Python IPRoute.route方法代码示例

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
def set_net(lease):
    ipr = IPRoute()
    try:
        index = ipr.link_lookup(ifname=lease.interface)[0]
    except IndexError as e:
        logger.error('Interface %s not found, can not set IP.',
                     lease.interface)
    try:
        ipr.addr('add', index, address=lease.address,
                 mask=int(lease.subnet_mask_cidr))
    except NetlinkError as e:
        if ipr.get_addr(index=index)[0].\
                get_attrs('IFA_ADDRESS')[0] == lease.address:
            logger.debug('Interface %s is already set to IP %s' %
                         (lease.interface, lease.address))
        else:
            logger.error(e)
    else:
        logger.debug('Interface %s set to IP %s' %
                     (lease.interface, lease.address))
    try:
        ipr.route('add', dst='0.0.0.0', gateway=lease.router, oif=index)
    except NetlinkError as e:
        if ipr.get_routes(table=254)[0].\
                get_attrs('RTA_GATEWAY')[0] == lease.router:
            logger.debug('Default gateway is already set to %s' %
                         (lease.router))
        else:
            logger.error(e)
    else:
        logger.debug('Default gateway set to %s', lease.router)
    ipr.close()
    set_dns(lease)

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
def condUnshareNet(unshare_net=True):
    if USE_NSPAWN and unshare_net:
        try:
            unshare(CLONE_NEWNET)
            # Set up loopback interface and add default route via loopback in the namespace.
            # Missing default route may confuse some software, see
            # https://github.com/rpm-software-management/mock/issues/113
            ipr = IPRoute()
            dev = ipr.link_lookup(ifname='lo')[0]

            ipr.link('set', index=dev, state='up')
            ipr.route("add", dst="default", gateway="127.0.0.1")
        except exception.UnshareFailed:
            # IPC and UTS ns are supported since the same kernel version. If this
            # fails, there had to be a warning already
            pass
        # pylint: disable=bare-except
        except Exception as e:
            getLog().warning("network namespace setup failed: %s", e)

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
    def configure_link(self, ip4_address, plen, gateway):
        '''
        Configure following attributes for interface inside the container
        - Link-up
        - IP Address
        - Default gateway
        '''
        @staticmethod
        def _intf_error(e, ifname, message):
            raise Error(CNI_ERROR_CONFIG_NS_INTF, message + ifname +
                        ' code ' + str(e.code) + ' message ' + e.message)
            return

        with CniNamespace(self.cni.container_netns):
            iproute = IPRoute()
            intf = iproute.link_lookup(ifname=self.cni.container_ifname)
            if len(intf) == 0:
                raise Error(CNI_ERROR_CONFIG_NS_INTF,
                            'Error finding interface ' +
                            self.cni.container_ifname + ' inside container')
            idx_ns = intf[0]
            try:
                iproute.link('set', index=idx_ns, state='up')
            except NetlinkError as e:
                _intf_error(e, self.cni.container_ifname,
                            'Error setting link state for interface ' +
                            'inside container')
            try:
                iproute.addr('add', index=idx_ns, address=ip4_address,
                              prefixlen=plen)
            except NetlinkError as e:
                if e.code != errno.EEXIST:
                    _intf_error(e, self.cni.container_ifname,
                                'Error setting ip-address for interface ' +
                                'inside container')
            try:
                iproute.route('add', dst='0.0.0.0/0', gateway=gateway)
            except NetlinkError as e:
                if e.code != errno.EEXIST:
                    _intf_error(e, self.cni.container_ifname,
                                'Error adding default route inside container')
        return

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]

#.........这里部分代码省略.........

