Python pylab.pyplot函数代码示例

def geweke_plot(data, name, format='png', suffix='-diagnostic', path='./', fontmap = None, 
    verbose=1):
    # Generate Geweke (1992) diagnostic plots

    if fontmap is None: fontmap = {1:10, 2:8, 3:6, 4:5, 5:4}

    # Generate new scatter plot
    figure()
    x, y = transpose(data)
    scatter(x.tolist(), y.tolist())

    # Plot options
    xlabel('First iteration', fontsize='x-small')
    ylabel('Z-score for %s' % name, fontsize='x-small')

    # Plot lines at +/- 2 sd from zero
    pyplot((nmin(x), nmax(x)), (2, 2), '--')
    pyplot((nmin(x), nmax(x)), (-2, -2), '--')

    # Set plot bound
    ylim(min(-2.5, nmin(y)), max(2.5, nmax(y)))
    xlim(0, nmax(x))

    # Save to file
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.mkdir(path)
    if not path.endswith('/'):
        path += '/'
    savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, name, suffix, format))

    def display(self, xaxis, alpha, new=True):
        """
        E.display(xaxis, alpha = .8)

        :Arguments: xaxis, alpha

        Plots the CI region on the current figure, with respect to
        xaxis, at opacity alpha.

        :Note: The fill color of the envelope will be self.mass
            on the grayscale.
        """
        if new:
            figure()
        if self.ndim == 1:
            if self.mass>0.:
                x = concatenate((xaxis,xaxis[::-1]))
                y = concatenate((self.lo, self.hi[::-1]))
                fill(x,y,facecolor='%f' % self.mass,alpha=alpha, label = ('centered CI ' + str(self.mass)))
            else:
                pyplot(xaxis,self.value,'k-',alpha=alpha, label = ('median'))
        else:
            if self.mass>0.:
                subplot(1,2,1)
                contourf(xaxis[0],xaxis[1],self.lo,cmap=cm.bone)
                colorbar()
                subplot(1,2,2)
                contourf(xaxis[0],xaxis[1],self.hi,cmap=cm.bone)
                colorbar()
            else:
                contourf(xaxis[0],xaxis[1],self.value,cmap=cm.bone)
                colorbar()

def trace(data, name, format='png', datarange=(None, None), suffix='', path='./', rows=1, columns=1, 
    num=1, last=True, fontmap = None, verbose=1):
    """
    Generates trace plot from an array of data.

    :Arguments:
        data: array or list
            Usually a trace from an MCMC sample.

        name: string
            The name of the trace.
            
        datarange: tuple or list
            Preferred y-range of trace (defaults to (None,None)).

        format (optional): string
            Graphic output format (defaults to png).

        suffix (optional): string
            Filename suffix.

        path (optional): string
            Specifies location for saving plots (defaults to local directory).
            
        fontmap (optional): dict
            Font map for plot.

    """

    if fontmap is None: fontmap = {1:10, 2:8, 3:6, 4:5, 5:4}

    # Stand-alone plot or subplot?
    standalone = rows==1 and columns==1 and num==1

    if standalone:
        if verbose>0:
            print_('Plotting', name)
        figure()

    subplot(rows, columns, num)
    pyplot(data.tolist())
    ylim(datarange)

    # Plot options
    title('\n\n   %s trace'%name, x=0., y=1., ha='left', va='top', fontsize='small')

    # Smaller tick labels
    tlabels = gca().get_xticklabels()
    setp(tlabels, 'fontsize', fontmap[rows/2])

    tlabels = gca().get_yticklabels()
    setp(tlabels, 'fontsize', fontmap[rows/2])

    if standalone:
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            os.mkdir(path)
        if not path.endswith('/'):
            path += '/'
        # Save to file
        savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, name, suffix, format))

def trace(data, name, format='png', datarange=(None, None), suffix='', path='./', rows=1, columns=1, num=1, last=True, fontmap = {1:10, 2:8, 3:6, 4:5, 5:4}, verbose=1):
    # Internal plotting specification for handling nested arrays

    # Stand-alone plot or subplot?
    standalone = rows==1 and columns==1 and num==1

    if standalone:
        if verbose>0:
            print 'Plotting', name
        figure()

    subplot(rows, columns, num)
    pyplot(data.tolist())
    ylim(datarange)

    # Plot options
    if last:
        xlabel('Iteration', fontsize='x-small')
    ylabel(name, fontsize='x-small')

    # Smaller tick labels
    tlabels = gca().get_xticklabels()
    setp(tlabels, 'fontsize', fontmap[rows])

    tlabels = gca().get_yticklabels()
    setp(tlabels, 'fontsize', fontmap[rows])

    if standalone:
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            os.mkdir(path)
        if not path.endswith('/'):
            path += '/'
        # Save to file
        savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, name, suffix, format))

def geweke_plot(data,
                name,
                format='png',
                suffix='-diagnostic',
                path='./',
                fontmap=None):
    '''
    Generate Geweke (1992) diagnostic plots.
    
