging.StreamHandler(sio)
    logging.getLogger('theano.compile.function_module').addHandler(handler)
    # Silence original handler when intentionnally generating warning messages
    logging.getLogger('theano').removeHandler(theano.logging_default_handler)
    try:
        m.f.pickle_aliased_memory_strategy = 'warn'
        m.g.pickle_aliased_memory_strategy = 'warn'
        m_dup = cPickle.loads(cPickle.dumps(m, protocol=-1))
        assert sio.getvalue().startswith('aliased relat')
    finally:
        logging.getLogger('theano.compile.function_module').removeHandler(handler)
        logging.getLogger('theano').addHandler(theano.logging_default_handler)

    try:
        m.f.pickle_aliased_memory_strategy = 'raise'
        m.g.pickle_aliased_memory_strategy = 'raise'
        m_dup = cPickle.loads(cPickle.dumps(m, protocol=-1))
    except AliasedMemoryError, e:
        return

 def __str__(self):
     sio = StringIO()
     _config_print(self.__class__, sio)
     return sio.getvalue()

def debugprint(obj, depth=-1, print_type=False,
               file=None, ids='CHAR', stop_on_name=False):
    """Print a computation graph as text to stdout or a file.

    :type obj: Variable, Apply, or Function instance
    :param obj: symbolic thing to print
    :type depth: integer
    :param depth: print graph to this depth (-1 for unlimited)
    :type print_type: boolean
    :param print_type: whether to print the type of printed objects
    :type file: None, 'str', or file-like object
    :param file: print to this file ('str' means to return a string)
    :type ids: str
    :param ids: How do we print the identifier of the variable
                id - print the python id value
                int - print integer character
                CHAR - print capital character
                "" - don't print an identifier
    :param stop_on_name: When True, if a node in the graph has a name,
                         we don't print anything below it.

    :returns: string if `file` == 'str', else file arg

    Each line printed represents a Variable in the graph.
    The indentation of lines corresponds to its depth in the symbolic graph.
    The first part of the text identifies whether it is an input
    (if a name or type is printed) or the output of some Apply (in which case
    the Op is printed).
    The second part of the text is an identifier of the Variable.
    If print_type is True, we add a part containing the type of the Variable

    If a Variable is encountered multiple times in the depth-first search,
    it is only printed recursively the first time. Later, just the Variable
    identifier is printed.

    If an Apply has multiple outputs, then a '.N' suffix will be appended
    to the Apply's identifier, to indicate which output a line corresponds to.

    """
    if file == 'str':
        _file = StringIO()
    elif file is None:
        _file = sys.stdout
    else:
        _file = file
    done = dict()
    results_to_print = []
    order = []
    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
        lobj = obj
    else:
        lobj = [obj]
    for obj in lobj:
        if isinstance(obj, gof.Variable):
            results_to_print.append(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, gof.Apply):
            results_to_print.extend(obj.outputs)
        elif isinstance(obj, Function):
            results_to_print.extend(obj.maker.fgraph.outputs)
            order = obj.maker.fgraph.toposort()
        elif isinstance(obj, gof.FunctionGraph):
            results_to_print.extend(obj.outputs)
            order = obj.toposort()
        elif isinstance(obj, (int, long, float, numpy.ndarray)):
            print obj
        else:
            raise TypeError("debugprint cannot print an object of this type",
                            obj)

    scan_ops = []
    for r in results_to_print:
        #Add the parent scan op to the list as well
        if hasattr(r.owner, 'op') and isinstance(r.owner.op, theano.scan_module.scan_op.Scan):
            scan_ops.append(r)

        debugmode.debugprint(r, depth=depth, done=done, print_type=print_type,
                             file=_file, order=order, ids=ids,
                             scan_ops=scan_ops, stop_on_name=stop_on_name)
    if len(scan_ops) > 0:
        print >> file, ""
        new_prefix = ' >'
        new_prefix_child = ' >'
        print >> file, "Inner graphs of the scan ops:"

        for s in scan_ops:
            print >> file, ""
            debugmode.debugprint(s, depth=depth, done=done, print_type=print_type,
                                 file=_file, ids=ids,
                                 scan_ops=scan_ops, stop_on_name=stop_on_name)

            for idx, i in enumerate(s.owner.op.outputs):
                if hasattr(i, 'owner') and hasattr(i.owner, 'op'):
                    if isinstance(i.owner.op, theano.scan_module.scan_op.Scan):
                        scan_ops.append(i)

                debugmode.debugprint(r=i, prefix=new_prefix, depth=depth, done=done,
                                     print_type=print_type, file=file,
                                     ids=ids, stop_on_name=stop_on_name,
                                     prefix_child=new_prefix_child, scan_ops=scan_ops)

#.........这里部分代码省略.........

def debugprint(obj, depth=-1, print_type=False,
               file=None, ids='CHAR', stop_on_name=False,
               done=None):
    """Print a computation graph as text to stdout or a file.

