C++ VertexBufferBinding::setBinding方法代码示例

    Selection2D::Selection2D(bool includeTextureCoords) 
    {
        // use identity projection and view matrices
        mUseIdentityProjection = true;
        mUseIdentityView = true;

        mRenderOp.vertexData = OGRE_NEW Ogre::VertexData();
        mRenderOp.indexData = 0;
        mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = 5;
        mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
        mRenderOp.operationType = Ogre::RenderOperation::OT_LINE_STRIP;
        mRenderOp.useIndexes = false;
        Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
        Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;
        decl->addElement(0, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
        Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(
            decl->getVertexSize(0), mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
        // Bind buffer
        bind->setBinding(0, vbuf);

        this->setCastShadows(false);
        this->setQueryFlags(0); // set a query flag to exlude from queries (if necessary).

        // set basic white material
        this->setMaterial("BaseWhiteNoLighting");
    }

/// @author https://bitbucket.org/ChaosCreator/imgui-ogre2.1-binding/src/8f1a01db510f543a987c3c16859d0a33400d9097/ImguiRenderable.cpp?at=master&fileviewer=file-view-default
/// Commentary on OGRE forums: http://www.ogre3d.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=89081#p531059
void OgreImGui::ImGUIRenderable::updateVertexData(const ImDrawVert* vtxBuf, const ImDrawIdx* idxBuf, unsigned int vtxCount, unsigned int idxCount)
{
    Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

    if (bind->getBindings().empty() || mVertexBufferSize != vtxCount)
    {
        mVertexBufferSize = vtxCount;

        bind->setBinding(0, Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(sizeof(ImDrawVert), mVertexBufferSize, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_WRITE_ONLY));
    }
    if (mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer.isNull() || mIndexBufferSize != idxCount)
    {
        mIndexBufferSize = idxCount;

        mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer =
            Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createIndexBuffer(Ogre::HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_16BIT, mIndexBufferSize, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_WRITE_ONLY);
    }

    // Copy all vertices
    ImDrawVert* vtxDst = (ImDrawVert*)(bind->getBuffer(0)->lock(Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));
    ImDrawIdx* idxDst = (ImDrawIdx*)(mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer->lock(Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));

    memcpy(vtxDst, vtxBuf, mVertexBufferSize * sizeof(ImDrawVert));
    memcpy(idxDst, idxBuf, mIndexBufferSize * sizeof(ImDrawIdx));

    mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
    mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = vtxCount;
    mRenderOp.indexData->indexStart = 0;
    mRenderOp.indexData->indexCount = idxCount;


    bind->getBuffer(0)->unlock();
    mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer->unlock();
}

void OgreImGui::ImGUIRenderable::updateVertexData(ImDrawData* draw_data,unsigned int cmdIndex)
{
    Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind   = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

    const ImDrawList* cmd_list = draw_data->CmdLists[cmdIndex];

    if (bind->getBindings().empty() || mVertexBufferSize != cmd_list->VtxBuffer.size())
    {
        mVertexBufferSize = cmd_list->VtxBuffer.size();
        bind->setBinding(0,Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(sizeof(ImDrawVert),mVertexBufferSize,Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_WRITE_ONLY));
    }

    if (mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer.isNull() || mIndexBufferSize != cmd_list->IdxBuffer.size())
    {
        mIndexBufferSize = cmd_list->IdxBuffer.size();

        mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer=
        Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createIndexBuffer(Ogre::HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_16BIT,mIndexBufferSize,Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_WRITE_ONLY);
    }

    // Copy all vertices
    ImDrawVert* vtx_dst = (ImDrawVert*)(bind->getBuffer(0)->lock(Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));
    ImDrawIdx* idx_dst = (ImDrawIdx*)(mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer->lock(Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));

    memcpy(vtx_dst, &cmd_list->VtxBuffer[0], mVertexBufferSize * sizeof(ImDrawVert));
    memcpy(idx_dst, &cmd_list->IdxBuffer[0], mIndexBufferSize * sizeof(ImDrawIdx));

    mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
    mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount =  cmd_list->VtxBuffer.size();
    mRenderOp.indexData->indexStart = 0;
    mRenderOp.indexData->indexCount =  cmd_list->IdxBuffer.size();

