C++ CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC::Init方法代码示例

void LightClusteredManager::CreateRootSignature()
{

	// Total Root Parameter Count: 2.
	// [0] : Descriptor Table Range Count: 3
	// --------------------------------------
	// [0][0] : UAV Range Count : 1
	// [0][0][0]: UAV for saving light indexed for every triangle(or tile) (u0)
	// [0][1] : SRV Range Count : 3
	// [0][1][0] : SRV for light buffer (t0)
	// [0][1][1] : SRV for depth planes (t1)
	// [0][1][2] : SRV for depth texture (t2)
	// --------------------------------------
	// [1] : CBV for the camera data (b1)
	// [2] : CBV for culling data (b0)
	CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE range[2];
	CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER parameter[3];
	range[0].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_UAV, 2, 0);
	range[1].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 3, 0);
	parameter[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(_countof(range), range, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL);
	parameter[1].InitAsConstantBufferView(1);
	parameter[2].InitAsConstantBufferView(0);

	CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC descRootSignature;
	descRootSignature.Init(3, parameter, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_NONE);

	ComPtr<ID3DBlob> rootSigBlob, errorBlob;
	ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&descRootSignature, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, rootSigBlob.GetAddressOf(), errorBlob.GetAddressOf()));
	ThrowIfFailed(g_d3dObjects->GetD3DDevice()->CreateRootSignature(0, rootSigBlob->GetBufferPointer(), rootSigBlob->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(m_rootSignature.GetAddressOf())));
}

// Constructor.
BasicEffect::Impl::Impl(_In_ ID3D12Device* device, int flags, const EffectPipelineStateDescription& pipelineDescription)
  : EffectBase(device)
{
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::VertexShaderIndices) == BasicEffectTraits::ShaderPermutationCount, "array/max mismatch" );
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::VertexShaderBytecode) == BasicEffectTraits::VertexShaderCount, "array/max mismatch" );
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::PixelShaderBytecode) == BasicEffectTraits::PixelShaderCount, "array/max mismatch" );
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::PixelShaderIndices) == BasicEffectTraits::ShaderPermutationCount, "array/max mismatch" );

    lights.InitializeConstants(constants.specularColorAndPower, constants.lightDirection, constants.lightDiffuseColor, constants.lightSpecularColor);

    D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
        D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT | // Only the input assembler stage needs access to the constant buffer.
        D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
        D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
        D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_HULL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS;

    CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC sampler(0);
    CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE descriptorRanges[DescriptorIndex::DescriptorCount];
    descriptorRanges[DescriptorIndex::Texture].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, 0);
    CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::RootParameterCount];
    rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::TextureSRV].InitAsDescriptorTable(
        _countof(descriptorRanges), 
        descriptorRanges);
    rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::ConstantBuffer].InitAsConstantBufferView(0, 0, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL);
    CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rsigDesc;
    rsigDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, 1, &sampler, rootSignatureFlags);

    ThrowIfFailed(CreateRootSignature(device, &rsigDesc, mRootSignature.ReleaseAndGetAddressOf()));

    fog.enabled = (flags & EffectFlags::Fog) != 0;
    lightingEnabled = (flags & EffectFlags::Lighting) != 0;
    preferPerPixelLighting = (flags & EffectFlags::PerPixelLighting) != 0;
    vertexColorEnabled = (flags & EffectFlags::VertexColor) != 0;
    textureEnabled = (flags & EffectFlags::Texture) != 0;
   
    int sp = GetCurrentPipelineStatePermutation();
    int vi = EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::VertexShaderIndices[sp];
    int pi = EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::PixelShaderIndices[sp];

    EffectBase::CreatePipelineState(
        mRootSignature.Get(),
        pipelineDescription.inputLayout,
        &EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::VertexShaderBytecode[vi],
        &EffectBase<BasicEffectTraits>::PixelShaderBytecode[pi],
        pipelineDescription.blendDesc,
        pipelineDescription.depthStencilDesc,
        pipelineDescription.rasterizerDesc,
        pipelineDescription.renderTargetState,
        pipelineDescription.primitiveTopology,
        pipelineDescription.stripCutValue);
}

	// Load the sample assets.
	void Renderer::LoadAssets()
	{
		// Create an empty root signature.
		{
			using namespace Microsoft::WRL;

			CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE ranges[1];
			CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[1];

			ranges[0].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_CBV, 1, 0);
			rootParameters[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &ranges[0], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX);

			CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
			rootSignatureDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

			ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
			ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
			ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
			ThrowIfFailed(_device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&_rootSignature)));
		}

		// Create the command list.
		ThrowIfFailed(_device->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, _commandAllocators[_frameIndex].Get(), nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(&_commandList)));

		CreateFramebuffers();

		// Close the command list and execute it to begin the vertex buffer copy into
		// the default heap.
		ThrowIfFailed(_commandList->Close());
		ID3D12CommandList* ppCommandLists[] = { _commandList.Get() };
		_commandQueue->ExecuteCommandLists(_countof(ppCommandLists), ppCommandLists);