    def test_fail_not_permitted(self):
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add', 1, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != 1:  # Operation not permitted
                raise
        finally:
            try:
                self.ip.addr('delete', 1, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
            except:
                pass

    def test_fail_no_such_device(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = sorted([i['index'] for i in self.ip.get_links()])[-1] + 10
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add',
                         dev,
                         address='172.16.0.1',
                         mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != 19:  # No such device
                raise

    def test_remove_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        try:
            self.ip.link_remove(self.ifaces[0])
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname=self.dev)) == 0

    def test_get_route(self):
        if not self.ip.get_default_routes(table=254):
            return
        rts = self.ip.get_routes(family=socket.AF_INET,
                                 dst='8.8.8.8',
                                 table=254)
        assert len(rts) > 0

    def test_flush_routes(self):
        require_user('root')
        self.ip.link('set', index=self.ifaces[0], state='up')
        self.ip.addr('add', self.ifaces[0], address='172.16.0.2', mask=24)
        self.ip.route('add',
                      prefix='172.16.1.0',
                      mask=24,
                      gateway='172.16.0.1',
                      table=100)
        self.ip.route('add',
                      prefix='172.16.2.0',
                      mask=24,
                      gateway='172.16.0.1',
                      table=100)

        assert grep('ip route show table 100',
                    pattern='172.16.1.0/24.*172.16.0.1')
        assert grep('ip route show table 100',
                    pattern='172.16.2.0/24.*172.16.0.1')

        self.ip.flush_routes(table=100)

        assert not grep('ip route show table 100',
                        pattern='172.16.1.0/24.*172.16.0.1')
        assert not grep('ip route show table 100',

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]

#.........这里部分代码省略.........
        ifaddr = self.ifaddr()
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add', 1, address=ifaddr, mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != errno.EPERM:  # Operation not permitted
                raise
        finally:
            try:
                self.ip.addr('delete', 1, address=ifaddr, mask=24)
            except:
                pass

    def test_fail_no_such_device(self):
        require_user('root')
        ifaddr = self.ifaddr()
        dev = sorted([i['index'] for i in self.ip.get_links()])[-1] + 10
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add',
                         dev,
                         address=ifaddr,
                         mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != errno.ENODEV:  # No such device
                raise

    def test_remove_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        try:
            self.ip.link('del', index=self.ifaces[0])
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname=self.dev)) == 0

    def _test_route_proto(self, proto, fake, spec=''):
        require_user('root')
        naddr = str(self.ipnets[1].network)
        os.system('ip route add %s/24 via 127.0.0.1 %s' % (naddr, spec))

        time.sleep(1)

        assert grep('ip ro', pattern='%s/24.*127.0.0.1' % naddr)
        try:
            self.ip.route('del',
                          dst='%s/24' % naddr,
                          gateway='127.0.0.1',
                          proto=fake)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        self.ip.route('del',
                      dst='%s/24' % naddr,
                      gateway='127.0.0.1',
                      proto=proto)
        assert not grep('ip ro', pattern='%s/24.*127.0.0.1' % naddr)

    def test_route_proto_static(self):
        return self._test_route_proto('static', 'boot', 'proto static')

    def test_route_proto_static_num(self):
        return self._test_route_proto(4, 3, 'proto static')

    def test_route_proto_boot(self):
        return self._test_route_proto('boot', 4)

    def test_route_proto_boot_num(self):
        return self._test_route_proto(3, 'static')

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]

#.........这里部分代码省略.........

    def test_fail_not_permitted(self):
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add', 1, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != errno.EPERM:  # Operation not permitted
                raise
        finally:
            try:
                self.ip.addr('delete', 1, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
            except:
                pass

    def test_fail_no_such_device(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = sorted([i['index'] for i in self.ip.get_links()])[-1] + 10
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add',
                         dev,
                         address='172.16.0.1',
                         mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != errno.ENODEV:  # No such device
                raise

    def test_remove_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        try:
            self.ip.link_remove(self.ifaces[0])
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname=self.dev)) == 0

    def test_route_get_target(self):
        if not self.ip.get_default_routes(table=254):
            return
        rts = self.ip.get_routes(family=socket.AF_INET,
                                 dst='8.8.8.8',
                                 table=254)
        assert len(rts) > 0

    def test_route_get_by_spec(self):
        self.ip.link('set', index=self.ifaces[0], state='up')
        self.ip.addr('add', index=self.ifaces[0],
                     address='172.16.60.1', mask=24)
        self.ip.addr('add', index=self.ifaces[0],
                     address='172.16.61.1', mask=24)
        rts = self.ip.get_routes(family=socket.AF_INET,
                                 dst=lambda x: x in ('172.16.60.0',
                                                     '172.16.61.0'))
        assert len(rts) == 4