    bind->getBuffer(0)->unlock();
    mRenderOp.indexData->indexBuffer->unlock();
}

PortalOutlineRenderable::PortalOutlineRenderable(Ogre::String matname, Ogre::ColourValue colour)
{

	mRenderOp.vertexData = OGRE_NEW Ogre::VertexData();
	mRenderOp.indexData = 0;
	mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = 10;//8
	mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
	mRenderOp.operationType = Ogre::RenderOperation::OT_LINE_LIST;
	mRenderOp.useIndexes = false;
	Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
	Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;
	decl->addElement(0, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
	Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(
		decl->getVertexSize(0), mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
	// Bind buffer
	bind->setBinding(0, vbuf);
	// setup material
	createPortalMaterials();
	//Ogre::ResourceManager::ResourceCreateOrRetrieveResult result = Ogre::MaterialManager::getSingleton().createOrRetrieve(matname, "General");
	//if(result.second)
	//{
	//	Ogre::MaterialPtr matptrOBBoxManualMaterial = result.first;
	//    matptrOBBoxManualMaterial->setReceiveShadows(false);
	//    matptrOBBoxManualMaterial->getTechnique(0)->setLightingEnabled(true);
	//    matptrOBBoxManualMaterial->getTechnique(0)->getPass(0)->setDiffuse(colour);
	//    matptrOBBoxManualMaterial->getTechnique(0)->getPass(0)->setAmbient(colour);
	//    matptrOBBoxManualMaterial->getTechnique(0)->getPass(0)->setSelfIllumination(colour);
	//}


    this->setCastShadows(false);
    this->setQueryFlags(0); // set a query flag to exlude from queries (if necessary).
	this->setMaterial("PortalOutlineMaterial");
}

        Line3D::Line3D()
        {
            mRenderOp.vertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
            this->SelfNode = Entresol::GetSingletonPtr()->GetSceneManager()->GetGraphicsWorldPointer()->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode();

            // Initialization stuff
            mRenderOp.indexData = 0;
            mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = 1024;
            mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
            mRenderOp.operationType = Ogre::RenderOperation::OT_LINE_LIST;
            mRenderOp.useIndexes = false;

            Ogre::VertexDeclaration* VDecl = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
            Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* VBind = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

            size_t Offset = 0;
            // Position.
            VDecl->addElement(0,0,Ogre::VET_FLOAT3,Ogre::VES_POSITION);
            Offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3);

            // Colour
            VDecl->addElement(0,Offset,Ogre::VET_FLOAT4,Ogre::VES_DIFFUSE);
            Offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT4);

            this->VertexBuffer = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(
                    VDecl->getVertexSize(0),
                    mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount,
                    Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_DYNAMIC_WRITE_ONLY_DISCARDABLE,
                    false);

            VBind->setBinding(0,this->VertexBuffer);

            this->setMaterial("BaseWhiteNoLighting");
        }

   AxisRenderable::AxisRenderable(int lineCount,Ogre::Camera* camera,Ogre::Viewport* viewport) 
   {
        // Disable cast shadows by default
        mCastShadows = false;

      mPrevAxisGizmoSelAxis = -1;
      mCamera = camera;
      mViewport = viewport;

      m_max_line_count = m_line_count  = lineCount;
      m_line_count = 0;

      mLength = 200;
      mProjectDistance = mCamera->getFarClipDistance();
      m_local = false;
      m_locked_data = 0;
      //m_locked_buffer = 0;
      mRenderOp.vertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
      m_radius = 0;

      mRenderOp.indexData = 0;
      mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = m_line_count*2;
      mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;

      mRenderOp.operationType = Ogre::RenderOperation::OT_LINE_LIST; 
      mRenderOp.useIndexes = false; 

      Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
      Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

      decl->addElement(0, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
      decl->addElement(0, 3*sizeof(Ogre::Real), Ogre::VET_COLOUR, Ogre::VES_DIFFUSE);

      Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = 
         Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(
         decl->getVertexSize(0),
         2*m_max_line_count,
         Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_WRITE_ONLY);

      bind->setBinding(0, vbuf);

      // Obtain the pure colour material
      Ogre::MaterialPtr pureColourMaterial = createPureColourMaterial(Ogre::ColourValue(1,1,0));

