Python tools.add_constant函数代码示例

 def __init__(self):
     data = heart.load()
     endog = np.log10(data.endog)
     exog = add_constant(data.exog)
     self.mod1 = emplikeAFT(endog, exog, data.censors)
     self.res1 = self.mod1.fit()
     self.res2 = AFTRes()

def test_manova_no_formula_no_hypothesis():
    # Same as previous test only skipping formula interface
    exog = add_constant(pd.get_dummies(X[['Loc']], drop_first=True))
    endog = X[['Basal', 'Occ', 'Max']]
    mod = MANOVA(endog, exog)
    r = mod.mv_test()
    assert isinstance(r, MultivariateTestResults)

 def test_forecast(self):
     end = len(self.true['data']['consump'])+15-1
     exog = add_constant(self.true['forecast_data']['m2'])
     assert_almost_equal(
         self.result.predict(end=end, exog=exog)[0],
         self.true['forecast'], 3
     )

 def setup_class(cls):
     data = heart.load()
     endog = np.log10(data.endog)
     exog = add_constant(data.exog)
     cls.mod1 = emplikeAFT(endog, exog, data.censors)
     cls.res1 = cls.mod1.fit()
     cls.res2 = AFTRes()

def test_multiple_constraints():
    endog = dta['infl']
    exog = add_constant(dta[['m1', 'unemp', 'cpi']])

    constraints = [
        'm1 + unemp = 1',
        'cpi = 0',
    ]

    mod = RecursiveLS(endog, exog, constraints=constraints)
    res = mod.fit()

    # See tests/results/test_rls.do
    desired = [-0.7001083844336, -0.0018477514060, 1.0018477514060, 0]
    assert_allclose(res.params, desired, atol=1e-10)

    # See tests/results/test_rls.do
    desired = [.4699552366, .0005369357, .0005369357, 0]
    assert_allclose(res.bse[0], desired[0], atol=1e-1)
    assert_allclose(res.bse[1:-1], desired[1:-1], atol=1e-4)

    # See tests/results/test_rls.do
    desired = -534.4292052931121
    # Note that to compute what Stata reports as the llf, we need to use a
    # different denominator for estimating the scale, and then compute the
    # llf from the alternative recursive residuals
    scale_alternative = np.sum((
        res.standardized_forecasts_error[0, 1:] *
        res.filter_results.obs_cov[0, 0]**0.5)**2) / mod.nobs
    llf_alternative = np.log(norm.pdf(res.resid_recursive, loc=0,
                                      scale=scale_alternative**0.5)).sum()
    assert_allclose(llf_alternative, desired)

def test_manova_no_formula():
    # Same as previous test only skipping formula interface
    exog = add_constant(pd.get_dummies(X[['Loc']], drop_first=True))
    endog = X[['Basal', 'Occ', 'Max']]
    mod = MANOVA(endog, exog)
    intercept = np.zeros((1, 3))
    intercept[0, 0] = 1
    loc = np.zeros((2, 3))
    loc[0, 1] = loc[1, 2] = 1
    hypotheses = [('Intercept', intercept), ('Loc', loc)]
    r = mod.mv_test(hypotheses)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Wilks' lambda", 'Value'],
                        0.60143661, decimal=8)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Pillai's trace", 'Value'],
                        0.44702843, decimal=8)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Hotelling-Lawley trace",
                                             'Value'],
                        0.58210348, decimal=8)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Roy's greatest root", 'Value'],
                        0.35530890, decimal=8)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Wilks' lambda", 'F Value'],
                        0.77, decimal=2)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Pillai's trace", 'F Value'],
                        0.86, decimal=2)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Hotelling-Lawley trace",
                                             'F Value'],
                        0.75, decimal=2)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Roy's greatest root", 'F Value'],
                        1.07, decimal=2)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Wilks' lambda", 'Num DF'],
                        6, decimal=3)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Pillai's trace", 'Num DF'],
                        6, decimal=3)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Hotelling-Lawley trace",
                                             'Num DF'],
                        6, decimal=3)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Roy's greatest root", 'Num DF'],
                        3, decimal=3)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Wilks' lambda", 'Den DF'],
                        16, decimal=3)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Pillai's trace", 'Den DF'],
                        18, decimal=3)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Hotelling-Lawley trace",
                                             'Den DF'],
                        9.0909, decimal=4)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Roy's greatest root", 'Den DF'],
                        9, decimal=3)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Wilks' lambda", 'Pr > F'],
                        0.6032, decimal=4)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Pillai's trace", 'Pr > F'],
                        0.5397, decimal=4)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Hotelling-Lawley trace",
                                             'Pr > F'],
                        0.6272, decimal=4)
    assert_almost_equal(r['Loc']['stat'].loc["Roy's greatest root", 'Pr > F'],
                        0.4109, decimal=4)