    :Arguments:
        data: list
            List (or list of lists for vector-valued variables) of Geweke diagnostics, output
            from the `pymc.diagnostics.geweke` function .

        name: string
            The name of the plot.

        format (optional): string
            Graphic output format (defaults to png).

        suffix (optional): string
            Filename suffix (defaults to "-diagnostic").

        path (optional): string
            Specifies location for saving plots (defaults to local directory).

        fontmap (optional): dict
            Font map for plot.
    
    '''

    if fontmap is None:
        fontmap = {1: 10, 2: 8, 3: 6, 4: 5, 5: 4}

    # Generate new scatter plot
    figure()
    x, y = transpose(data)
    scatter(x.tolist(), y.tolist())

    # Plot options
    xlabel('First iteration', fontsize='x-small')
    ylabel('Z-score for %s' % name, fontsize='x-small')

    # Plot lines at +/- 2 sd from zero
    pyplot((nmin(x), nmax(x)), (2, 2), '--')
    pyplot((nmin(x), nmax(x)), (-2, -2), '--')

    # Set plot bound
    ylim(min(-2.5, nmin(y)), max(2.5, nmax(y)))
    xlim(0, nmax(x))

    # Save to file
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.mkdir(path)
    if not path.endswith('/'):
        path += '/'
    savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, name, suffix, format))

def zplot(pvalue_dict,
          name='',
          format='png',
          path='./',
          fontmap=None,
          verbose=1):
    """Plots absolute values of z-scores for model validation output from
    diagnostics.validate()."""

    if verbose:
        print_('\nGenerating model validation plot')

    if fontmap is None:
        fontmap = {1: 10, 2: 8, 3: 6, 4: 5, 5: 4}

    x, y, labels = [], [], []

    for i, var in enumerate(pvalue_dict):

        # Get p-values
        pvals = pvalue_dict[var]
        # Take absolute values of inverse-standard normals
        zvals = abs(special.ndtri(pvals))

        x = append(x, zvals)
        y = append(y, ones(size(zvals)) * (i + 1))

        vname = var
        vname += " (%i)" % size(zvals)
        labels = append(labels, vname)

    # Spawn new figure
    figure()
    subplot(111)
    subplots_adjust(left=0.25, bottom=0.1)
    # Plot scores
    pyplot(x, y, 'o')
    # Set range on axes
    ylim(0, size(pvalue_dict) + 2)
    xlim(xmin=0)
    # Tick labels for y-axis
    yticks(arange(len(labels) + 2), append(append("", labels), ""))
    # X label
    xlabel("Absolute z transformation of p-values")

    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.mkdir(path)
    if not path.endswith('/'):
        path += '/'

    if name:
        name += '-'

    savefig("%s%svalidation.%s" % (path, name, format))

def discrepancy_plot(
    data, name="discrepancy", report_p=True, format="png", suffix="-gof", path="./", fontmap=None, verbose=1
):
    # Generate goodness-of-fit deviate scatter plot

    if verbose > 0:
        print_("Plotting", name + suffix)

    if fontmap is None:
        fontmap = {1: 10, 2: 8, 3: 6, 4: 5, 5: 4}

    # Generate new scatter plot
    figure()
    try:
        x, y = transpose(data)
    except ValueError:
        x, y = data
    scatter(x, y)

    # Plot x=y line
    lo = nmin(ravel(data))
    hi = nmax(ravel(data))
    datarange = hi - lo
    lo -= 0.1 * datarange
    hi += 0.1 * datarange
    pyplot((lo, hi), (lo, hi))

    # Plot options
    xlabel("Observed deviates", fontsize="x-small")
    ylabel("Simulated deviates", fontsize="x-small")

    if report_p:
        # Put p-value in legend
        count = sum(s > o for o, s in zip(x, y))
        text(
            lo + 0.1 * datarange,
            hi - 0.1 * datarange,
            "p=%.3f" % (count / len(x)),
            horizontalalignment="center",
            fontsize=10,
        )