		// Create synchronization objects and wait until assets have been uploaded to the GPU.
		{
			ThrowIfFailed(_device->CreateFence(_fenceValues[_frameIndex], D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE, IID_PPV_ARGS(&_fence)));
			_fenceValues[_frameIndex]++;

			// Create an event handle to use for frame synchronization.
			_fenceEvent = CreateEvent(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, nullptr);
			if(_fenceEvent == nullptr)
			{
				ThrowIfFailed(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
			}

			// Wait for the command list to execute; we are reusing the same command 
			// list in our main loop but for now, we just want to wait for setup to 
			// complete before continuing.
			WaitForGpu();
		}
	}

void TextureStore::init() {
	// Create an empty root signature.
	{
		CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
		rootSignatureDesc.Init(0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
		ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
		ThrowIfFailed(xapp().device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&rootSignature)));
	}
	D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputElementDescs[] =
	{
		{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
		{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }
	};
	// Describe and create the graphics pipeline state object (PSO).
	D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
	psoDesc.InputLayout = { inputElementDescs, _countof(inputElementDescs) };
	psoDesc.pRootSignature = rootSignature.Get();
	psoDesc.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
	psoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
	psoDesc.DepthStencilState.DepthEnable = FALSE;
	psoDesc.DepthStencilState.StencilEnable = FALSE;
	psoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
	psoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
	psoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
	psoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
	psoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
	//ThrowIfFailed(device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pipelineState)));
#include "CompiledShaders/PostVS.h"
//#include "CompiledShaders/PostPS.h"
	// test shade library functions
	//{
	//D3DLoadModule() uses ID3D11Module
	//ComPtr<ID3DBlob> vShader;
	//ThrowIfFailed(D3DReadFileToBlob(L"", &vShader));
	psoDesc.VS = { binShader_PostVS, sizeof(binShader_PostVS) };
	ThrowIfFailed(xapp().device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pipelineState)));
	ThrowIfFailed(xapp().device->CreateCommandAllocator(D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, IID_PPV_ARGS(&commandAllocator)));
	ThrowIfFailed(xapp().device->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, commandAllocator.Get(), pipelineState.Get(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&commandList)));
	ThrowIfFailed(xapp().device->CreateFence(0, D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE, IID_PPV_ARGS(&updateFrameData.fence)));
	updateFrameData.fence->SetName(L"fence_texture_update");
	updateFrameData.fenceValue = 0;
	updateFrameData.fenceEvent = CreateEventEx(nullptr, FALSE, FALSE, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS);
	if (updateFrameData.fenceEvent == nullptr) {
		ThrowIfFailed(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
	}
}

void LightPreviewer::CreateRootSignature()
{
	// Total root parameter number : 2.
	// [0] : CBV for the camera data (b0)
	// [1] : SRV(Buffer) for the light data (t0)
	CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[2];
	rootParameters[0].InitAsShaderResourceView(0);
	rootParameters[1].InitAsConstantBufferView(0);

	CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC descRootSignature;
	descRootSignature.Init(2, rootParameters, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

	ComPtr<ID3DBlob> rootSigBlob, errorBlob;
	ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&descRootSignature, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, rootSigBlob.GetAddressOf(), errorBlob.GetAddressOf()));
	ThrowIfFailed(g_d3dObjects->GetD3DDevice()->CreateRootSignature(0, rootSigBlob->GetBufferPointer(), rootSigBlob->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(m_rootSignature.GetAddressOf())));

}

    void RootSignature::finalize( ID3D12Device* pDevice )
    {
        // Create the root signature description.
        CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
        rootSignatureDesc.Init( 
            static_cast<UINT>( m_rootParams.size() ), 
            m_rootParams.data(), 
            static_cast<UINT>( m_staticSamplers.size() ),
            m_staticSamplers.data(), 
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT );

        // TODO: Implement root signature caching.

        // Create the graphics root signature.
        ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
        ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
        ThrowIfFailed( D3D12SerializeRootSignature( &rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error ) );
        ThrowIfFailed( pDevice->CreateRootSignature( 0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS( &m_rootSignature ) ) );
    }

// Constructor.
EnvironmentMapEffect::Impl::Impl(    
    _In_ ID3D12Device* device, 
    int effectFlags, 
    const EffectPipelineStateDescription& pipelineDescription, 
    bool fresnelEnabled, 
    bool specularEnabled)
  : EffectBase(device)
{
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::VertexShaderIndices) == EnvironmentMapEffectTraits::ShaderPermutationCount, "array/max mismatch" );
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::VertexShaderBytecode) == EnvironmentMapEffectTraits::VertexShaderCount, "array/max mismatch" );
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::PixelShaderBytecode) == EnvironmentMapEffectTraits::PixelShaderCount, "array/max mismatch" );
    static_assert( _countof(EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::PixelShaderIndices) == EnvironmentMapEffectTraits::ShaderPermutationCount, "array/max mismatch" );

    // Create root signature
    {
        D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT | // Only the input assembler stage needs access to the constant buffer.
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_HULL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS;

        CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC samplers[2];
        samplers[0] = CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC(0);
        samplers[1] = CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC(1);

        CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::RootParameterCount];
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::ConstantBuffer].InitAsConstantBufferView(0, 0, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL);

        // Texture 1
        CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE descriptorRange1;
        descriptorRange1.Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, 0);
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::TextureSRV].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &descriptorRange1);

        // Texture 2
        CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE descriptorRange2;
        descriptorRange2.Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, 1);
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::CubemapSRV].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &descriptorRange2);

        // Create the root signature
        CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rsigDesc;
        rsigDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, _countof(samplers), samplers, rootSignatureFlags);

        ThrowIfFailed(CreateRootSignature(device, &rsigDesc, mRootSignature.ReleaseAndGetAddressOf()));
    }

    fog.enabled = (effectFlags & EffectFlags::Fog) != 0;

    constants.environmentMapAmount = 1;
    constants.fresnelFactor = 1;

    XMVECTOR unwantedOutput[MaxDirectionalLights];

    lights.InitializeConstants(unwantedOutput[0], constants.lightDirection, constants.lightDiffuseColor, unwantedOutput);

    {   // Create pipeline state
        int sp = GetCurrentShaderPermutation(fresnelEnabled, specularEnabled);
        int vi = EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::VertexShaderIndices[sp];
        int pi = EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::PixelShaderIndices[sp];

        EffectBase::CreatePipelineState(
            mRootSignature.Get(),
            pipelineDescription.inputLayout,
            &EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::VertexShaderBytecode[vi],
            &EffectBase<EnvironmentMapEffectTraits>::PixelShaderBytecode[pi],
            pipelineDescription.blendDesc,
            pipelineDescription.depthStencilDesc,
            pipelineDescription.rasterizerDesc,
            pipelineDescription.renderTargetState,
            pipelineDescription.primitiveTopology,
            pipelineDescription.stripCutValue);
    }
}

// Load the sample assets.
void D3D12DynamicIndexing::LoadAssets()
{
	// Note: ComPtr's are CPU objects but these resources need to stay in scope until
	// the command list that references them has finished executing on the GPU.
	// We will flush the GPU at the end of this method to ensure the resources are not
	// prematurely destroyed.
	ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> vertexBufferUploadHeap;
	ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> indexBufferUploadHeap;
	ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> textureUploadHeap;
	ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> materialsUploadHeap;

	// Create the root signature.
	{
		CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE ranges[3];
		ranges[0].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1 + CityMaterialCount, 0);  // Diffuse texture + array of materials.
		ranges[1].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, 0);
		ranges[2].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_CBV, 1, 0);

		CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[4];
		rootParameters[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &ranges[0], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);
		rootParameters[1].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &ranges[1], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);
		rootParameters[2].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &ranges[2], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX);
		rootParameters[3].InitAsConstants(1, 0, 0, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);

		CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
		rootSignatureDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
		ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_rootSignature)));
		NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_rootSignature);
	}

	// Create the pipeline state, which includes loading shaders.
	{
		UINT8* pVertexShaderData;
		UINT8* pPixelShaderData;
		UINT vertexShaderDataLength;
		UINT pixelShaderDataLength;

		ThrowIfFailed(ReadDataFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shader_mesh_simple_vert.cso").c_str(), &pVertexShaderData, &vertexShaderDataLength));
		ThrowIfFailed(ReadDataFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shader_mesh_dynamic_indexing_pixel.cso").c_str(), &pPixelShaderData, &pixelShaderDataLength));

		CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC rasterizerStateDesc(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		rasterizerStateDesc.CullMode = D3D12_CULL_MODE_NONE;

		// Describe and create the graphics pipeline state object (PSO).
		D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
		psoDesc.InputLayout = { SampleAssets::StandardVertexDescription, SampleAssets::StandardVertexDescriptionNumElements };
		psoDesc.pRootSignature = m_rootSignature.Get();
		psoDesc.VS = CD3DX12_SHADER_BYTECODE(pVertexShaderData, vertexShaderDataLength);
		psoDesc.PS = CD3DX12_SHADER_BYTECODE(pPixelShaderData, pixelShaderDataLength);
		psoDesc.RasterizerState = rasterizerStateDesc;
		psoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState = CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
		psoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
		psoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
		psoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		psoDesc.DSVFormat = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
		psoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_pipelineState)));
		NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_pipelineState);

		delete pVertexShaderData;
		delete pPixelShaderData;
	}

	ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, m_commandAllocator.Get(), nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_commandList)));
	NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_commandList);

	// Create render target views (RTVs).
	CD3DX12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE rtvHandle(m_rtvHeap->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart());
	for (UINT i = 0; i < FrameCount; i++)
	{
		ThrowIfFailed(m_swapChain->GetBuffer(i, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_renderTargets[i])));
		m_device->CreateRenderTargetView(m_renderTargets[i].Get(), nullptr, rtvHandle);
		rtvHandle.Offset(1, m_rtvDescriptorSize);