      Ogre::String realName = pureColourMaterial->getName() + "_NoDepthBuffer";
      Ogre::MaterialPtr material = Ogre::MaterialManager::getSingleton().getByName(realName);
      if (material.isNull())
      {
          // Clone to avoid confuse somewhere else that using the same material
          material = pureColourMaterial->clone(realName);
          material->setDepthCheckEnabled(false);
          material->setDepthWriteEnabled(false);
      }

      setMaterial(material->getName());

      mBox.setExtents(-10,-10,-10,10,10,10);
      setQueryFlags(0);
   }

void Canvas::resizeBuffers()
{
	if(bufferSize < quadList.size())
	{
		bufferSize = quadList.size() * 2;
		destroyBuffers();
	}

	if(!vertexData)
	{
		vertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
		vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
		vertexData->vertexCount = bufferSize * 4;

		Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
		Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* binding = vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

		size_t offset = 0;
		decl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
		offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3);
		decl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_COLOUR, Ogre::VES_DIFFUSE);
		offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_COLOUR);
		decl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT2, Ogre::VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES, 0);

		buffer = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(
			decl->getVertexSize(0), vertexData->vertexCount, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_DYNAMIC_WRITE_ONLY_DISCARDABLE);
		binding->setBinding(0, buffer);
	}

	if(!indexData)
	{
		indexData = new Ogre::IndexData();
		indexData->indexStart = 0;
		indexData->indexCount = bufferSize * 6;

		indexData->indexBuffer = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createIndexBuffer(
			Ogre::HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_16BIT, indexData->indexCount, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);

		unsigned short* indexBuffer = (unsigned short*)indexData->indexBuffer->lock(0, indexData->indexBuffer->getSizeInBytes(), Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD);

		// Indexes are generated here because we know that we will only be rendering quads
		// This means that we only have to handle updating the vertex buffer in Canvas::updateGeometry
		for(size_t indexIdx, vertexIdx, quadIdx = 0; quadIdx < bufferSize; quadIdx++)
		{
			indexIdx = quadIdx * 6;
			vertexIdx = quadIdx * 4;

			indexBuffer[indexIdx++] = (unsigned short)(vertexIdx + 0);
			indexBuffer[indexIdx++] = (unsigned short)(vertexIdx + 2);
			indexBuffer[indexIdx++] = (unsigned short)(vertexIdx + 1);
			indexBuffer[indexIdx++] = (unsigned short)(vertexIdx + 1);
			indexBuffer[indexIdx++] = (unsigned short)(vertexIdx + 2);
			indexBuffer[indexIdx++] = (unsigned short)(vertexIdx + 3);
		}

		indexData->indexBuffer->unlock();
	}
}

void DebugLines::draw()
{
   if(_drawn) return;
   else _drawn = true;

   // Initialization stuff
   mRenderOp.indexData = 0;
   mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = _points.size();
   mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
   mRenderOp.operationType = RenderOperation::OT_LINE_LIST;
   mRenderOp.useIndexes = false;

   Ogre::VertexDeclaration *decl = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
   Ogre::VertexBufferBinding *bind = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

   decl->addElement(0, 0, VET_FLOAT3, VES_POSITION);

   HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf =
	   HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(
         decl->getVertexSize(0),
         mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount,
		 HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);

   bind->setBinding(0, vbuf);

   // Drawing stuff
   size_t size = _points.size();
   Vector3 vaabMin = _points[0];
   Vector3 vaabMax = _points[0];

   Real *prPos = static_cast<Real*>(vbuf->lock(HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));

   for(size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
   {
      *prPos++ = _points[i].x;
      *prPos++ = _points[i].y;
      *prPos++ = _points[i].z;

      if(_points[i].x < vaabMin.x)
         vaabMin.x = _points[i].x;
      if(_points[i].y < vaabMin.y)
         vaabMin.y = _points[i].y;
      if(_points[i].z < vaabMin.z)
         vaabMin.z = _points[i].z;

      if(_points[i].x > vaabMax.x)
         vaabMax.x = _points[i].x;
      if(_points[i].y > vaabMax.y)
         vaabMax.y = _points[i].y;
      if(_points[i].z > vaabMax.z)
         vaabMax.z = _points[i].z;
   }

   vbuf->unlock();

   mBox.setExtents(vaabMin, vaabMax);
}

void ESKOgre::createFakeEntity(Ogre::SceneManager *mSceneMgr) {
	Ogre::MeshPtr msh = Ogre::MeshManager::getSingleton().createManual(name + "_skeleton", XENOVIEWER_RESOURCE_GROUP);
	msh->setSkeletonName(name);