    # Save to file
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.mkdir(path)
    if not path.endswith("/"):
        path += "/"
    savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, name, suffix, format))

def trace(
    data,
    name,
    format="png",
    datarange=(None, None),
    suffix="",
    path="./",
    rows=1,
    columns=1,
    num=1,
    last=True,
    fontmap=None,
    verbose=1,
):
    # Internal plotting specification for handling nested arrays

    if fontmap is None:
        fontmap = {1: 10, 2: 8, 3: 6, 4: 5, 5: 4}

    # Stand-alone plot or subplot?
    standalone = rows == 1 and columns == 1 and num == 1

    if standalone:
        if verbose > 0:
            print_("Plotting", name)
        figure()

    subplot(rows, columns, num)
    pyplot(data.tolist())
    ylim(datarange)

    # Plot options
    title("\n\n   %s trace" % name, x=0.0, y=1.0, ha="left", va="top", fontsize="small")

    # Smaller tick labels
    tlabels = gca().get_xticklabels()
    setp(tlabels, "fontsize", fontmap[rows / 2])

    tlabels = gca().get_yticklabels()
    setp(tlabels, "fontsize", fontmap[rows / 2])

    if standalone:
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            os.mkdir(path)
        if not path.endswith("/"):
            path += "/"
        # Save to file
        savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, name, suffix, format))

def test_mesh_metric():
    mesh = RectangleMesh(0,0,1,1,20,20)
    mesh = adapt(interpolate(Constant(((10.,0.),(0.,10.))),TensorFunctionSpace(mesh,'CG',1)))
    #extract mesh metric
    MpH = mesh_metric2(mesh)
    # Plot element i
    i = 20; t = linspace(0,2*pi,101)
    ind = MpH.function_space().dofmap().cell_dofs(i)
    thecell = mesh.cells()[i]
    centerxy = mesh.coordinates()[thecell,:].mean(0).repeat(3).reshape([2,3]).T
    cxy = mesh.coordinates()[thecell,:]-centerxy
    pyplot(cxy[:,0],cxy[:,1],'-b')
    H = MpH.vector().gather(ind).reshape(2,2);# H = array([[H[1],H[0]],[H[0],H[2]]])
    #H = MpH.vector().gather(ind); H = array([[H[1],H[0]],[H[0],H[2]]])
    #H = MpH.vector().array()[ind]; H = array([[H[1],H[0]],[H[0],H[2]]])
    [v,w] = linalg.eig(H); v /= pysqrt(3) #v = 1/pysqrt(v)/pysqrt(3)
    elxy = array([pycos(t),pysin(t)]).T.dot(w).dot(diag(v)).dot(w.T)
    hold('on'); pyplot(elxy[:,0],elxy[:,1],'-r'); hold('off'); axis('equal')
    print('triangle area: %0.6f, ellipse axis product(*3*sqrt(3)/4): %0.6f' % (pyabs(linalg.det(array([cxy[1,:]-cxy[0,:],cxy[2,:]-cxy[0,:]])))/2,v[0]*v[1]*3*sqrt(3)/4))
    show()

def discrepancy_plot(data, name, report_p=True, format='png', suffix='-gof', path='./', fontmap = {1:10, 2:8, 3:6, 4:5, 5:4}, verbose=1):
    # Generate goodness-of-fit deviate scatter plot
    if verbose>0:
        print 'Plotting', name+suffix

    # Generate new scatter plot
    figure()
    try:
        x, y = transpose(data)
    except ValueError:
        x, y = data
    scatter(x, y)

    # Plot x=y line
    lo = nmin(ravel(data))
    hi = nmax(ravel(data))
    datarange = hi-lo
    lo -= 0.1*datarange
    hi += 0.1*datarange
    pyplot((lo, hi), (lo, hi))

    # Plot options
    xlabel('Observed deviates', fontsize='x-small')
    ylabel('Simulated deviates', fontsize='x-small')

    if report_p:
        # Put p-value in legend
        count = sum(s>o for o,s in zip(x,y))
        text(lo+0.1*datarange, hi-0.1*datarange,
             'p=%.3f' % (count/len(x)), horizontalalignment='center',
             fontsize=10)