		NAME_D3D12_OBJECT_INDEXED(m_renderTargets, i);
	}

	// Read in mesh data for vertex/index buffers.
	UINT8* pMeshData;
	UINT meshDataLength;
	ThrowIfFailed(ReadDataFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(SampleAssets::DataFileName).c_str(), &pMeshData, &meshDataLength));

	// Create the vertex buffer.
	{
		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateCommittedResource(
			&CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT),
			D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
			&CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(SampleAssets::VertexDataSize),
			D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST,
			nullptr,
			IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_vertexBuffer)));

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

void Sample3DSceneRenderer::CreateDeviceDependentResources()
{
	auto d3dDevice = m_deviceResources->GetD3DDevice();

	// Create a root signature with a single constant buffer slot.
	{
		CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE range;
		CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER parameter;

		range.Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_CBV, 1, 0);
		parameter.InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &range, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX);

		D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT | // Only the input assembler stage needs access to the constant buffer.
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_HULL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_PIXEL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS;

		CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC descRootSignature;
		descRootSignature.Init(1, &parameter, 0, nullptr, rootSignatureFlags);

		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pSignature;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pError;
		DX::ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&descRootSignature, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, pSignature.GetAddressOf(), pError.GetAddressOf()));
		DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dDevice->CreateRootSignature(0, pSignature->GetBufferPointer(), pSignature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_rootSignature)));
		NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_rootSignature);
	}

	// Load shaders asynchronously.
	auto createVSTask = DX::ReadDataAsync(L"SampleVertexShader.cso").then([this](std::vector<byte>& fileData) {
		m_vertexShader = fileData;
	});

	auto createPSTask = DX::ReadDataAsync(L"SamplePixelShader.cso").then([this](std::vector<byte>& fileData) {
		m_pixelShader = fileData;
	});

	// Create the pipeline state once the shaders are loaded.
	auto createPipelineStateTask = (createPSTask && createVSTask).then([this]() {

		static const D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputLayout[] =
		{
			{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
			{ "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
		};

		D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC state = {};
		state.InputLayout = { inputLayout, _countof(inputLayout) };
		state.pRootSignature = m_rootSignature.Get();
		state.VS = CD3DX12_SHADER_BYTECODE(&m_vertexShader[0], m_vertexShader.size());
		state.PS = CD3DX12_SHADER_BYTECODE(&m_pixelShader[0], m_pixelShader.size());
		state.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		state.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		state.DepthStencilState = CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		state.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
		state.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
		state.NumRenderTargets = 1;
		state.RTVFormats[0] = m_deviceResources->GetBackBufferFormat();
		state.DSVFormat = m_deviceResources->GetDepthBufferFormat();
		state.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

		DX::ThrowIfFailed(m_deviceResources->GetD3DDevice()->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&state, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_pipelineState)));

		// Shader data can be deleted once the pipeline state is created.
		m_vertexShader.clear();
		m_pixelShader.clear();
	});

	// Create and upload cube geometry resources to the GPU.
	auto createAssetsTask = createPipelineStateTask.then([this]() {
		auto d3dDevice = m_deviceResources->GetD3DDevice();

		// Create a command list.
		DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dDevice->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, m_deviceResources->GetCommandAllocator(), m_pipelineState.Get(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_commandList)));
		NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_commandList);

		// Cube vertices. Each vertex has a position and a color.
		VertexPositionColor cubeVertices[] =
		{
			{ XMFLOAT3(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f), XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) },
			{ XMFLOAT3(-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f), XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f) },
			{ XMFLOAT3(-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f), XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f) },
			{ XMFLOAT3(-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f), XMFLOAT3(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) },
			{ XMFLOAT3(0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f), XMFLOAT3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) },
			{ XMFLOAT3(0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f), XMFLOAT3(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f) },
			{ XMFLOAT3(0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f), XMFLOAT3(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f) },
			{ XMFLOAT3(0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f), XMFLOAT3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) },
		};

		const UINT vertexBufferSize = sizeof(cubeVertices);

		// Create the vertex buffer resource in the GPU's default heap and copy vertex data into it using the upload heap.
		// The upload resource must not be released until after the GPU has finished using it.
		Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> vertexBufferUpload;

		CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES defaultHeapProperties(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT);
		CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC vertexBufferDesc = CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(vertexBufferSize);
		DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dDevice->CreateCommittedResource(
			&defaultHeapProperties,
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
      srvHeapDesc.NumDescriptors = 2048;
      srvHeapDesc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV;
      srvHeapDesc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_SHADER_VISIBLE;
      gDX.srvHeap = new DXHeap(gDX.device.Get(), srvHeapDesc);
   }

   // Create frame resources.
   {
      // Create a RTV for each frame.
      for (UINT n = 0; n < gDX.FrameCount; n++)
      {
         ThrowIfFailed(gDX.swapChain->GetBuffer(n, IID_PPV_ARGS(&gDX.renderTargets[n])));

         gDX.scanbufferRtv[n] = gDX.rtvHeap->alloc();
         gDX.device->CreateRenderTargetView(gDX.renderTargets[n].Get(), nullptr, *gDX.scanbufferRtv[n]);
      }
   }