	Ogre::SubMesh* sub = msh->createSubMesh();
	const size_t nVertices = 3;
	const size_t nVertCount = 3;
	const size_t vbufCount = nVertCount*nVertices;
	float *vertices = (float *)malloc(sizeof(float)*vbufCount);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < nVertices; i++) {
		vertices[i*nVertCount] = 0.0;
		vertices[i*nVertCount + 1] = 0.0;
		vertices[i*nVertCount + 2] = 0.0;
	}

	const size_t ibufCount = 3;
	unsigned short *faces = (unsigned short *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned short) * ibufCount);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < ibufCount; i++) {
		faces[i] = i;
	}

	msh->sharedVertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
	msh->sharedVertexData->vertexCount = nVertices;

	Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = msh->sharedVertexData->vertexDeclaration;
	size_t offset = 0;

	decl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
	offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3);

	Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(offset, msh->sharedVertexData->vertexCount, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
	vbuf->writeData(0, vbuf->getSizeInBytes(), vertices, true);
	Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = msh->sharedVertexData->vertexBufferBinding;
	bind->setBinding(0, vbuf);
	Ogre::HardwareIndexBufferSharedPtr ibuf = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createIndexBuffer(Ogre::HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_16BIT, ibufCount, Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
	ibuf->writeData(0, ibuf->getSizeInBytes(), faces, true);
	sub->useSharedVertices = true;
	sub->indexData->indexBuffer = ibuf;
	sub->indexData->indexCount = ibufCount;
	sub->indexData->indexStart = 0;

	msh->_setBounds(Ogre::AxisAlignedBox(-100, -100, -100, 100, 100, 100));
	msh->_setBoundingSphereRadius(100);
	msh->load();

	free(faces);
	free(vertices);

	skeleton_entity = mSceneMgr->createEntity(name + "_skeleton");
	skeleton_node = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode();
	skeleton_node->attachObject(skeleton_entity);
	skeleton_node->setVisible(false);
}

    BufferType*
    ManualObject::createBuffer( const BufferBinding binding
                               ,Ogre::VertexElementType type
                               ,Ogre::VertexElementSemantic semantic )
    {
        Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = m_section->vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
        Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = m_section->vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

        decl->addElement( binding, 0, type, semantic );
        size_t vertex_size( decl->getVertexSize( binding ) );

        VertexBuffer buffer = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton()
            .createVertexBuffer( vertex_size
                                ,m_section->vertexData->vertexCount
                                ,Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY);
        bind->setBinding( binding, buffer );
        m_vertex_buffers[binding] = buffer;
        return static_cast<BufferType*>( buffer->lock( Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD ) );
    }

    void
        TerrainGridRenderable::initTerrainGrid(int vertexCount)
    {
        m_locked_data = 0;

        mRenderOp.vertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
        mRenderOp.indexData = 0;

        mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = mVertexCount;
        mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;

        mRenderOp.operationType = Ogre::RenderOperation::OT_LINE_LIST; 
        mRenderOp.useIndexes = false; 

        Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
        Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;

        decl->addElement(0, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
        decl->addElement(0, 3*sizeof(Ogre::Real), Ogre::VET_COLOUR, Ogre::VES_DIFFUSE);

        Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf = 
            Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer(
            decl->getVertexSize(0),
            vertexCount,
            Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_WRITE_ONLY);

        bind->setBinding(0, vbuf);

        // set basic white material
        this->setMaterial("BaseWhiteNoLighting");
        mBox.setExtents(-10,-10,-10,10,10,10);

        lock();
        drawGridLines();
        unlock();
        