    :type obj: Variable, Apply, or Function instance
    :param obj: symbolic thing to print
    :type depth: integer
    :param depth: print graph to this depth (-1 for unlimited)
    :type print_type: boolean
    :param print_type: whether to print the type of printed objects
    :type file: None, 'str', or file-like object
    :param file: print to this file ('str' means to return a string)
    :type ids: str
    :param ids: How do we print the identifier of the variable
                id - print the python id value
                int - print integer character
                CHAR - print capital character
                "" - don't print an identifier
    :param stop_on_name: When True, if a node in the graph has a name,
                         we don't print anything below it.
    :type done: None or dict
    :param done: A dict where we store the ids of printed node.
        Useful to have multiple call to debugprint share the same ids.

    :returns: string if `file` == 'str', else file arg

    Each line printed represents a Variable in the graph.
    The indentation of lines corresponds to its depth in the symbolic graph.
    The first part of the text identifies whether it is an input
    (if a name or type is printed) or the output of some Apply (in which case
    the Op is printed).
    The second part of the text is an identifier of the Variable.
    If print_type is True, we add a part containing the type of the Variable

    If a Variable is encountered multiple times in the depth-first search,
    it is only printed recursively the first time. Later, just the Variable
    identifier is printed.

    If an Apply has multiple outputs, then a '.N' suffix will be appended
    to the Apply's identifier, to indicate which output a line corresponds to.

    """
    if not isinstance(depth, int):
        raise Exception("depth parameter must be an int")
    if file == 'str':
        _file = StringIO()
    elif file is None:
        _file = sys.stdout
    else:
        _file = file
    if done is None:
        done = dict()
    results_to_print = []
    profile_list = []
    order = []
    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
        lobj = obj
    else:
        lobj = [obj]
    for obj in lobj:
        if isinstance(obj, gof.Variable):
            results_to_print.append(obj)
            profile_list.append(None)
        elif isinstance(obj, gof.Apply):
            results_to_print.extend(obj.outputs)
            profile_list.extend([None for item in obj.outputs])
        elif isinstance(obj, Function):
            results_to_print.extend(obj.maker.fgraph.outputs)
            profile_list.extend(
                [obj.profile for item in obj.maker.fgraph.outputs])
            order = obj.maker.fgraph.toposort()
        elif isinstance(obj, gof.FunctionGraph):
            results_to_print.extend(obj.outputs)
            profile_list.extend([None for item in obj.outputs])
            order = obj.toposort()
        elif isinstance(obj, (int, long, float, np.ndarray)):
            print(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, (theano.In, theano.Out)):
            results_to_print.append(obj.variable)
            profile_list.append(None)
        else:
            raise TypeError("debugprint cannot print an object of this type",
                            obj)

    scan_ops = []
    for r, p in zip(results_to_print, profile_list):
        # Add the parent scan op to the list as well
        if (hasattr(r.owner, 'op') and
                isinstance(r.owner.op, theano.scan_module.scan_op.Scan)):
                    scan_ops.append(r)

        if p is not None:
            print("""
Timing Info
-----------
--> <time> <% time> - <total time> <% total time>'

<time>         computation time for this node
<% time>       fraction of total computation time for this node
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

    def c_extract(self, name, sub, check_input=True):
        sio = StringIO()
        fail = sub['fail']
        nd = self.ndim
        print >> sio, """
        assert(py_%(name)s->ob_refcnt >= 2); // There should be at least one ref from the container object,
        // and one ref from the local scope.