   // Create command allocators.
   {
      for (UINT n = 0; n < gDX.FrameCount; n++)
      {
         ThrowIfFailed(gDX.device->CreateCommandAllocator(D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, IID_PPV_ARGS(&gDX.commandAllocator[n])));
      }
   }

   // Create the root signature.
   {
      CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE ranges[GX2_NUM_SAMPLERS];
      CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[GX2_NUM_SAMPLERS + GX2_NUM_UNIFORMBLOCKS];
      uint32_t paramIdx = 0;
      for (auto i = 0; i < GX2_NUM_UNIFORMBLOCKS; ++i) {
         gDX.cbvIndex[i] = paramIdx;
         rootParameters[paramIdx++].InitAsConstantBufferView(i, 0, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL);
      }
      for (auto i = 0; i < GX2_NUM_SAMPLERS; ++i) {
         gDX.srvIndex[i] = paramIdx;
         ranges[i].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, i);
         rootParameters[paramIdx++].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &ranges[i], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL);
      }

      D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC samplers[GX2_NUM_SAMPLERS];
      for (int i = 0; i < GX2_NUM_SAMPLERS; ++i) {
         auto &sampler = samplers[i] = {};
         sampler.Filter = D3D12_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_POINT;
         sampler.AddressU = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_BORDER;
         sampler.AddressV = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_BORDER;
         sampler.AddressW = D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_BORDER;
         sampler.MipLODBias = 0;
         sampler.MaxAnisotropy = 0;
         sampler.ComparisonFunc = D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_NEVER;
         sampler.BorderColor = D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR_TRANSPARENT_BLACK;
         sampler.MinLOD = 0.0f;
         sampler.MaxLOD = D3D12_FLOAT32_MAX;
         sampler.ShaderRegister = i;
         sampler.RegisterSpace = 0;
         sampler.ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL;
      }

      CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
      rootSignatureDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, GX2_NUM_SAMPLERS, samplers, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

      ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
      ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
      ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
      ThrowIfFailed(gDX.device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&gDX.rootSignature)));

// Load the sample assets.
void D3D12SmallResources::LoadAssets()
{
	// Create a root signature consisting of a single CBV parameter.
	{
		CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE ranges[1];
		CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[1];

		ranges[0].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, 0);
		rootParameters[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &ranges[0], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);

		// Allow input layout and deny uneccessary access to certain pipeline stages.
		D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_VERTEX_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_HULL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS;

		CD3DX12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC samplerDesc(0, D3D12_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR);

		CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
		rootSignatureDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, 1, &samplerDesc, rootSignatureFlags);

		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
		ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_rootSignature)));
		NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_rootSignature);
	}

	// Create the pipeline state, which includes compiling and loading shaders.
	{
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> vertexShader;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pixelShader;

#if defined(_DEBUG)
		// Enable better shader debugging with the graphics debugging tools.
		UINT compileFlags = D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG | D3DCOMPILE_SKIP_OPTIMIZATION;
#else
		UINT compileFlags = 0;
#endif

		ThrowIfFailed(D3DCompileFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shaders.hlsl").c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, "VSMain", "vs_5_0", compileFlags, 0, &vertexShader, nullptr));
		ThrowIfFailed(D3DCompileFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shaders.hlsl").c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, "PSMain", "ps_5_0", compileFlags, 0, &pixelShader, nullptr));

		// Define the vertex input layout.
		D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputElementDescs[] =
		{
			{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
			{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }
		};

		// Describe and create the graphics pipeline state objects (PSO).
		D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
		psoDesc.InputLayout = { inputElementDescs, _countof(inputElementDescs) };
		psoDesc.pRootSignature = m_rootSignature.Get();
		psoDesc.VS = CD3DX12_SHADER_BYTECODE(vertexShader.Get());
		psoDesc.PS = CD3DX12_SHADER_BYTECODE(pixelShader.Get());
		psoDesc.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState.DepthEnable = FALSE;
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState.StencilEnable = FALSE;
		psoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
		psoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
		psoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
		psoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		psoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_pipelineState)));
		NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_pipelineState);
	}

	// Create the command lists.
	ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, m_commandAllocators[m_frameIndex].Get(), m_pipelineState.Get(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_commandList)));
	NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_commandList);

	ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_COPY, m_copyCommandAllocator.Get(), nullptr, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_copyCommandList)));
	ThrowIfFailed(m_copyCommandList->Close());
	NAME_D3D12_OBJECT(m_copyCommandList);

	// Note: ComPtr's are CPU objects but this resource needs to stay in scope until
	// the command list that references it has finished executing on the GPU.
	// We will flush the GPU at the end of this method to ensure the resource is not
	// prematurely destroyed.
	ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> vertexBufferUpload;