	//	getMaterial()->setSceneBlending(Ogre::SBT_TRANSPARENT_ALPHA);
        setQueryFlags(0);
    }

  void MeshManager::_createGeometry()
  {
    int numVertices = mSteps * mCircles + 1;
    int numEle = 6 * mSteps * (mCircles - 1) + 3 * mSteps;
    // Vertex buffers
    mSubMesh->vertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
    mSubMesh->vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
    mSubMesh->vertexData->vertexCount = numVertices;
    Ogre::VertexDeclaration* vdecl = mSubMesh->vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
    Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* vbind = mSubMesh->vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;
    size_t offset = 0;
    vdecl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
    offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3);
    vdecl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES, 0);
    offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3);
    vdecl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT2, Ogre::VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES, 1);
    offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT2);
    vdecl->addElement(0, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT1, Ogre::VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES, 2);
    mVertexBuffer = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().
                    createVertexBuffer(sizeof(POS_UV_VERTEX),
                                       numVertices,
                                       Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_DYNAMIC_WRITE_ONLY);
    vbind->setBinding(0, mVertexBuffer);
    unsigned int *indexbuffer = new unsigned int[numEle];

    for(int k = 0; k < mSteps; k++)
    {
      indexbuffer[k * 3] = 0;
      indexbuffer[k * 3 + 1] = k + 1;

      if(k != mSteps - 1)
      {
        indexbuffer[k * 3 + 2] = k + 2;
      }
      else
      {
        indexbuffer[k * 3 + 2] = 1;
      }
    }

    for(int y = 0; y < mCircles - 1; y++)
    {
      for(int x = 0; x < mSteps; x++)
      {
        unsigned int *twoface = indexbuffer + (y * mSteps + x) * 6 + 3 * mSteps;
        int p0 = 1 + y * mSteps + x ;
        int p1 = 1 + y * mSteps + x + 1 ;
        int p2 = 1 + (y + 1) * mSteps + x ;
        int p3 = 1 + (y + 1) * mSteps + x + 1 ;

        if(x == mSteps - 1)
        {
          p1 -= x + 1;
          p3 -= x + 1;
        }

        // First triangle
        twoface[2] = p0;
        twoface[1] = p1;
        twoface[0] = p2;
        // Second triangle
        twoface[5] = p1;
        twoface[4] = p3;
        twoface[3] = p2;
      }
    }

    // Prepare buffer for indices
    mIndexBuffer =
      Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createIndexBuffer(
        Ogre::HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_32BIT,
        numEle,
        Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC, true);
    mIndexBuffer->
    writeData(0,
              mIndexBuffer->getSizeInBytes(),
              indexbuffer,
              true);
    delete []indexbuffer;
    // Set index buffer for this submesh
    mSubMesh->indexData->indexBuffer = mIndexBuffer;
    mSubMesh->indexData->indexStart = 0;
    mSubMesh->indexData->indexCount = numEle;
    // Create our internal buffer for manipulations
    mVertices = new POS_UV_VERTEX[1 + mSteps * mCircles];
  }

GrassPatch::GrassPatch(int nb_blades, int nb_blade_segments, float width, float height, Ogre::SceneManager* ScnMgr)
{
	int		i, nb_particles;

	// Create the particle field
	nb_particles = nb_blades * (nb_blade_segments + 1);
	m_Particles = new GrassParticleField(nb_particles, 1);

	// Allocate the blade list
	m_Blades = new Blade *[nb_blades];
	m_NbBlades = nb_blades;
	Ogre::Radian *angle = new Ogre::Radian(Ogre::Math::PI * ((rand()%1000) / 1000.0f));

	// Create the blades of grass
	for (i = 0; i < nb_blades; i++)
	{
		m_Blades[i] = new Blade(m_Particles,
								i * (nb_blade_segments + 1),
								nb_blade_segments,
								4 + ((rand()%1000) / 1000.0f)*0.5f,
								0.3f + ((rand()%1000) / 1000.0f)*0.1f,
								width / 2 - ((rand()%1000) / 500.0f) * width,
								height / 2 - ((rand()%1000) / 500.0f) * height,
								*angle);
		m_Blades[i]->moving = true;
		m_Blades[i]->timeout = 0;
	}
	m_VertexCount = nb_blades * m_Blades[0]->GetStrippedVertexCount();
	m_TriangleCount = ((nb_blade_segments - 1) << 1) + 1;
 
    mvertexData = new Ogre::VertexData ();

