Python backend.image_data_format函数代码示例

def save_img(path,
             x,
             data_format=None,
             file_format=None,
             scale=True,
             **kwargs):
  """Saves an image stored as a Numpy array to a path or file object.

  Arguments:
      path: Path or file object.
      x: Numpy array.
      data_format: Image data format,
          either "channels_first" or "channels_last".
      file_format: Optional file format override. If omitted, the
          format to use is determined from the filename extension.
          If a file object was used instead of a filename, this
          parameter should always be used.
      scale: Whether to rescale image values to be within `[0, 255]`.
      **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments passed to `PIL.Image.save()`.
  """
  if data_format is None:
    data_format = backend.image_data_format()
  image.save_img(path,
                 x,
                 data_format=data_format,
                 file_format=file_format,
                 scale=scale, **kwargs)

def preprocess_input(x, data_format=None, mode='caffe'):
  """Preprocesses a tensor or Numpy array encoding a batch of images.

  Arguments:
      x: Input Numpy or symbolic tensor, 3D or 4D.
      data_format: Data format of the image tensor/array.
      mode: One of "caffe", "tf".
          - caffe: will convert the images from RGB to BGR,
              then will zero-center each color channel with
              respect to the ImageNet dataset,
              without scaling.
          - tf: will scale pixels between -1 and 1,
              sample-wise.

  Returns:
      Preprocessed tensor or Numpy array.

  Raises:
      ValueError: In case of unknown `data_format` argument.
  """
  if data_format is None:
    data_format = K.image_data_format()
  if data_format not in {'channels_first', 'channels_last'}:
    raise ValueError('Unknown data_format ' + str(data_format))

  if isinstance(x, np.ndarray):
    return _preprocess_numpy_input(x, data_format=data_format, mode=mode)
  else:
    return _preprocess_symbolic_input(x, data_format=data_format, mode=mode)

 def __init__(self, x, y, image_data_generator,
              batch_size=32,
              shuffle=False,
              sample_weight=None,
              seed=None,
              data_format=None,
              save_to_dir=None,
              save_prefix='',
              save_format='png',
              subset=None,
              dtype=None):
   if data_format is None:
     data_format = backend.image_data_format()
   kwargs = {}
   if 'dtype' in tf_inspect.getfullargspec(
       image.NumpyArrayIterator.__init__)[0]:
     if dtype is None:
       dtype = backend.floatx()
     kwargs['dtype'] = dtype
   super(NumpyArrayIterator, self).__init__(
       x, y, image_data_generator,
       batch_size=batch_size,
       shuffle=shuffle,
       sample_weight=sample_weight,
       seed=seed,
       data_format=data_format,
       save_to_dir=save_to_dir,
       save_prefix=save_prefix,
       save_format=save_format,
       subset=subset,
       **kwargs)

def get_data_shape():
  # input image dimensions
  img_rows, img_cols = 28, 28
  if backend.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':
    return 1, img_rows, img_cols
  else:
    return img_rows, img_cols, 1

def array_to_img(x, data_format=None, scale=True, dtype=None):
  """Converts a 3D Numpy array to a PIL Image instance.

  Arguments:
      x: Input Numpy array.
      data_format: Image data format.
          either "channels_first" or "channels_last".
      scale: Whether to rescale image values
          to be within `[0, 255]`.
      dtype: Dtype to use.

  Returns:
      A PIL Image instance.

  Raises:
      ImportError: if PIL is not available.
      ValueError: if invalid `x` or `data_format` is passed.
  """

  if data_format is None:
    data_format = backend.image_data_format()
  kwargs = {}
  if 'dtype' in tf_inspect.getfullargspec(image.array_to_img)[0]:
    if dtype is None:
      dtype = backend.floatx()
    kwargs['dtype'] = dtype
  return image.array_to_img(x, data_format=data_format, scale=scale, **kwargs)

def load_data(label_mode='fine'):
  """Loads CIFAR100 dataset.

  Arguments:
      label_mode: one of "fine", "coarse".

  Returns:
      Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.