    def test_route_multipath(self):
        require_user('root')
        self.ip.route('add',
                      dst='172.16.241.0',
                      mask=24,
                      multipath=[{'hops': 20,
                                  'ifindex': 1,
                                  'attrs': [['RTA_GATEWAY', '127.0.0.2']]},
                                 {'hops': 30,
                                  'ifindex': 1,
                                  'attrs': [['RTA_GATEWAY', '127.0.0.3']]}])
        assert grep('ip route show', pattern='172.16.241.0/24')
        assert grep('ip route show', pattern='nexthop.*127.0.0.2.*weight 21')
        assert grep('ip route show', pattern='nexthop.*127.0.0.3.*weight 31')

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
class TestData(object):

    def setup(self):
        create_link('dummyX', 'dummy')
        self.release = Event()
        self.ip = IPRoute()
        self.dev = self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='dummyX')

    def teardown(self):
        self.ip.release()
        self.release.set()
        remove_link('dummyX')
        remove_link('bala')

    def test_add_addr(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]
        self.ip.addr('add', dev, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
        assert '172.16.0.1/24' in get_ip_addr()

    def test_remove_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        create_link('bala', 'dummy')
        dev = self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='bala')[0]
        try:
            self.ip.link_remove(dev)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='bala')) == 0

    def test_route(self):
        require_user('root')
        create_link('bala', 'dummy')
        dev = self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='bala')[0]
        self.ip.link('set', index=dev, state='up')
        self.ip.addr('add', dev, address='172.16.0.2', mask=24)
        self.ip.route('add',
                      prefix='172.16.1.0',
                      mask=24,
                      gateway='172.16.0.1')
        assert grep('ip route show', pattern='172.16.1.0/24.*172.16.0.1')
        remove_link('bala')

    def test_updown_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]
        assert not (self.ip.get_links(dev)[0]['flags'] & 1)
        try:
            self.ip.link_up(dev)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert self.ip.get_links(dev)[0]['flags'] & 1
        try:
            self.ip.link_down(dev)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert not (self.ip.get_links(dev)[0]['flags'] & 1)

    def test_callbacks_positive(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]

        self.cb_counter = 0
        self.ip.register_callback(_callback,
                                  lambda e, x: x.get('index', None) == dev,
                                  (self, ))
        self.test_updown_link()
        assert self.cb_counter > 0
        self.ip.unregister_callback(_callback)

    def test_callbacks_negative(self):
        require_user('root')

        self.cb_counter = 0
        self.ip.register_callback(_callback,
                                  lambda e, x: x.get('index', None) == 'bala',
                                  (self, ))
        self.test_updown_link()
        assert self.cb_counter == 0
        self.ip.unregister_callback(_callback)

    def test_rename_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]
        try:
            self.ip.link_rename(dev, 'bala')
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='bala')) == 1
        try:
            self.ip.link_rename(dev, 'dummyX')
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='dummyX')) == 1

    def test_rules(self):
        assert len(get_ip_rules('-4')) == \
            len(self.ip.get_rules(socket.AF_INET))
        assert len(get_ip_rules('-6')) == \
            len(self.ip.get_rules(socket.AF_INET6))
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
class network_module(PtyshModule):

    IP = "IP"
    IP_MASK = "IP/MASK"
    STRING = "STRING"

    def __init__(self):
        super(network_module, self).__init__()
        super(network_module, self).init_node("network", "network node")
        super(network_module, self).add_command("link up", "set link state up", self.cmd_link_up, "link up [link name]")
        super(network_module, self).add_command("link down", "set link state down", self.cmd_link_down, "link down [link name]")

        super(network_module, self).add_command("ip add", "add ip address", self.cmd_ip_add, "ip add [link name] [ip] [mask] ( [broadcast] [primary] )")
        super(network_module, self).add_command("route add", "add route address", self.cmd_route_add, "route add [default|ip|ip/mask] [ip|none] [interface]")

        super(network_module, self).add_command("show link", "show link state", self.cmd_show_link, "show link [link name|none]")
        super(network_module, self).add_command("show link all", "show all link statue", self.cmd_show_link, "show link all")
        super(network_module, self).add_command("show route", "show route state", self.cmd_show_route, "show route")

        self.iproute = IPRoute()
        self.boarder_len = 60

    def get_link_index(self, link_name):
        index = self.iproute.link_lookup(ifname=link_name)
        if len(index) != 0:
            return index[0]
        else:
            raise ValueError("There is no interface.")