	// Create the vertex buffer.
	{
		// Create quads for all of the images that will be generated and drawn to the screen.
		Vertex quadVertices[TextureCount * 4];
		UINT index = 0;
		float offsetX = 0.15f;
		float marginX = offsetX / 10.0f;;
		float startX = (GridWidth / 2.0f) * -(offsetX + marginX) + marginX / 2.0f;
		float offsetY = offsetX * m_aspectRatio;
		float marginY = offsetY / 10.0f;
		float y = (GridHeight / 2.0f) * (offsetY + marginY) - marginY / 2.0f;
		for (UINT row = 0; row < GridHeight; row++)
		{
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Load the sample assets.
void D3D12HelloConstBuffers::LoadAssets()
{
	// Create a root signature consisting of a single CBV parameter.
	{
		CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE ranges[1];
		CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[1];

		ranges[0].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_CBV, 1, 0);
		rootParameters[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &ranges[0], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX);

		// Allow input layout and deny uneccessary access to certain pipeline stages.
		D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_HULL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
			D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_PIXEL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS;

		CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
		rootSignatureDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, 0, nullptr, rootSignatureFlags);

		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
		ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_rootSignature)));
	}

	// Create the pipeline state, which includes compiling and loading shaders.
	{
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> vertexShader;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pixelShader;

#if DEBUG
		// Enable better shader debugging with the graphics debugging tools.
		UINT compileFlags = D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG | D3DCOMPILE_SKIP_OPTIMIZATION;
#else
		UINT compileFlags = 0;
#endif

		ThrowIfFailed(D3DCompileFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shaders.hlsl").c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, "VSMain", "vs_5_0", compileFlags, 0, &vertexShader, nullptr));
		ThrowIfFailed(D3DCompileFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shaders.hlsl").c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, "PSMain", "ps_5_0", compileFlags, 0, &pixelShader, nullptr));

		// Define the vertex input layout.
		D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputElementDescs[] =
		{
			{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
			{ "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }
		};

		// Describe and create the graphics pipeline state object (PSO).
		D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
		psoDesc.InputLayout = { inputElementDescs, _countof(inputElementDescs) };
		psoDesc.pRootSignature = m_rootSignature.Get();
		psoDesc.VS = { reinterpret_cast<UINT8*>(vertexShader->GetBufferPointer()), vertexShader->GetBufferSize() };
		psoDesc.PS = { reinterpret_cast<UINT8*>(pixelShader->GetBufferPointer()), pixelShader->GetBufferSize() };
		psoDesc.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState.DepthEnable = FALSE;
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState.StencilEnable = FALSE;
		psoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
		psoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
		psoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
		psoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		psoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_pipelineState)));
	}

	// Create the command list.
	ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, m_commandAllocator.Get(), m_pipelineState.Get(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_commandList)));

	// Command lists are created in the recording state, but there is nothing
	// to record yet. The main loop expects it to be closed, so close it now.
	ThrowIfFailed(m_commandList->Close());

	// Create the vertex buffer.
	{
		// Define the geometry for a triangle.
		Vertex triangleVertices[] =
		{
			{ { 0.0f, 0.25f * m_aspectRatio, 0.0f }, { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } },
			{ { 0.25f, -0.25f * m_aspectRatio, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } },
			{ { -0.25f, -0.25f * m_aspectRatio, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f } }
		};

		const UINT vertexBufferSize = sizeof(triangleVertices);

		// Note: using upload heaps to transfer static data like vert buffers is not 
		// recommended. Every time the GPU needs it, the upload heap will be marshalled 
		// over. Please read up on Default Heap usage. An upload heap is used here for 
		// code simplicity and because there are very few verts to actually transfer.
		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateCommittedResource(
			&CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD),
			D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
			&CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(vertexBufferSize),
			D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_GENERIC_READ,
			nullptr,
			IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_vertexBuffer)));

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Load the sample assets.
void D3D1211on12::LoadAssets()
{
	// Create an empty root signature.
	{
		CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rootSignatureDesc;
		rootSignatureDesc.Init(0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
		ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&rootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
		ThrowIfFailed(m_d3d12Device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_rootSignature)));
	}

	// Create the pipeline state, which includes compiling and loading shaders.
	{
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> vertexShader;
		ComPtr<ID3DBlob> pixelShader;

#if DEBUG
		// Enable better shader debugging with the graphics debugging tools.
		UINT compileFlags = D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG | D3DCOMPILE_SKIP_OPTIMIZATION;
#else
		UINT compileFlags = 0;
#endif

		ThrowIfFailed(D3DCompileFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shaders.hlsl").c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, "VSMain", "vs_5_0", compileFlags, 0, &vertexShader, nullptr));
		ThrowIfFailed(D3DCompileFromFile(GetAssetFullPath(L"shaders.hlsl").c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, "PSMain", "ps_5_0", compileFlags, 0, &pixelShader, nullptr));

		// Define the vertex input layout.
		D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputElementDescs[] =
		{
			{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
			{ "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }
		};