  Raises:
      ValueError: in case of invalid `label_mode`.
  """
  if label_mode not in ['fine', 'coarse']:
    raise ValueError('`label_mode` must be one of `"fine"`, `"coarse"`.')

  dirname = 'cifar-100-python'
  origin = 'https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-100-python.tar.gz'
  path = get_file(dirname, origin=origin, untar=True)

  fpath = os.path.join(path, 'train')
  x_train, y_train = load_batch(fpath, label_key=label_mode + '_labels')

  fpath = os.path.join(path, 'test')
  x_test, y_test = load_batch(fpath, label_key=label_mode + '_labels')

  y_train = np.reshape(y_train, (len(y_train), 1))
  y_test = np.reshape(y_test, (len(y_test), 1))

  if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last':
    x_train = x_train.transpose(0, 2, 3, 1)
    x_test = x_test.transpose(0, 2, 3, 1)

  return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)

def conv_block(x, growth_rate, name):
  """A building block for a dense block.

  Arguments:
      x: input tensor.
      growth_rate: float, growth rate at dense layers.
      name: string, block label.

  Returns:
      output tensor for the block.
  """
  bn_axis = 3 if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last' else 1
  x1 = BatchNormalization(
      axis=bn_axis, epsilon=1.001e-5, name=name + '_0_bn')(
          x)
  x1 = Activation('relu', name=name + '_0_relu')(x1)
  x1 = Conv2D(4 * growth_rate, 1, use_bias=False, name=name + '_1_conv')(x1)
  x1 = BatchNormalization(
      axis=bn_axis, epsilon=1.001e-5, name=name + '_1_bn')(
          x1)
  x1 = Activation('relu', name=name + '_1_relu')(x1)
  x1 = Conv2D(
      growth_rate, 3, padding='same', use_bias=False, name=name + '_2_conv')(
          x1)
  x = Concatenate(axis=bn_axis, name=name + '_concat')([x, x1])
  return x

def __dense_block(x, nb_layers, nb_filter, growth_rate, bottleneck=False, dropout_rate=None, weight_decay=1e-4,
                  grow_nb_filters=True, return_concat_list=False):
    ''' Build a dense_block where the output of each conv_block is fed to subsequent ones
    Args:
        x: keras tensor
        nb_layers: the number of layers of conv_block to append to the model.
        nb_filter: number of filters
        growth_rate: growth rate
        bottleneck: bottleneck block
        dropout_rate: dropout rate
        weight_decay: weight decay factor
        grow_nb_filters: flag to decide to allow number of filters to grow
        return_concat_list: return the list of feature maps along with the actual output
    Returns: keras tensor with nb_layers of conv_block appended
    '''
    concat_axis = 1 if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first' else -1

    x_list = [x]

    for i in range(nb_layers):
        cb = __conv_block(x, growth_rate, bottleneck, dropout_rate, weight_decay)
        x_list.append(cb)

        x = concatenate([x, cb], axis=concat_axis)

        if grow_nb_filters:
            nb_filter += growth_rate

    if return_concat_list:
        return x, nb_filter, x_list
    else:
        return x, nb_filter

def __conv_block(ip, nb_filter, bottleneck=False, dropout_rate=None, weight_decay=1e-4):
    ''' Apply BatchNorm, Relu, 3x3 Conv2D, optional bottleneck block and dropout
    Args:
        ip: Input keras tensor
        nb_filter: number of filters
        bottleneck: add bottleneck block
        dropout_rate: dropout rate
        weight_decay: weight decay factor
    Returns: keras tensor with batch_norm, relu and convolution2d added (optional bottleneck)
    '''
    concat_axis = 1 if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first' else -1

    x = BatchNormalization(axis=concat_axis, epsilon=1.1e-5)(ip)
    x = Activation('relu')(x)

    if bottleneck:
        inter_channel = nb_filter * 4  # Obtained from https://github.com/liuzhuang13/DenseNet/blob/master/densenet.lua

        x = Conv2D(inter_channel, (1, 1), kernel_initializer='he_normal', padding='same', use_bias=False,
                   kernel_regularizer=l2(weight_decay))(x)
        x = BatchNormalization(axis=concat_axis, epsilon=1.1e-5)(x)
        x = Activation('relu')(x)

    x = Conv2D(nb_filter, (3, 3), kernel_initializer='he_normal', padding='same', use_bias=False)(x)
    if dropout_rate:
        x = Dropout(dropout_rate)(x)

    return x

def load_data():
  """Loads CIFAR10 dataset.