def test_plots():
    if not have_matplotlib:
        raise SkipTest

    exog = add_constant(dta[['m1', 'pop']])
    mod = RecursiveLS(endog, exog)
    res = mod.fit()

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient()
    plt.close(fig)

    # Specific variable
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient(variables=['m1'])
    plt.close(fig)

    # All variables
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient(variables=[0, 'm1', 'pop'])
    plt.close(fig)

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum()
    plt.close(fig)

    # Other alphas
    for alpha in [0.01, 0.10]:
        fig = res.plot_cusum(alpha=alpha)
        plt.close(fig)

    # Invalid alpha
    assert_raises(ValueError, res.plot_cusum, alpha=0.123)

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum_squares()
    plt.close(fig)

    # Numpy input (no dates)
    mod = RecursiveLS(endog.values, exog.values)
    res = mod.fit()

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient()
    plt.close(fig)

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum()
    plt.close(fig)

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum_squares()
    plt.close(fig)

    def __init__(self):
        # Remove the regression coefficients from the parameters, since they
        # will be estimated as part of the state vector
        true = dict(results_sarimax.friedman2_mle)
        exog = add_constant(true['data']['m2']) / 10.

        true['mle_params_exog'] = true['params_exog'][:]
        true['mle_se_exog'] = true['se_exog_oim'][:]

        true['params_exog'] = []
        true['se_exog'] = []

        super(TestFriedmanStateRegression, self).__init__(
            true, exog=exog, mle_regression=False
        )

        self.result = self.model.filter()

 def setup_class(cls):
     path = os.path.join(current_path, 'results', 'mar_filardo.csv')
     cls.mar_filardo = pd.read_csv(path)
     true = {
         'params': np.r_[4.35941747, -1.6493936, 1.7702123, 0.9945672,
                         0.517298, -0.865888,
                         np.exp(-0.362469)**2,
                         0.189474, 0.079344, 0.110944, 0.122251],
         'llf': -586.5718,
         'llf_fit': -586.5718,
         'llf_fit_em': -586.5718
     }
     endog = cls.mar_filardo['dlip'].iloc[1:].values
     exog_tvtp = add_constant(
         cls.mar_filardo['dmdlleading'].iloc[:-1].values)
     super(TestFilardo, cls).setup_class(
         true, endog, k_regimes=2, order=4, switching_ar=False,
         exog_tvtp=exog_tvtp)

def test_plots(close_figures):
    exog = add_constant(dta[['m1', 'pop']])
    mod = RecursiveLS(endog, exog)
    res = mod.fit()

    # Basic plot
    try:
        from pandas.plotting import register_matplotlib_converters
        register_matplotlib_converters()
    except ImportError:
        pass
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient()

    # Specific variable
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient(variables=['m1'])

    # All variables
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient(variables=[0, 'm1', 'pop'])

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum()

    # Other alphas
    for alpha in [0.01, 0.10]:
        fig = res.plot_cusum(alpha=alpha)

    # Invalid alpha
    assert_raises(ValueError, res.plot_cusum, alpha=0.123)

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum_squares()

