C++ snd_card_register函数代码示例

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
	mgr->irq = pci->irq;

	sprintf(mgr->shortname, "Digigram miXart");
	sprintf(mgr->longname, "%s at 0x%lx & 0x%lx, irq %i", mgr->shortname, mgr->mem[0].phys, mgr->mem[1].phys, mgr->irq);

	/* ISR spinlock  */
	spin_lock_init(&mgr->lock);

	/* init mailbox  */
	mgr->msg_fifo_readptr = 0;
	mgr->msg_fifo_writeptr = 0;

	spin_lock_init(&mgr->msg_lock);
	mutex_init(&mgr->msg_mutex);
	init_waitqueue_head(&mgr->msg_sleep);
	atomic_set(&mgr->msg_processed, 0);

	/* init setup mutex*/
	mutex_init(&mgr->setup_mutex);

	/* init message taslket */
	tasklet_init(&mgr->msg_taskq, snd_mixart_msg_tasklet, (unsigned long) mgr);

	/* card assignment */
	mgr->num_cards = MIXART_MAX_CARDS; /* 4  FIXME: configurable? */
	for (i = 0; i < mgr->num_cards; i++) {
		struct snd_card *card;
		char tmpid[16];
		int idx;

		if (index[dev] < 0)
			idx = index[dev];
		else
			idx = index[dev] + i;
		snprintf(tmpid, sizeof(tmpid), "%s-%d", id[dev] ? id[dev] : "MIXART", i);
		card = snd_card_new(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0);

		if (! card) {
			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the card %d\n", i);
			snd_mixart_free(mgr);
			return -ENOMEM;
		}

		strcpy(card->driver, CARD_NAME);
		sprintf(card->shortname, "%s [PCM #%d]", mgr->shortname, i);
		sprintf(card->longname, "%s [PCM #%d]", mgr->longname, i);

		if ((err = snd_mixart_create(mgr, card, i)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			snd_mixart_free(mgr);
			return err;
		}

		if(i==0) {
			/* init proc interface only for chip0 */
			snd_mixart_proc_init(mgr->chip[i]);
		}

		if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
			snd_mixart_free(mgr);
			return err;
		}
	}

	/* init firmware status (mgr->dsp_loaded reset in hwdep_new) */
	mgr->board_type = MIXART_DAUGHTER_TYPE_NONE;

	/* create array of streaminfo */
	size = PAGE_ALIGN( (MIXART_MAX_STREAM_PER_CARD * MIXART_MAX_CARDS *
			    sizeof(struct mixart_flowinfo)) );
	if (snd_dma_alloc_pages(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, snd_dma_pci_data(pci),
				size, &mgr->flowinfo) < 0) {
		snd_mixart_free(mgr);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	/* init streaminfo_array */
	memset(mgr->flowinfo.area, 0, size);

	/* create array of bufferinfo */
	size = PAGE_ALIGN( (MIXART_MAX_STREAM_PER_CARD * MIXART_MAX_CARDS *
			    sizeof(struct mixart_bufferinfo)) );
	if (snd_dma_alloc_pages(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, snd_dma_pci_data(pci),
				size, &mgr->bufferinfo) < 0) {
		snd_mixart_free(mgr);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	/* init bufferinfo_array */
	memset(mgr->bufferinfo.area, 0, size);

	/* set up firmware */
	err = snd_mixart_setup_firmware(mgr);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_mixart_free(mgr);
		return err;
	}

	pci_set_drvdata(pci, mgr);
	dev++;
	return 0;
}

static int __devinit snd_vx222_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
				     const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
{
	static int dev;
	struct snd_card *card;
	struct snd_vx_hardware *hw;
	struct snd_vx222 *vx;
	int err;

	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
		return -ENODEV;
	if (!enable[dev]) {
		dev++;
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	switch ((int)pci_id->driver_data) {
	case VX_PCI_VX222_OLD:
		hw = &vx222_old_hw;
		break;
	case VX_PCI_VX222_NEW:
	default:
		if (mic[dev])
			hw = &vx222_mic_hw;
		else
			hw = &vx222_v2_hw;
		break;
	}
	if ((err = snd_vx222_create(card, pci, hw, &vx)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	card->private_data = vx;
	vx->core.ibl.size = ibl[dev];

	sprintf(card->longname, "%s at 0x%lx & 0x%lx, irq %i",
		card->shortname, vx->port[0], vx->port[1], vx->core.irq);
	snd_printdd("%s at 0x%lx & 0x%lx, irq %i\n",
		    card->shortname, vx->port[0], vx->port[1], vx->core.irq);

#ifdef SND_VX_FW_LOADER
	vx->core.dev = &pci->dev;
#endif

	if ((err = snd_vx_setup_firmware(&vx->core)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
	dev++;
	return 0;
}

static int snd_trident_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
			     const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
{
	static int dev;
	struct snd_card *card;
	struct snd_trident *trident;
	const char *str;
	int err, pcm_dev = 0;