  Returns:
      Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.
  """
  dirname = 'cifar-10-batches-py'
  origin = 'https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-10-python.tar.gz'
  path = get_file(dirname, origin=origin, untar=True)

  num_train_samples = 50000

  x_train = np.empty((num_train_samples, 3, 32, 32), dtype='uint8')
  y_train = np.empty((num_train_samples,), dtype='uint8')

  for i in range(1, 6):
    fpath = os.path.join(path, 'data_batch_' + str(i))
    (x_train[(i - 1) * 10000:i * 10000, :, :, :],
     y_train[(i - 1) * 10000:i * 10000]) = load_batch(fpath)

  fpath = os.path.join(path, 'test_batch')
  x_test, y_test = load_batch(fpath)

  y_train = np.reshape(y_train, (len(y_train), 1))
  y_test = np.reshape(y_test, (len(y_test), 1))

  if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last':
    x_train = x_train.transpose(0, 2, 3, 1)
    x_test = x_test.transpose(0, 2, 3, 1)

  return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)

 def prepare_simple_model(input_tensor, loss_name, target):
   axis = 1 if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first' else -1
   loss = None
   num_channels = None
   activation = None
   if loss_name == 'sparse_categorical_crossentropy':
     loss = lambda y_true, y_pred: K.sparse_categorical_crossentropy(  # pylint: disable=g-long-lambda
         y_true, y_pred, axis=axis)
     num_channels = np.amax(target) + 1
     activation = 'softmax'
   elif loss_name == 'categorical_crossentropy':
     loss = lambda y_true, y_pred: K.categorical_crossentropy(  # pylint: disable=g-long-lambda
         y_true, y_pred, axis=axis)
     num_channels = target.shape[axis]
     activation = 'softmax'
   elif loss_name == 'binary_crossentropy':
     loss = lambda y_true, y_pred: K.binary_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred)  # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda
     num_channels = target.shape[axis]
     activation = 'sigmoid'
   predictions = Conv2D(num_channels,
                        1,
                        activation=activation,
                        kernel_initializer='ones',
                        bias_initializer='ones')(input_tensor)
   simple_model = keras.models.Model(inputs=input_tensor,
                                     outputs=predictions)
   simple_model.compile(optimizer='rmsprop', loss=loss)
   return simple_model

def convert(in_path, out_path):
    """Convert any Keras model to the frugally-deep model format."""

    assert K.backend() == "tensorflow"
    assert K.floatx() == "float32"
    assert K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last'

    print('loading {}'.format(in_path))
    model = load_model(in_path)

    # Force creation of underlying functional model.
    # see: https://github.com/fchollet/keras/issues/8136
    # Loss and optimizer type do not matter, since to don't train the model.
    model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer='sgd')

    model = convert_sequential_to_model(model)
    test_data = gen_test_data(model)

    json_output = {}
    json_output['architecture'] = json.loads(model.to_json())

    json_output['image_data_format'] = K.image_data_format()
    for depth in range(1, 3, 1):
        json_output['conv2d_valid_offset_depth_' + str(depth)] =\
            check_operation_offset(depth, offset_conv2d_eval, 'valid')
        json_output['conv2d_same_offset_depth_' + str(depth)] =\
            check_operation_offset(depth, offset_conv2d_eval, 'same')
        json_output['separable_conv2d_valid_offset_depth_' + str(depth)] =\
            check_operation_offset(depth, offset_sep_conv2d_eval, 'valid')
        json_output['separable_conv2d_same_offset_depth_' + str(depth)] =\
            check_operation_offset(depth, offset_sep_conv2d_eval, 'same')
    json_output['max_pooling_2d_valid_offset'] =\
        check_operation_offset(1, conv2d_offset_max_pool_eval, 'valid')
    json_output['max_pooling_2d_same_offset'] =\
        check_operation_offset(1, conv2d_offset_max_pool_eval, 'same')
    json_output['average_pooling_2d_valid_offset'] =\
        check_operation_offset(1, conv2d_offset_average_pool_eval, 'valid')
    json_output['average_pooling_2d_same_offset'] =\
        check_operation_offset(1, conv2d_offset_average_pool_eval, 'same')
    json_output['input_shapes'] = get_shapes(test_data['inputs'])
    json_output['output_shapes'] = get_shapes(test_data['outputs'])
    json_output['tests'] = [test_data]
    json_output['trainable_params'] = get_all_weights(model)

    print('writing {}'.format(out_path))
    write_text_file(out_path, json.dumps(
        json_output, allow_nan=False, indent=2, sort_keys=True))

def _conv_block(inputs, filters, alpha, kernel=(3, 3), strides=(1, 1)):
  """Adds an initial convolution layer (with batch normalization and relu6).