        if (CudaNdarray_Check(py_%(name)s))
        {
            //fprintf(stderr, "c_extract CNDA object w refcnt %%p %%i\\n", py_%(name)s, (py_%(name)s->ob_refcnt));
            %(name)s = (CudaNdarray*)py_%(name)s;
            //std::cerr << "c_extract " << %(name)s << '\\n';
        """ % locals()
        if(check_input):
            print >> sio, """
                if (%(name)s->nd != %(nd)s)
                {
                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                 "c_extract: Some CudaNdarray has rank %%i, it was supposed to have rank %(nd)s",
                                 %(name)s->nd);
                    %(name)s = NULL;
                    %(fail)s;
                }
                //std::cerr << "c_extract " << %(name)s << " nd check passed\\n";
            """ % locals()
            for i, b in enumerate(self.broadcastable):
                if b:
                    print >> sio, """
                if (CudaNdarray_HOST_DIMS(%(name)s)[%(i)s] != 1)
                {
                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                 "c_extract: Some CudaNdarray has dim %%i on broadcastable dimension %%i",
                                 CudaNdarray_HOST_DIMS(%(name)s)[%(i)s], %(i)s);
                    %(name)s = NULL;
                    %(fail)s;
                }
                //std::cerr << "c_extract " << %(name)s << "dim check %(i)s passed\\n";
                //std::cerr << "c_extract " << %(name)s << "checking bcast %(i)s <" << %(name)s->str<< ">\\n";
                //std::cerr << "c_extract " << %(name)s->str[%(i)s] << "\\n";
                if (CudaNdarray_HOST_STRIDES(%(name)s)[%(i)s])
                {
                    //std::cerr << "c_extract bad stride detected...\\n";
                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                 "c_extract: Some CudaNdarray has a nonzero stride %%i on a broadcastable dimension %%i",
                                 CudaNdarray_HOST_STRIDES(%(name)s)[%(i)s], %(i)s);
                    %(name)s = NULL;
                    %(fail)s;
                }
                //std::cerr << "c_extract " << %(name)s << "bcast check %(i)s passed\\n";
                    """ % locals()
            print >> sio, """
                assert(%(name)s);
                Py_INCREF(py_%(name)s);
            }
            else if (py_%(name)s == Py_None)
            {
                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                                "expected a CudaNdarray, not None");
                %(name)s = NULL;
                %(fail)s;
            }
            else
            {
                //fprintf(stderr, "FAILING c_extract CNDA object w refcnt %%p %%i\\n", py_%(name)s, (py_%(name)s->ob_refcnt));
                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Argument not a CudaNdarray");
                %(name)s = NULL;
                %(fail)s;
            }
            //std::cerr << "c_extract done " << %(name)s << '\\n';
            """ % locals()
        else:
            print >> sio, """
                assert(%(name)s);
                Py_INCREF(py_%(name)s);
            }
            """ % locals()
        #print sio.getvalue()
        return sio.getvalue()

def test_debugprint():
    A = tensor.matrix(name='A')
    B = tensor.matrix(name='B')
    C = A + B
    C.name = 'C'
    D = tensor.matrix(name='D')
    E = tensor.matrix(name='E')

    F = D + E
    G = C + F

    # just test that it work
    debugprint(G)

    # test ids=int
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='int')
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = '\n'.join([
        "Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@0] ''   ",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@1] 'C'   ",
        " | |A [@2]",
        " | |B [@3]",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@4] ''   ",
        "   |D [@5]",
        "   |E [@6]",
    ]) + '\n'

    if s != reference:
        print('--' + s + '--')
        print('--' + reference + '--')

    assert s == reference

    # test ids=CHAR
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='CHAR')
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = "\n".join([
        "Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@A] ''   ",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@B] 'C'   ",
        " | |A [@C]",
        " | |B [@D]",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@E] ''   ",
        "   |D [@F]",
        "   |E [@G]",
    ]) + '\n'

    if s != reference:
        print('--' + s + '--')
        print('--' + reference + '--')

    assert s == reference

    # test ids=CHAR, stop_on_name=True
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='CHAR', stop_on_name=True)
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = '\n'.join([
        "Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@A] ''   ",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@B] 'C'   ",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@C] ''   ",
        "   |D [@D]",
        "   |E [@E]",
    ]) + '\n'

    if s != reference:
        print('--' + s + '--')
        print('--' + reference + '--')

    assert s == reference

    # test ids=
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='')
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = '\n'.join([
        "Elemwise{add,no_inplace}  ''   ",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace}  'C'   ",
        " | |A ",
        " | |B ",
        " |Elemwise{add,no_inplace}  ''   ",
        "   |D ",
        "   |E ",
    ]) + '\n'
    if s != reference:
        print('--' + s + '--')
        print('--' + reference + '--')

    assert s == reference

def test_debugprint():
    A = tensor.matrix(name='A')
    B = tensor.matrix(name='B')
    C = A + B
    C.name = 'C'
    D = tensor.matrix(name='D')
    E = tensor.matrix(name='E')