    def check_ip_address(self, ip):
        try:
            ret = ip_address(ip)
        except Exception:
            try:
                ret = ip_network(ip)
            except Exception:
                return self.STRING
            return self.IP_MASK
        return self.IP

    def change_link_state(self, state):
        index = self.get_link_index(args[0])
        ret = self.iproute.link("set", index=index, state=state)

        if ret[0]["header"]["error"] is not None:
            raise Exception(ret[0]["header"]["error"])

    def print_output_boarder(self, inner):
        print ("=" * self.boarder_len) if inner else print ("-" * self.boarder_len)

    def print_output_subject(self, subject):
        subject_len = len(subject)
        harf_boarder_len = int((self.boarder_len - (subject_len + 2)) / 2)
        harf_boarder = "-" * harf_boarder_len
        print ("%s %s %s" % (harf_boarder, subject, harf_boarder))

    def print_key_value(self, key, value):
        print ("%s : %s" % (key.ljust(25), value))

    def print_ip_brief(self, idx, interface, state, ip):
        print ("%s%s%s%s" % (idx.ljust(8), interface.ljust(15), state.ljust(10), ip.ljust(27)))

    def print_route_table(self, index, dest, gateway, mask, interface):
        print ("%s%s%s%s%s" % (index.ljust(8), dest.ljust(17), gateway.ljust(17), mask.ljust(8), interface))


    ##### cmd function. #####
    def cmd_link_up(self, args):
        self.change_link_state("up")

    def cmd_link_down(self, args):
        self.change_link_state("down")

    def cmd_ip_add(self, args):
        if len(args) < 3:
            raise TypeError()

        index = self.get_link_index(args[0])

        ip = str(args[1])
        mask = int(args[2])
        broadcast = str(args[3]) if len(args) >= 4 else ""
        primary = args[4] if len(args) == 5 else True

        if primary:
            self.iproute.flush_addr(index=index)

        if broadcast:
            ret = self.iproute.addr("add", index=index, address=ip, mask=mask, broadcast=broadcast)
        else:
            ret = self.iproute.addr("add", index=index, address=ip, mask=mask)

        if len(ret):
            raise Exception(ret)

    def cmd_route_add(self, args):
        if len(args) < 3:
            raise TypeError()

        dest = args[0]
#.........这里部分代码省略.........

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
class TestData(object):

    def setup(self):
        create_link('dummyX', 'dummy')
        self.ip = IPRoute()
        self.dev = self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='dummyX')

    def teardown(self):
        self.ip.release()
        remove_link('dummyX')
        remove_link('bala')

    def test_nla_operators(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]
        self.ip.addr('add', dev, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
        self.ip.addr('add', dev, address='172.16.0.2', mask=24)
        r = [x for x in self.ip.get_addr() if x['index'] == dev]
        complement = r[0] - r[1]
        intersection = r[0] & r[1]

        assert complement.get_attr('IFA_ADDRESS') == '172.16.0.1'
        assert complement.get_attr('IFA_LABEL') is None
        assert complement['prefixlen'] == 0
        assert complement['index'] == 0

        assert intersection.get_attr('IFA_ADDRESS') is None
        assert intersection.get_attr('IFA_LABEL') == 'dummyX'
        assert intersection['prefixlen'] == 24
        assert intersection['index'] == dev

    def test_add_addr(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]
        self.ip.addr('add', dev, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
        assert '172.16.0.1/24' in get_ip_addr()

    def test_remove_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        create_link('bala', 'dummy')
        dev = self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='bala')[0]
        try:
            self.ip.link_remove(dev)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='bala')) == 0

    def test_get_route(self):
        if not self.ip.get_default_routes(table=254):
            return
        rts = self.ip.get_routes(family=socket.AF_INET,
                                 dst='8.8.8.8',
                                 table=254)
        assert len(rts) > 0