  Arguments:
      inputs: Input tensor of shape `(rows, cols, 3)`
          (with `channels_last` data format) or
          (3, rows, cols) (with `channels_first` data format).
          It should have exactly 3 inputs channels,
          and width and height should be no smaller than 32.
          E.g. `(224, 224, 3)` would be one valid value.
      filters: Integer, the dimensionality of the output space
          (i.e. the number of output filters in the convolution).
      alpha: controls the width of the network.
          - If `alpha` < 1.0, proportionally decreases the number
              of filters in each layer.
          - If `alpha` > 1.0, proportionally increases the number
              of filters in each layer.
          - If `alpha` = 1, default number of filters from the paper
               are used at each layer.
      kernel: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the
          width and height of the 2D convolution window.
          Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
          all spatial dimensions.
      strides: An integer or tuple/list of 2 integers,
          specifying the strides of the convolution along the width and height.
          Can be a single integer to specify the same value for
          all spatial dimensions.
          Specifying any stride value != 1 is incompatible with specifying
          any `dilation_rate` value != 1.

  Input shape:
      4D tensor with shape:
      `(samples, channels, rows, cols)` if data_format='channels_first'
      or 4D tensor with shape:
      `(samples, rows, cols, channels)` if data_format='channels_last'.

  Output shape:
      4D tensor with shape:
      `(samples, filters, new_rows, new_cols)` if data_format='channels_first'
      or 4D tensor with shape:
      `(samples, new_rows, new_cols, filters)` if data_format='channels_last'.
      `rows` and `cols` values might have changed due to stride.

  Returns:
      Output tensor of block.
  """
  channel_axis = 1 if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first' else -1
  filters = int(filters * alpha)
  x = ZeroPadding2D(padding=(1, 1), name='conv1_pad')(inputs)
  x = Conv2D(
      filters,
      kernel,
      padding='valid',
      use_bias=False,
      strides=strides,
      name='conv1')(x)
  x = BatchNormalization(axis=channel_axis, name='conv1_bn')(x)
  return Activation(relu6, name='conv1_relu')(x)

  def set_model(self, model):
    """Sets Keras model and creates summary ops."""

    self.model = model
    self.sess = K.get_session()
    # only make histogram summary op if it hasn't already been made
    if self.histogram_freq and self.merged is None:
      for layer in self.model.layers:
        for weight in layer.weights:
          mapped_weight_name = weight.name.replace(':', '_')
          tf_summary.histogram(mapped_weight_name, weight)
          if self.write_images:
            w_img = array_ops.squeeze(weight)
            shape = K.int_shape(w_img)
            if len(shape) == 2:  # dense layer kernel case
              if shape[0] > shape[1]:
                w_img = array_ops.transpose(w_img)
                shape = K.int_shape(w_img)
              w_img = array_ops.reshape(w_img, [1, shape[0], shape[1], 1])
            elif len(shape) == 3:  # convnet case
              if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last':
                # switch to channels_first to display
                # every kernel as a separate image
                w_img = array_ops.transpose(w_img, perm=[2, 0, 1])
                shape = K.int_shape(w_img)
              w_img = array_ops.reshape(w_img,
                                        [shape[0], shape[1], shape[2], 1])
            elif len(shape) == 1:  # bias case
              w_img = array_ops.reshape(w_img, [1, shape[0], 1, 1])
            else:
              # not possible to handle 3D convnets etc.
              continue

            shape = K.int_shape(w_img)
            assert len(shape) == 4 and shape[-1] in [1, 3, 4]
            tf_summary.image(mapped_weight_name, w_img)

        if self.write_grads:
          for weight in layer.trainable_weights:
            mapped_weight_name = weight.name.replace(':', '_')
            grads = model.optimizer.get_gradients(model.total_loss, weight)

            def is_indexed_slices(grad):
              return type(grad).__name__ == 'IndexedSlices'

            grads = [grad.values if is_indexed_slices(grad) else grad
                     for grad in grads]
            tf_summary.histogram('{}_grad'.format(mapped_weight_name), grads)

        if hasattr(layer, 'output'):
          tf_summary.histogram('{}_out'.format(layer.name), layer.output)
    self.merged = tf_summary.merge_all()

    if self.write_graph:
      self.writer = self._writer_class(self.log_dir, self.sess.graph)
    else:
      self.writer = self._writer_class(self.log_dir)

 def __init__(self, rate, data_format=None, **kwargs):
   super(SpatialDropout3D, self).__init__(rate, **kwargs)
   if data_format is None:
     data_format = K.image_data_format()
   if data_format not in {'channels_last', 'channels_first'}:
     raise ValueError('data_format must be in '
                      '{"channels_last", "channels_first"}')
   self.data_format = data_format
   self.input_spec = InputSpec(ndim=5)