    # Numpy input (no dates)
    mod = RecursiveLS(endog.values, exog.values)
    res = mod.fit()

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_recursive_coefficient()

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum()

    # Basic plot
    fig = res.plot_cusum_squares()

def test_glm(constraints=None):
    # More comprehensive tests against GLM estimates (this is sort of redundant
    # given `test_ols`, but this is mostly to complement the tests in
    # `test_glm_constrained`)
    endog = dta.infl
    exog = add_constant(dta[['unemp', 'm1']])

    mod = RecursiveLS(endog, exog, constraints=constraints)
    res = mod.fit()

    mod_glm = GLM(endog, exog)
    if constraints is None:
        res_glm = mod_glm.fit()
    else:
        res_glm = mod_glm.fit_constrained(constraints=constraints)

    # Regression coefficients, standard errors, and estimated scale
    assert_allclose(res.params, res_glm.params)
    assert_allclose(res.bse, res_glm.bse, atol=1e-6)
    # Note: scale here is computed according to Harvey, 1989, 4.2.5, and is
    # the called the ML estimator and sometimes (e.g. later in section 5)
    # denoted \tilde \sigma_*^2
    assert_allclose(res.filter_results.obs_cov[0, 0], res_glm.scale)

    # DoF
    # Note: GLM does not include intercept in DoF, so modify by -1
    assert_equal(res.df_model - 1, res_glm.df_model)

    # OLS residuals are equivalent to smoothed forecast errors
    # (the latter are defined as e_t|T by Harvey, 1989, 5.4.5)
    # (this follows since the smoothed state simply contains the
    # full-information estimates of the regression coefficients)
    actual = (mod.endog[:, 0] -
              np.sum(mod['design', 0, :, :] * res.smoothed_state, axis=0))
    assert_allclose(actual, res_glm.resid_response, atol=1e-7)

    # Given the estimate of scale as `sum(v_t^2 / f_t) / (T - d)` (see
    # Harvey, 1989, 4.2.5 on p. 183), then llf_recursive is equivalent to the
    # full OLS loglikelihood (i.e. without the scale concentrated out).
    desired = mod_glm.loglike(res_glm.params, scale=res_glm.scale)
    assert_allclose(res.llf_recursive, desired)
    # Alternatively, we can construct the concentrated OLS loglikelihood
    # by computing the scale term with `nobs` in the denominator rather than
    # `nobs - d`.
    scale_alternative = np.sum((
        res.standardized_forecasts_error[0, 1:] *
        res.filter_results.obs_cov[0, 0]**0.5)**2) / mod.nobs
    llf_alternative = np.log(norm.pdf(res.resid_recursive, loc=0,
                                      scale=scale_alternative**0.5)).sum()
    assert_allclose(llf_alternative, res_glm.llf)

    # Prediction
    # TODO: prediction in this case is not working.
    if constraints is None:
        design = np.ones((1, 3, 10))
        actual = res.forecast(10, design=design)
        assert_allclose(actual, res_glm.predict(np.ones((10, 3))))
    else:
        design = np.ones((2, 3, 10))
        assert_raises(NotImplementedError, res.forecast, 10, design=design)

    # Hypothesis tests
    actual = res.t_test('m1 = 0')
    desired = res_glm.t_test('m1 = 0')
    assert_allclose(actual.statistic, desired.statistic)
    assert_allclose(actual.pvalue, desired.pvalue, atol=1e-15)

    actual = res.f_test('m1 = 0')
    desired = res_glm.f_test('m1 = 0')
    assert_allclose(actual.statistic, desired.statistic)
    assert_allclose(actual.pvalue, desired.pvalue)