		// Describe and create the graphics pipeline state object (PSO).
		D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
		psoDesc.InputLayout = { inputElementDescs, _countof(inputElementDescs) };
		psoDesc.pRootSignature = m_rootSignature.Get();
		psoDesc.VS = { reinterpret_cast<UINT8*>(vertexShader->GetBufferPointer()), vertexShader->GetBufferSize() };
		psoDesc.PS = { reinterpret_cast<UINT8*>(pixelShader->GetBufferPointer()), pixelShader->GetBufferSize() };
		psoDesc.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState.DepthEnable = FALSE;
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState.StencilEnable = FALSE;
		psoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
		psoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
		psoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
		psoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		psoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

		ThrowIfFailed(m_d3d12Device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_pipelineState)));
	}

	ThrowIfFailed(m_d3d12Device->CreateCommandList(0, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT, m_commandAllocators[m_frameIndex].Get(), m_pipelineState.Get(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_commandList)));

	// Create D2D/DWrite objects for rendering text.
	{
		ThrowIfFailed(m_d2dDeviceContext->CreateSolidColorBrush(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black), &m_textBrush));
		ThrowIfFailed(m_dWriteFactory->CreateTextFormat(
			L"Verdana",
			NULL,
			DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL,
			DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL,
			DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL,
			50,
			L"en-us",
			&m_textFormat
			));
		ThrowIfFailed(m_textFormat->SetTextAlignment(DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER));
		ThrowIfFailed(m_textFormat->SetParagraphAlignment(DWRITE_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT_CENTER));
	}

	ComPtr<ID3D12Resource> vertexBufferUpload;

	// Create the vertex buffer.
	{
		// Define the geometry for a triangle.
		Vertex triangleVertices[] =
		{
			{ { 0.0f, 0.25f * m_aspectRatio, 0.0f }, { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } },
			{ { 0.25f, -0.25f * m_aspectRatio, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } },
			{ { -0.25f, -0.25f * m_aspectRatio, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f } }
		};

		const UINT vertexBufferSize = sizeof(triangleVertices);

		ThrowIfFailed(m_d3d12Device->CreateCommittedResource(
			&CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT),
			D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
			&CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(vertexBufferSize),
			D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST,
			nullptr,
			IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_vertexBuffer)));

		ThrowIfFailed(m_d3d12Device->CreateCommittedResource(
			&CD3DX12_HEAP_PROPERTIES(D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_UPLOAD),
			D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
			&CD3DX12_RESOURCE_DESC::Buffer(vertexBufferSize),
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Generate data for the scene triangles.
void D3D12SingleGpu::LoadAssets()
{
	// Create the root signatures.
	{
		// Create a root signature for rendering the triangle scene.
		{
			CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE sceneRanges[1];
			sceneRanges[0].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_CBV, 1, 0);

			CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER sceneRootParameters[2];
			sceneRootParameters[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &sceneRanges[0], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX);
			sceneRootParameters[1].InitAsConstants(1, 1, 0, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX);

			CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC sceneRootSignatureDesc;
			sceneRootSignatureDesc.Init(_countof(sceneRootParameters), sceneRootParameters, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

			ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
			ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
			ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&sceneRootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
			ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_sceneRootSignature)));
		}

		// Create a root signature for the post-process pass.
		{
			CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE postRanges[2];
			postRanges[0].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, Settings::SceneHistoryCount, 0);
			postRanges[1].Init(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, 0);

			CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER postRootParameters[3];
			postRootParameters[0].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &postRanges[0], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);
			postRootParameters[1].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &postRanges[1], D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);
			postRootParameters[2].InitAsConstants(2, 0, 0, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL);

			CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC postRootSignatureDesc;
			postRootSignatureDesc.Init(_countof(postRootParameters), postRootParameters, 0, nullptr, D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT);

			ComPtr<ID3DBlob> signature;
			ComPtr<ID3DBlob> error;
			ThrowIfFailed(D3D12SerializeRootSignature(&postRootSignatureDesc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1, &signature, &error));
			ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateRootSignature(0, signature->GetBufferPointer(), signature->GetBufferSize(), IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_postRootSignature)));
		}
	}

	// Create the pipeline state, which includes compiling and loading shaders.
	{
		// Define the vertex input layout for the triangle scene.
		D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputElementDescs[] =
		{
			{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
		};

		// Describe and create the graphics pipeline state objects (PSO).
		D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC psoDesc = {};
		psoDesc.InputLayout = { inputElementDescs, _countof(inputElementDescs) };
		psoDesc.pRootSignature = m_sceneRootSignature.Get();
		psoDesc.VS = { g_SceneVS, sizeof(g_SceneVS) };
		psoDesc.PS = { g_ScenePS, sizeof(g_ScenePS) };
		psoDesc.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.DepthStencilState = CD3DX12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		psoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
		psoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
		psoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
		psoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		psoDesc.DSVFormat = DXGI_FORMAT_D32_FLOAT;
		psoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&psoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_scenePipelineState)));

		// Define the vertex input layout for the post-process fullscreen quad.
		D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC postInputElementDescs[] =
		{
			{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
			{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, D3D12_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT, D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
		};