    F = D + E
    G = C + F

    # just test that it work
    debugprint(G)

    # test ids=int
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='int')
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = """Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@0] ''   
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@1] 'C'   
 | |A [@2]
 | |B [@3]
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@4] ''   
   |D [@5]
   |E [@6]
"""

    if s != reference:
        print '--' + s + '--'
        print '--' + reference + '--'

    assert s == reference

    # test ids=CHAR
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='CHAR')
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = """Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@A] ''   
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@B] 'C'   
 | |A [@C]
 | |B [@D]
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@E] ''   
   |D [@F]
   |E [@G]
"""

    if s != reference:
        print '--' + s + '--'
        print '--' + reference + '--'

    assert s == reference

    # test ids=CHAR, stop_on_name=True
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='CHAR', stop_on_name=True)
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = """Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@A] ''   
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@B] 'C'   
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace} [@C] ''   
   |D [@D]
   |E [@E]
"""

    if s != reference:
        print '--' + s + '--'
        print '--' + reference + '--'

    assert s == reference

    # test ids=
    s = StringIO()
    debugprint(G, file=s, ids='')
    s = s.getvalue()
    # The additional white space are needed!
    reference = """Elemwise{add,no_inplace}  ''   
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace}  'C'   
 | |A 
 | |B 
 |Elemwise{add,no_inplace}  ''   
   |D 
   |E 
"""
    if s != reference:
        print '--' + s + '--'
        print '--' + reference + '--'

    assert s == reference

 def __str__(self):
     sio = StringIO()
     self.print_summary(sio)
     return sio.getvalue()

def debugprint(obj, depth=-1, print_type=False,
               file=None, ids='CHAR', stop_on_name=False):
    """Print a computation graph as text to stdout or a file.

    :type obj: Variable, Apply, or Function instance
    :param obj: symbolic thing to print
    :type depth: integer
    :param depth: print graph to this depth (-1 for unlimited)
    :type print_type: boolean
    :param print_type: whether to print the type of printed objects
    :type file: None, 'str', or file-like object
    :param file: print to this file ('str' means to return a string)
    :type ids: str
    :param ids: How do we print the identifier of the variable
                id - print the python id value
                int - print integer character
                CHAR - print capital character
                "" - don't print an identifier
    :param stop_on_name: When True, if a node in the graph has a name,
                         we don't print anything below it.

    :returns: string if `file` == 'str', else file arg

    Each line printed represents a Variable in the graph.
    The indentation of lines corresponds to its depth in the symbolic graph.
    The first part of the text identifies whether it is an input
    (if a name or type is printed) or the output of some Apply (in which case
    the Op is printed).
    The second part of the text is an identifier of the Variable.
    If print_type is True, we add a part containing the type of the Variable

    If a Variable is encountered multiple times in the depth-first search,
    it is only printed recursively the first time. Later, just the Variable
    identifier is printed.

    If an Apply has multiple outputs, then a '.N' suffix will be appended
    to the Apply's identifier, to indicate which output a line corresponds to.

    """
    if file == 'str':
        _file = StringIO()
    elif file is None:
        _file = sys.stdout
    else:
        _file = file
    done = dict()
    results_to_print = []
    order = []
    if isinstance(obj, gof.Variable):
        results_to_print.append(obj)
    elif isinstance(obj, gof.Apply):
        results_to_print.extend(obj.outputs)
    elif isinstance(obj, Function):
        results_to_print.extend(obj.maker.fgraph.outputs)
        order = obj.maker.fgraph.toposort()
    elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
        results_to_print.extend(obj)
    elif isinstance(obj, gof.FunctionGraph):
        results_to_print.extend(obj.outputs)
        order = obj.toposort()
    else:
        raise TypeError("debugprint cannot print an object of this type", obj)
    for r in results_to_print:
        debugmode.debugprint(r, depth=depth, done=done, print_type=print_type,
                             file=_file, order=order, ids=ids,
                             stop_on_name=stop_on_name)
    if file is _file:
        return file
    elif file == 'str':
        return _file.getvalue()
    else:
        _file.flush()

    def c_src_kernel_tiling_less_registers(self, node, nodename):
        """ The kernel applies to problems with <= 5 dimensions """

        nd = node.outputs[0].type.ndim
        n_in = len(node.inputs)
        n_out = len(node.outputs)
        sio = StringIO()

        if nd not in (2,):
            return sio.getvalue()