    # Information criteria
    # Note: the llf and llf_obs given in the results are based on the Kalman
    # filter and so the ic given in results will not be identical to the
    # OLS versions. Additionally, llf_recursive is comparable to the
    # non-concentrated llf, and not the concentrated llf that is by default
    # used in OLS. Compute new ic based on llf_alternative to compare.
    actual_aic = aic(llf_alternative, res.nobs_effective, res.df_model)
    assert_allclose(actual_aic, res_glm.aic)

from statsmodels.tools import add_constant
from numpy.testing import assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_allclose

current_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

results_R_path = 'results' + os.sep + 'results_rls_R.csv'
results_R = pd.read_csv(current_path + os.sep + results_R_path)

results_stata_path = 'results' + os.sep + 'results_rls_stata.csv'
results_stata = pd.read_csv(current_path + os.sep + results_stata_path)

dta = macrodata.load_pandas().data
dta.index = pd.date_range(start='1959-01-01', end='2009-07-01', freq='QS')

endog = dta['cpi']
exog = add_constant(dta['m1'])


def test_endog():
    # Tests for numpy input
    mod = RecursiveLS(endog.values, exog.values)
    res = mod.fit()

    # Test the RLS estimates against OLS estimates
    mod_ols = OLS(endog, exog)
    res_ols = mod_ols.fit()
    assert_allclose(res.params, res_ols.params)

    # Tests for 1-dim exog
    mod = RecursiveLS(endog, dta['m1'].values)
    res = mod.fit()

    def _EM_test(self, nuisance_params, params=None, param_nums=None,
                 b0_vals=None, F=None, survidx=None, uncens_nobs=None,
                numcensbelow=None, km=None, uncensored=None, censored=None,
                maxiter=None, ftol=None):
        """
        Uses EM algorithm to compute the maximum likelihood of a test

        Parameters
        ---------

        Nuisance Params: array
            Vector of values to be used as nuisance params.

        maxiter: int
            Number of iterations in the EM algorithm for a parameter vector

        Returns
        -------
        -2 ''*'' log likelihood ratio at hypothesized values and
        nuisance params

        Notes
        -----
        Optional parameters are provided by the test_beta function.
        """
        iters = 0
        params[param_nums] = b0_vals

        nuis_param_index = np.int_(np.delete(np.arange(self.model.nvar),
                                           param_nums))
        params[nuis_param_index] = nuisance_params
        to_test = params.reshape(self.model.nvar, 1)
        opt_res = np.inf
        diff = np.inf
        while iters < maxiter and diff > ftol:
            F = F.flatten()
            death = np.cumsum(F[::-1])
            survivalprob = death[::-1]
            surv_point_mat = np.dot(F.reshape(-1, 1),
                                1. / survivalprob[survidx].reshape(1, - 1))
            surv_point_mat = add_constant(surv_point_mat)
            summed_wts = np.cumsum(surv_point_mat, axis=1)
            wts = summed_wts[np.int_(np.arange(uncens_nobs)),
                             numcensbelow[uncensored]]
            # ^E step
            # See Zhou 2005, section 3.
            self.model._fit_weights = wts
            new_opt_res = self._opt_wtd_nuis_regress(to_test)
                # ^ Uncensored weights' contribution to likelihood value.
            F = self.new_weights
                # ^ M step
            diff = np.abs(new_opt_res - opt_res)
            opt_res = new_opt_res
            iters = iters + 1
        death = np.cumsum(F.flatten()[::-1])
        survivalprob = death[::-1]
        llike = -opt_res + np.sum(np.log(survivalprob[survidx]))
        wtd_km = km.flatten() / np.sum(km)
        survivalmax = np.cumsum(wtd_km[::-1])[::-1]
        llikemax = np.sum(np.log(wtd_km[uncensored])) + \
          np.sum(np.log(survivalmax[censored]))
        if iters == maxiter:
            warnings.warn('The EM reached the maximum number of iterations',
                          IterationLimitWarning)
        return -2 * (llike - llikemax)

 def __init__(self):
     data = stackloss.load()
     data.exog = add_constant(data.exog)
     self.res1 = OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
     self.res2 = RegressionResults()

 def setup_class(cls):
     data = stackloss.load(as_pandas=False)
     data.exog = add_constant(data.exog)
     cls.res1 = OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit()
     cls.res2 = RegressionResults()