		// Describe and create the PSO for the post-process pass.
		D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC postPsoDesc = {};
		postPsoDesc.InputLayout = { postInputElementDescs, _countof(postInputElementDescs) };
		postPsoDesc.pRootSignature = m_postRootSignature.Get();
		postPsoDesc.VS = { g_PostVS, sizeof(g_PostVS) };
		postPsoDesc.PS = { g_PostPS, sizeof(g_PostPS) };
		postPsoDesc.RasterizerState = CD3DX12_RASTERIZER_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		postPsoDesc.BlendState = CD3DX12_BLEND_DESC(D3D12_DEFAULT);
		postPsoDesc.DepthStencilState.DepthEnable = FALSE;
		postPsoDesc.DepthStencilState.StencilEnable = FALSE;
		postPsoDesc.SampleMask = UINT_MAX;
		postPsoDesc.PrimitiveTopologyType = D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE;
		postPsoDesc.NumRenderTargets = 1;
		postPsoDesc.RTVFormats[0] = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		postPsoDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

		ThrowIfFailed(m_device->CreateGraphicsPipelineState(&postPsoDesc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_postPipelineState)));
	}

	// Single-use command allocator/list for resource initialization.
	ComPtr<ID3D12CommandAllocator> commandAllocator;
	ComPtr<ID3D12GraphicsCommandList> commandList;

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Constructor.
DualTextureEffect::Impl::Impl(_In_ ID3D12Device* device, int effectFlags, const EffectPipelineStateDescription& pipelineDescription)
    : EffectBase(device),
    texture1{},
    texture1Sampler{},
    texture2{},
    texture2Sampler{}
{
    static_assert(_countof(EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::VertexShaderIndices) == DualTextureEffectTraits::ShaderPermutationCount, "array/max mismatch");
    static_assert(_countof(EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::VertexShaderBytecode) == DualTextureEffectTraits::VertexShaderCount, "array/max mismatch");
    static_assert(_countof(EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::PixelShaderBytecode) == DualTextureEffectTraits::PixelShaderCount, "array/max mismatch");
    static_assert(_countof(EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::PixelShaderIndices) == DualTextureEffectTraits::ShaderPermutationCount, "array/max mismatch");
    
    {   // Create Root signature
        D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAGS rootSignatureFlags =
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT | // Only the input assembler stage needs access to the constant buffer.
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_GEOMETRY_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
            D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_HULL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS;

        CD3DX12_ROOT_PARAMETER rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::RootParameterCount];
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::ConstantBuffer].InitAsConstantBufferView(0, 0, D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_ALL);

        // Texture 1
        CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE texture1Range(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, 0);
        CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE texture1SamplerRange(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, 0);
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::Texture1SRV].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &texture1Range);
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::Texture1Sampler].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &texture1SamplerRange);
        
        // Texture 2
        CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE texture2Range(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV, 1, 1);
        CD3DX12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE texture2SamplerRange(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SAMPLER, 1, 1);
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::Texture2SRV].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &texture2Range);
        rootParameters[RootParameterIndex::Texture2Sampler].InitAsDescriptorTable(1, &texture2SamplerRange);

        // Create the root signature
        CD3DX12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC rsigDesc;
        rsigDesc.Init(_countof(rootParameters), rootParameters, 0, nullptr, rootSignatureFlags);

        ThrowIfFailed(CreateRootSignature(device, &rsigDesc, mRootSignature.ReleaseAndGetAddressOf()));
    }

    // Validate flags & state
    fog.enabled = (effectFlags & EffectFlags::Fog) != 0;

    if (effectFlags & EffectFlags::PerPixelLightingBit)
    {
        DebugTrace("ERROR: DualTextureEffect does not implement EffectFlags::PerPixelLighting\n");
        throw std::invalid_argument("DualTextureEffect");
    }
    else if (effectFlags & EffectFlags::Lighting)
    {
        DebugTrace("ERROR: DualTextureEffect does not implement EffectFlags::Lighting\n");
        throw std::invalid_argument("DualTextureEffect");
    }

    {   // Create pipeline state
        int sp = GetPipelineStatePermutation(
            (effectFlags & EffectFlags::VertexColor) != 0);
        assert(sp >= 0 && sp < DualTextureEffectTraits::ShaderPermutationCount);

        int vi = EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::VertexShaderIndices[sp];
        assert(vi >= 0 && vi < DualTextureEffectTraits::VertexShaderCount);
        int pi = EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::PixelShaderIndices[sp];
        assert(pi >= 0 && pi < DualTextureEffectTraits::PixelShaderCount);

        EffectBase::CreatePipelineState(
            mRootSignature.Get(),
            pipelineDescription.inputLayout,
            &EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::VertexShaderBytecode[vi],
            &EffectBase<DualTextureEffectTraits>::PixelShaderBytecode[pi],
            pipelineDescription.blendDesc,
            pipelineDescription.depthStencilDesc,
            pipelineDescription.rasterizerDesc,
            pipelineDescription.renderTargetState,
            pipelineDescription.primitiveTopology,
            pipelineDescription.stripCutValue);
    }
}