    def test_route_table_2048(self):
        require_user('root')
        create_link('bala', 'dummy')
        dev = self.ip.link_lookup(ifname='bala')[0]
        self.ip.link('set', index=dev, state='up')
        self.ip.addr('add', dev, address='172.16.0.2', mask=24)
        self.ip.route('add',
                      prefix='172.16.1.0',
                      mask=24,
                      gateway='172.16.0.1',
                      table=2048)
        assert grep('ip route show table 2048',
                    pattern='172.16.1.0/24.*172.16.0.1')
        remove_link('bala')

    def test_updown_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]
        assert not (self.ip.get_links(dev)[0]['flags'] & 1)
        try:
            self.ip.link_up(dev)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert self.ip.get_links(dev)[0]['flags'] & 1
        try:
            self.ip.link_down(dev)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert not (self.ip.get_links(dev)[0]['flags'] & 1)

    def test_callbacks_positive(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = self.dev[0]

        self.cb_counter = 0
        self.ip.register_callback(_callback,
                                  lambda e, x: x.get('index', None) == dev,
                                  (self, ))
        self.test_updown_link()
        assert self.cb_counter > 0
        self.ip.unregister_callback(_callback)

    def test_callbacks_negative(self):
        require_user('root')

#.........这里部分代码省略.........

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]

#.........这里部分代码省略.........

    def test_fail_not_permitted(self):
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add', 1, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != errno.EPERM:  # Operation not permitted
                raise
        finally:
            try:
                self.ip.addr('delete', 1, address='172.16.0.1', mask=24)
            except:
                pass

    def test_fail_no_such_device(self):
        require_user('root')
        dev = sorted([i['index'] for i in self.ip.get_links()])[-1] + 10
        try:
            self.ip.addr('add',
                         dev,
                         address='172.16.0.1',
                         mask=24)
        except NetlinkError as e:
            if e.code != errno.ENODEV:  # No such device
                raise

    def test_remove_link(self):
        require_user('root')
        try:
            self.ip.link('del', index=self.ifaces[0])
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        assert len(self.ip.link_lookup(ifname=self.dev)) == 0

    def _test_route_proto(self, proto, fake, spec=''):
        require_user('root')
        os.system('ip route add 172.16.3.0/24 via 127.0.0.1 %s' % spec)

        time.sleep(1)

        assert grep('ip ro', pattern='172.16.3.0/24.*127.0.0.1')
        try:
            self.ip.route('del',
                          dst='172.16.3.0/24',
                          gateway='127.0.0.1',
                          proto=fake)
        except NetlinkError:
            pass
        self.ip.route('del',
                      dst='172.16.3.0/24',
                      gateway='127.0.0.1',
                      proto=proto)
        assert not grep('ip ro', pattern='172.16.3.0/24.*127.0.0.1')

    def test_route_proto_static(self):
        return self._test_route_proto('static', 'boot', 'proto static')

    def test_route_proto_static_num(self):
        return self._test_route_proto(4, 3, 'proto static')

    def test_route_proto_boot(self):
        return self._test_route_proto('boot', 4)

    def test_route_proto_boot_num(self):
        return self._test_route_proto(3, 'static')

    def test_route_oif_as_iterable(self):

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
netns.create('test')

# create VETH pair and move v0p1 to netns 'test'
ip.link_create(ifname='v0p0', peer='v0p1', kind='veth')
idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p1')[0]
ip.link('set',
        index=idx,
        net_ns_fd='test')

# bring v0p0 up and add an address
idx = ip.link_lookup(ifname='v0p0')[0]
ip.link('set',
        index=idx,
        state='up')
ip.addr('add',
        index=idx,
        address='10.0.0.1',
        broadcast='10.0.0.255',
        prefixlen=24)


# create a route with metrics
ip.route('add',
         dst='172.16.0.0/24',
         gateway='10.0.0.10',
         metrics={'mtu': 1400,
                  'hoplimit': 16})


# release Netlink socket
ip.close()

# 需要导入模块: from pyroute2 import IPRoute [as 别名]
# 或者: from pyroute2.IPRoute import route [as 别名]
def main(argv):
    if (len(argv) !=  2):
        print('Usage: python pvdtest_veth.py PVD_ID')
        print('PVD_ID := name of the interface that contains PvD-related network configuration')
        sys.exit()