    // Vertex declaration
	Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = mvertexData->vertexDeclaration;
	Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* binding = mvertexData->vertexBufferBinding;         
    
    size_t offset = 0;

    //position
	decl->addElement (POSITION_BINDING, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION); 
	offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3);

    // normal here
	decl->addElement(POSITION_BINDING, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_NORMAL);
	offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3);
     
    // Diffuse Color
    decl->addElement(POSITION_BINDING, offset, Ogre::VET_COLOUR, Ogre::VES_DIFFUSE);  
	offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_COLOUR);
    
    // texture here
	decl->addElement(POSITION_BINDING, offset, Ogre::VET_FLOAT2, Ogre::VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES);  
	offset += Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT2);

   //position updated each frame 
	Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf1 = 
           Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createVertexBuffer (offset,        // size of one whole vertex
																		   m_VertexCount,                                // number of vertices
																		   Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_DYNAMIC_WRITE_ONLY, // usage
                                                                            false);                                      // no shadow buffer

	binding->setBinding(POSITION_BINDING, vbuf1);
 

	Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vVertices = binding->getBuffer(POSITION_BINDING);
	Ogre::Real *pVertices = static_cast<Ogre::Real*>( vVertices->lock( Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD ) );

    // Colour up the blades
	for (i = 0; i < m_NbBlades; i++)
        m_Blades[i]->Paint (i, pVertices); 
       
	vVertices->unlock();

    // Index buffer to handle triangle strip vertex buffer as triangle list
     
    // Create index buffer 
      int nIndexes = m_TriangleCount*3*m_NbBlades;
   
      Ogre::HardwareIndexBufferSharedPtr iBuf = 
            Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().createIndexBuffer (Ogre::HardwareIndexBuffer::IT_32BIT, 
                                                                nIndexes, 
                                                                Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC_WRITE_ONLY, 
                                                                false); 

      // Fill index buffer 
      unsigned int* pIdx = static_cast<unsigned int*> (iBuf->lock (Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD)); 
               
       unsigned int j = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < m_NbBlades; i++)
	        m_Blades[i]->UpdateIndexBuffer(&j, i, pIdx);

      iBuf->unlock ();
          

    mRenderOp.vertexData = mvertexData;
//	mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount = m_VertexCount;
    mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexCount= nIndexes;
	mRenderOp.vertexData->vertexStart = 0;  

    mRenderOp.operationType = Ogre::RenderOperation::OT_TRIANGLE_LIST;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        else
        {

            msMaterial *pMat = msModel_GetMaterialAt(pModel, matIdx);
            ogreSubMesh->setMaterialName(pMat->szName);
            logMgr.logMessage("SubMesh Material Done.");
        }


        logMgr.logMessage("Setting up geometry...");
        // Set up mesh geometry
        ogreSubMesh->vertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
        ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexCount = msMesh_GetVertexCount (pMesh);
        ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
        Ogre::VertexBufferBinding* bind = ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;
        Ogre::VertexDeclaration* decl = ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
        // Always 1 texture layer, 2D coords
        #define POSITION_BINDING 0
        #define NORMAL_BINDING 1
        #define TEXCOORD_BINDING 2
        decl->addElement(POSITION_BINDING, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
        decl->addElement(NORMAL_BINDING, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_NORMAL);
        decl->addElement(TEXCOORD_BINDING, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT2, Ogre::VES_TEXTURE_COORDINATES);
        // Create buffers
        Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr pbuf = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().
            createVertexBuffer(decl->getVertexSize(POSITION_BINDING), ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexCount,
                Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_DYNAMIC, false);
        Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr nbuf = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().
            createVertexBuffer(decl->getVertexSize(NORMAL_BINDING), ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexCount,
                Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_DYNAMIC, false);
        Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr tbuf = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingleton().
            createVertexBuffer(decl->getVertexSize(TEXCOORD_BINDING), ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexCount,
                Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_DYNAMIC, false);
        bind->setBinding(POSITION_BINDING, pbuf);
        bind->setBinding(NORMAL_BINDING, nbuf);
        bind->setBinding(TEXCOORD_BINDING, tbuf);

        ogreSubMesh->useSharedVertices = false;

        float* pPos = static_cast<float*>(
            pbuf->lock(Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBL_DISCARD));

        logMgr.logMessage("Doing positions and texture coords...");
        for (j = 0; j < ogreSubMesh->vertexData->vertexCount; ++j)
        {
            logMgr.logMessage("Doing vertex " + Ogre::StringConverter::toString(j));
            msVertex *pVertex = msMesh_GetVertexAt (pMesh, (int)j);
			msVertexEx *pVertexEx=msMesh_GetVertexExAt(pMesh, (int)j);
            msVec3 Vertex;
            msVertex_GetVertex (pVertex, Vertex);