        # print some leading comments to make the code easier to read
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.inputs):
            print >> sio, "//    Input  ", ipos, str(i.type)
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.outputs):
            print >> sio, "//    Output ", ipos, str(i.type)
        print >> sio, "static __global__ void kernel_%s_%s_%s(unsigned int numEls" % (
                self.scalar_op.__class__.__name__,
                nodename,
                'tiling%i_less_registers'%nd)
        if (nd):
            print >> sio, "\t,", ", ".join("const int dim%i" % i for i in xrange(nd))
        # declare inputs
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.inputs):
            s = ", ".join(["const float * i%i_data_0" % ipos] + list("int i%i_str_%i" % (ipos, d) for d in xrange(nd)))
            print >> sio, "\t,", s
        # declare outputs
        for ipos, i in enumerate(node.outputs):
            s = ", ".join(["float * o%i_data_0" % ipos] + list("int o%i_str_%i" % (ipos, d) for d in xrange(nd)))
            print >> sio, "\t,", s
            #print >> sio, "\t,", ", ".join("int o%i_str_%i" % (ipos, d) for d in xrange(nd))
            #print >> sio, "\t,", "float * o%i_data" % ipos
        print >> sio, "\t)\n{"

        # TODO: Setting these to true makes the function fail SOMETIMES.  I don't know why yet.
        use_shared_stride = False
        use_shared_limits = False

        def decl_limits(nd):
            if use_shared_limits:
                print >> sio, "__shared__ float * limits[%(nd)s];" % locals()

        def stride(io, p, d):
            if use_shared_stride:
                return "s%s_str[%i][%i]" % (io, p, d)
            else:
                return "%s%i_str_%i" % (io, p, d)
        def limits(d):
            if use_shared_limits:
                return "limits[%i]" % d
            else:
                return "limits%i" % d

        def decl_shared_stride(nin, nout, nd):
            if not use_shared_stride:
                return
            print >> sio, """
            __shared__ int si_str[%(nin)s][%(nd)s];
            __shared__ int so_str[%(nout)s][%(nd)s];
            if ((threadIdx.x == 0) && (threadIdx.y == 0)) {
            """ % locals()
            for i in xrange(nin):
                for d in xrange(nd):
                    print >> sio, "si_str[%(i)s][%(d)s] = i%(i)s_str_%(d)s;" % locals()
            for i in xrange(n_out):
                for d in xrange(nd):
                    print >> sio, "so_str[%(i)s][%(d)s] = o%(i)s_str_%(d)s;" % locals()
            print >> sio, "} __syncthreads();"

        def calc_limit(d):
            s = stride('o', 0, d)
            lname = limits(d)
            if use_shared_limits:
                print >> sio, "if ((threadIdx.x == 0) && (threadIdx.y == 0)) {"
                if d == 0:
                    print >> sio, "%(lname)s = o0_data_0 + dim%(d)s * %(s)s;" % locals()
                else:
                    dm1 = d - 1
                    print >> sio, "%(lname)s = o0_data_%(dm1)s + dim%(d)s * %(s)s;" % locals()
                print >> sio, "} __syncthreads();"
            else:
                if d == 0:
                    print >> sio, "const float * %(lname)s = o0_data_0 + dim%(d)s * %(s)s;" % locals()
                else:
                    dm1 = d - 1
                    print >> sio, "const float * %(lname)s = o0_data_%(dm1)s + dim%(d)s * %(s)s;" % locals()

        def decl_ptrs(d, offset):
            dm1 = d - 1
            assert dm1 >= 0
            for i in xrange(n_in):
                s = stride('i', i, d)
                print >> sio, "const float * i%(i)s_data_%(d)s = i%(i)s_data_%(dm1)s + %(offset)s * %(s)s;" % locals()
            for i in xrange(n_out):
                s = stride('o', i, d)
                print >> sio, "float * o%(i)s_data_%(d)s = o%(i)s_data_%(dm1)s + %(offset)s * %(s)s;" % locals()

        def inc_ptrs(d, amt):
            for i in xrange(n_in):
                s = stride('i', i, d)
#.........这里部分代码省略.........