    # Save to file
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.mkdir(path)
    if not path.endswith('/'):
        path += '/'
    savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, name, suffix, format))

def _plot_time(file_name, down_sample=1):
    from pylab import plot as pyplot
    from pylab import arange, xlabel, ylabel, title, grid, show

    try:
        down_sample = int(down_sample)
    except TypeError:
        print("argument down_sample must be int")
        raise SystemExit
    wr = wave.open(file_name, 'r')
    song = _time_data(wr, down_sample=down_sample)
    num_frames = wr.getnframes()
    frame_rate = wr.getframerate()

    t = arange(0.0, (num_frames - down_sample) / frame_rate, down_sample / frame_rate)
    
    pyplot(t, song)

    xlabel('time (s)')
    ylabel('amplitude (maximum 2^8, minimum -2^8)')
    title('Amplitude of track {} over time'.format(file_name))
    grid(True)
    show()

    def display(self, axes, xlab=None, ylab=None, name=None, new=True):
        if name:
            name_str = name
        else:
            name_str = ''

        if self.ndim == 1:
            if new:
                figure()
            pyplot(axes, self.lo, 'k-.', label=name_str + ' mean-sd')
            pyplot(axes, self.hi, 'k-.', label=name_str + 'mean+sd')
            pyplot(axes, self.mean, 'k-', label=name_str + 'mean')
            if name:
                title(name)

        elif self.ndim == 2:
            if new:
                figure(figsize=(14, 4))
            subplot(1, 3, 1)
            contourf(axes[0], axes[1], self.lo, cmap=cm.bone)
            title(name_str + ' mean-sd')
            if xlab:
                xlabel(xlab)
            if ylab:
                ylabel(ylab)
            colorbar()

            subplot(1, 3, 2)
            contourf(axes[0], axes[1], self.mean, cmap=cm.bone)
            title(name_str + ' mean')
            if xlab:
                xlabel(xlab)
            if ylab:
                ylabel(ylab)
            colorbar()

            subplot(1, 3, 3)
            contourf(axes[0], axes[1], self.hi, cmap=cm.bone)
            title(name_str + ' mean+sd')
            if xlab:
                xlabel(xlab)
            if ylab:
                ylabel(ylab)
            colorbar()
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                'Only 1- and 2- dimensional functions can be displayed')
        savefig(
            "%s%s%s.%s" % (
                self._plotpath,
                self.name,
                self.suffix,
                self._format))

#.........这里部分代码省略.........
            value = variable.value

        # Number of elements in current variable
        k = size(value)
        
        # Append variable name(s) to list
        if k > 1:
            names = var_str(varname, shape(value)[int(shape(value)[0]==1):])
            labels += names
        else:
            labels.append(varname)
            # labels.append('\n'.join(varname.split('_')))

        # Add spacing for each chain, if more than one
        e = [0] + [(chain_spacing * ((i + 2) / 2)) * (
            -1) ** i for i in range(chains - 1)]

        # Loop over chains
        for j, quants in enumerate(data):

            # Deal with multivariate nodes
            if k > 1:
                ravelled_quants = list(map(ravel, quants))
                
                for i, quant in enumerate(transpose(ravelled_quants)):

                    q = ravel(quant)
                    
                    # Y coordinate with jitter
                    y = -(var + i) + e[j]

                    if quartiles:
                        # Plot median
                        pyplot(q[2], y, 'bo', markersize=4)
                        # Plot quartile interval
                        errorbar(
                            x=(q[1],
                                q[3]),
                            y=(y,
                                y),
                            linewidth=2,
                            color="blue")

                    else:
                        # Plot median
                        pyplot(q[1], y, 'bo', markersize=4)

                    # Plot outer interval
                    errorbar(
                        x=(q[0],
                            q[-1]),
                        y=(y,
                            y),
                        linewidth=1,
                        color="blue")

            else:

                # Y coordinate with jitter
                y = -var + e[j]

                if quartiles:
                    # Plot median
                    pyplot(quants[2], y, 'bo', markersize=4)
                    # Plot quartile interval
                    errorbar(

#.........这里部分代码省略.........
        try:
            # First try missing-value stochastic
            value = variable.get_stoch_value()
        except AttributeError:
            # All other variable types
            value = variable.value

        # Number of elements in current variable
        k = size(value)
        
        # Append variable name(s) to list
        if k>1:
            names = var_str(varname, shape(value))
            labels += names
        else:
            labels.append('\n'.join(varname.split('_')))
            
        # Add spacing for each chain, if more than one
        e = [0] + [(chain_spacing * ((i+2)/2))*(-1)**i for i in range(chains-1)]
        
        # Loop over chains
        for j,quants in enumerate(data):
            
            # Deal with multivariate nodes
            if k>1:

                for i,q in enumerate(transpose(quants)):
                    