            *pPos++ = Vertex[0];
            *pPos++ = Vertex[1];
            *pPos++ = Vertex[2];
            // Deal with bounds
            currpos = Ogre::Vector3(Vertex[0], Vertex[1], Vertex[2]);
            if (first)
            {
                min = max = currpos;
                maxSquaredRadius = currpos.squaredLength();
                first = false;
            }
            else
            {
                min.makeFloor(currpos);
                max.makeCeil(currpos);

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        bounds.add(&v[0], 1);
    }

    mesh->_setBounds(Ogre::AxisAlignedBox(bounds.minX()-0.5f, bounds.minY()-0.5f, bounds.minZ()-0.5f,
                                          bounds.maxX()+0.5f, bounds.maxY()+0.5f, bounds.maxZ()+0.5f));
    mesh->_setBoundingSphereRadius(bounds.getRadius());

    // This function is just one long stream of Ogre-barf, but it works
    // great.
    Ogre::HardwareBufferManager *hwBufMgr = Ogre::HardwareBufferManager::getSingletonPtr();
    Ogre::HardwareVertexBufferSharedPtr vbuf;
    Ogre::HardwareIndexBufferSharedPtr ibuf;
    Ogre::VertexBufferBinding *bind;
    Ogre::VertexDeclaration *decl;
    int nextBuf = 0;

    Ogre::SubMesh *sub = mesh->createSubMesh();

    // Add vertices
    sub->useSharedVertices = false;
    sub->vertexData = new Ogre::VertexData();
    sub->vertexData->vertexStart = 0;
    sub->vertexData->vertexCount = srcVerts.size();

    decl = sub->vertexData->vertexDeclaration;
    bind = sub->vertexData->vertexBufferBinding;
    if(srcVerts.size())
    {
        vbuf = hwBufMgr->createVertexBuffer(Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3),
                                            srcVerts.size(), vertUsage, vertShadowBuffer);
        vbuf->writeData(0, vbuf->getSizeInBytes(), &srcVerts[0][0], true);

        decl->addElement(nextBuf, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_POSITION);
        bind->setBinding(nextBuf++, vbuf);
    }

    // Vertex normals
    if(srcNorms.size())
    {
        vbuf = hwBufMgr->createVertexBuffer(Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_FLOAT3),
                                            srcNorms.size(), vertUsage, vertShadowBuffer);
        vbuf->writeData(0, vbuf->getSizeInBytes(), &srcNorms[0][0], true);

        decl->addElement(nextBuf, 0, Ogre::VET_FLOAT3, Ogre::VES_NORMAL);
        bind->setBinding(nextBuf++, vbuf);
    }

    // Vertex colors
    const std::vector<Ogre::Vector4> &colors = data->colors;
    if(colors.size())
    {
        Ogre::RenderSystem *rs = Ogre::Root::getSingleton().getRenderSystem();
        std::vector<Ogre::RGBA> colorsRGB(colors.size());
        for(size_t i = 0;i < colorsRGB.size();i++)
        {
            Ogre::ColourValue clr(colors[i][0], colors[i][1], colors[i][2], colors[i][3]);
            rs->convertColourValue(clr, &colorsRGB[i]);
        }
        vbuf = hwBufMgr->createVertexBuffer(Ogre::VertexElement::getTypeSize(Ogre::VET_COLOUR),
                                            colorsRGB.size(), Ogre::HardwareBuffer::HBU_STATIC);
        vbuf->writeData(0, vbuf->getSizeInBytes(), &colorsRGB[0], true);
        decl->addElement(nextBuf, 0, Ogre::VET_COLOUR, Ogre::VES_DIFFUSE);
        bind->setBinding(nextBuf++, vbuf);
    }

    // Texture UV coordinates