    # Get user-entered PVD ID
    pvdId = sys.argv[1]
    
    # Create IPRoute object for manipulation with a default network namespace
    ipMain = IPRoute()

    # Create a PvD-related network namespace
    pvdNetnsName = getPvdNetnsName(pvdId);
    if (pvdNetnsName in netns.listnetns()):
        netns.remove(pvdNetnsName)
    netns.create(pvdNetnsName)

    # Create IPRoute object for manipulation with a PvD-related network namespace
    netns.setns(pvdNetnsName)
    ipPvd = IPRoute()

    # Activate loopback interface in a PvD-related network namespace
    loIndex = ipPvd.link_lookup(ifname='lo')[0]
    ipPvd.link_up(loIndex)

    # Get addresses from a PvD-related network interface
    pvdIfIndex = ipMain.link_lookup(ifname=getPvdIfName(pvdId))[0]
    pvdAddresses = ipMain.get_addr(index=pvdIfIndex)

    # Get current routes
    pvdRoutes = ipMain.get_routes()

    # Create bridge
    bridge = getPvdBridgeName(pvdId)
    ipMain.link_create(ifname=bridge, kind='bridge')

    # Create veth interface
    (veth0, veth1) = getPvdVethNames(pvdId)
    ipMain.link_create(ifname=veth0, kind='veth', peer=veth1)

    # Move one end of the veth interafce to a PvD-related network namespace
    veth1Index = ipMain.link_lookup(ifname=veth1)[0]
    ipMain.link('set', index=veth1Index, net_ns_fd=pvdNetnsName)

    # Shut down and remove addresses from the PvD interface before adding it to the bridge
    ipMain.link_down(pvdIfIndex)
    ipMain.flush_addr(pvdIfIndex)

    # Make a bridge between PvD interface and one end of veth interface
    veth0Index = ipMain.link_lookup(ifname=veth0)[0]
    bridgeIndex = ipMain.link_lookup(ifname=bridge)[0]
    ipMain.link('set', index=veth0Index, master=bridgeIndex)
    ipMain.link('set', index=pvdIfIndex, master=bridgeIndex)

    # Activate bridge and connected interfaces
    ipMain.link_up(pvdIfIndex)
    ipMain.link_up(veth0Index)
    ipMain.link_up(bridgeIndex)
    ipPvd.link_up(veth1Index)

    # Configure bridge and another end of the veth interface with PvD-related network parameters + add routes
    ipMain.flush_routes()
    ipPvd.flush_routes()
    for address in pvdAddresses:
        ipAddress = broadcastAddress = netmask = addrFamily = None
        for attr in address['attrs']:
            if attr[0] == 'IFA_ADDRESS':
                ipAddress = attr[1]
            if attr[0] == 'IFA_BROADCAST':
                broadcastAddress = attr[1]
        netmask = address['prefixlen']
        addrFamily = address['family']
        # Configure bridge
        try:
            ipMain.addr('add', index=bridgeIndex, family=addrFamily, address=ipAddress, broadcast=broadcastAddress, mask=netmask)
        except:
            pass
        # Configure veth
        try:
            ipPvd.addr('add', index=veth1Index, family=addrFamily, address=ipAddress, broadcast=broadcastAddress, mask=netmask)
        except:
            pass
        # Configure routes
        # Some routes are added during interface IP address/netmask configuration, skip them if already there
        ipNetwork = IPNetwork(ipAddress + '/' + str(netmask))
        try:
            ipMain.route('add', dst=str(ipNetwork.network), mask=netmask, oif=bridgeIndex, src=ipAddress, rtproto='RTPROT_STATIC', rtscope='RT_SCOPE_LINK')
        except:
            pass
        try:
            ipPvd.route('add', dst=str(ipNetwork.network), mask=netmask, oif=veth1Index, src=ipAddress, rtproto='RTPROT_STATIC', rtscope='RT_SCOPE_LINK')
        except:
            pass

    # Fing gateway(s) and add default routes
    defGateways = []
    for route in pvdRoutes:
        for attr in route['attrs']:
            if (attr[0] == 'RTA_GATEWAY' and attr[1] not in defGateways):
#.........这里部分代码省略.........