                    # Y coordinate with jitter
                    y = -(var+i) + e[j]
                    
                    if quartiles:
                        # Plot median
                        pyplot(q[2], y, 'bo', markersize=4)
                        # Plot quartile interval
                        errorbar(x=(q[1],q[3]), y=(y,y), linewidth=2, color="blue")
                        
                    else:
                        # Plot median
                        pyplot(q[1], y, 'bo', markersize=4)

                    # Plot outer interval
                    errorbar(x=(q[0],q[-1]), y=(y,y), linewidth=1, color="blue")

            else:
                
                # Y coordinate with jitter
                y = -var + e[j]
                
                if quartiles:
                    # Plot median
                    pyplot(quants[2], y, 'bo', markersize=4)
                    # Plot quartile interval
                    errorbar(x=(quants[1],quants[3]), y=(y,y), linewidth=2, color="blue")
                else:
                    # Plot median
                    pyplot(quants[1], y, 'bo', markersize=4)
                
                # Plot outer interval
                errorbar(x=(quants[0],quants[-1]), y=(y,y), linewidth=1, color="blue")
            
        # Increment index
        var += k
        
    # Define range of y-axis
    ylim(-var+0.5, -0.5)

#.........这里部分代码省略.........
        for p in nodes:
            trueval[p] = None

    np=len(nodes)
    ns = {}
    for p in nodes:
        if not p.value.shape:
            ns[p] = 1
        else:
            ns[p] = len(p.value.ravel())

    index_now = -1
    tracelen = {}
    ravelledtrace={}
    titles={}
    indices={}
    cum_indices={}


    for p in nodes:

        tracelen[p] = p.trace().shape[0]
        ravelledtrace[p] = p.trace().reshape((tracelen[p],-1))
        titles[p]=[]
        indices[p] = []
        cum_indices[p]=[]

        for j in range(ns[p]):
            # Should this index be included?
            if mask[p]:
                if not mask[p].ravel()[j]:
                    indices[p].append(j)
                    this_index=True
                else:
                    this_index=False
            else:
                indices[p].append(j)
                this_index=True
            # If so:
            if this_index:
                index_now+=1
                cum_indices[p].append(index_now)
                # Figure out title string
                if ns[p]==1:
                    titles[p].append(p.__name__)
                else:
                    titles[p].append(p.__name__ + get_index_list(p.value.shape,j).__repr__())

    if new:
        figure(figsize = (10,10))

    n = index_now+1
    for p in nodes:
        for j in range(len(indices[p])):
            # Marginals
            ax=subplot(n,n,(cum_indices[p][j])*(n+1)+1)
            setp(ax.get_xticklabels(),fontsize=fontsize)
            setp(ax.get_yticklabels(),fontsize=fontsize)
            hist(ravelledtrace[p][:,j],normed=True,fill=False)
            xlabel(titles[p][j],size=fontsize)

    # Bivariates
    for i in range(len(nodes)-1):
        p0 = nodes[i]
        for j in range(len(indices[p0])):
            p0_i = indices[p0][j]
            p0_ci = cum_indices[p0][j]
            for k in range(i,len(nodes)):
                p1=nodes[k]
                if i==k:
                    l_range = range(j+1,len(indices[p0]))
                else:
                    l_range = range(len(indices[p1]))
                for l  in l_range:
                    p1_i = indices[p1][l]
                    p1_ci = cum_indices[p1][l]
                    subplot_index = p0_ci*(n) + p1_ci+1
                    ax=subplot(n, n, subplot_index)
                    setp(ax.get_xticklabels(),fontsize=fontsize)
                    setp(ax.get_yticklabels(),fontsize=fontsize)

                    try:
                        H, x, y = histogram2d(ravelledtrace[p1][:,p1_i],ravelledtrace[p0][:,p0_i])
                        contourf(x,y,H,cmap=cm.bone)
                    except:
                        print 'Unable to plot histogram for ('+titles[p1][l]+','+titles[p0][j]+'):'
                        pyplot(ravelledtrace[p1][:,p1_i],ravelledtrace[p0][:,p0_i],'k.',markersize=1.)
                        axis('tight')

                    xlabel(titles[p1][l],size=fontsize)
                    ylabel(titles[p0][j],size=fontsize)

    plotname = ''
    for obj in nodes:
        plotname += obj.__name__ + ''
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.mkdir(path)
    if not path.endswith('/'):
        path += '/'
    savefig("%s%s%s.%s" % (path, plotname, suffix, format))