	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
		return -ENODEV;
	if (!enable[dev]) {
		dev++;
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	if ((err = snd_trident_create(card, pci,
				      pcm_channels[dev],
				      ((pci->vendor << 16) | pci->device) == TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_SI7018 ? 1 : 2,
				      wavetable_size[dev],
				      &trident)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	card->private_data = trident;

	switch (trident->device) {
	case TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_DX:
		str = "TRID4DWAVEDX";
		break;
	case TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_NX:
		str = "TRID4DWAVENX";
		break;
	case TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_SI7018:
		str = "SI7018";
		break;
	default:
		str = "Unknown";
	}
	strcpy(card->driver, str);
	if (trident->device == TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_SI7018) {
		strcpy(card->shortname, "SiS ");
	} else {
		strcpy(card->shortname, "Trident ");
	}
	strcat(card->shortname, card->driver);
	sprintf(card->longname, "%s PCI Audio at 0x%lx, irq %d",
		card->shortname, trident->port, trident->irq);

	if ((err = snd_trident_pcm(trident, pcm_dev++, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	switch (trident->device) {
	case TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_DX:
	case TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_NX:
		if ((err = snd_trident_foldback_pcm(trident, pcm_dev++, NULL)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			return err;
		}
		break;
	}
	if (trident->device == TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_NX || trident->device == TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_SI7018) {
		if ((err = snd_trident_spdif_pcm(trident, pcm_dev++, NULL)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			return err;
		}
	}
	if (trident->device != TRIDENT_DEVICE_ID_SI7018 &&
	    (err = snd_mpu401_uart_new(card, 0, MPU401_HW_TRID4DWAVE,
				       trident->midi_port,
				       MPU401_INFO_INTEGRATED |
				       MPU401_INFO_IRQ_HOOK,
				       -1, &trident->rmidi)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	snd_trident_create_gameport(trident);

	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
	dev++;
	return 0;
}

static int __devinit snd_card_cs46xx_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
					   const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
{
	static int dev;
	struct snd_card *card;
	struct snd_cs46xx *chip;
	int err;

	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
		return -ENODEV;
	if (!enable[dev]) {
		dev++;
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
	if (card == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_create(card, pci,
				     external_amp[dev], thinkpad[dev],
				     &chip)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	card->private_data = chip;
	chip->accept_valid = mmap_valid[dev];
	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_pcm(chip, 0, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CS46XX_NEW_DSP
	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_pcm_rear(chip,1, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_pcm_iec958(chip,2,NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
#endif
	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_mixer(chip, 2)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_CS46XX_NEW_DSP
	if (chip->nr_ac97_codecs ==2) {
		if ((err = snd_cs46xx_pcm_center_lfe(chip,3,NULL)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			return err;
		}
	}
#endif
	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_midi(chip, 0, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_start_dsp(chip)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}


	snd_cs46xx_gameport(chip);

	strcpy(card->driver, "CS46xx");
	strcpy(card->shortname, "Sound Fusion CS46xx");
	sprintf(card->longname, "%s at 0x%lx/0x%lx, irq %i",
		card->shortname,
		chip->ba0_addr,
		chip->ba1_addr,
		chip->irq);

	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
	dev++;
	return 0;
}

static int
efw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
	  const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
{
	struct snd_card *card;
	struct snd_efw *efw;
	int card_index, err;

	mutex_lock(&devices_mutex);

	/* check registered cards */
	for (card_index = 0; card_index < SNDRV_CARDS; ++card_index) {
		if (!test_bit(card_index, devices_used) && enable[card_index])
			break;
	}
	if (card_index >= SNDRV_CARDS) {
		err = -ENOENT;
		goto end;
	}

	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, index[card_index], id[card_index],
			   THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_efw), &card);
	if (err < 0)
		goto end;
	efw = card->private_data;
	efw->card_index = card_index;
	set_bit(card_index, devices_used);
	card->private_free = efw_card_free;

	efw->card = card;
	efw->unit = unit;
	mutex_init(&efw->mutex);
	spin_lock_init(&efw->lock);
	init_waitqueue_head(&efw->hwdep_wait);

	/* prepare response buffer */
	snd_efw_resp_buf_size = clamp(snd_efw_resp_buf_size,
				      SND_EFW_RESPONSE_MAXIMUM_BYTES, 4096U);
	efw->resp_buf = kzalloc(snd_efw_resp_buf_size, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (efw->resp_buf == NULL) {
		err = -ENOMEM;
		goto error;
	}
	efw->pull_ptr = efw->push_ptr = efw->resp_buf;
	snd_efw_transaction_add_instance(efw);

	err = get_hardware_info(efw);
	if (err < 0)
		goto error;
	if (entry->model_id == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_9)
		efw->is_af9 = true;

	snd_efw_proc_init(efw);

	if (efw->midi_out_ports || efw->midi_in_ports) {
		err = snd_efw_create_midi_devices(efw);
		if (err < 0)
			goto error;
	}

	err = snd_efw_create_pcm_devices(efw);
	if (err < 0)
		goto error;

	err = snd_efw_create_hwdep_device(efw);
	if (err < 0)
		goto error;

	err = snd_efw_stream_init_duplex(efw);
	if (err < 0)
		goto error;

	err = snd_card_register(card);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_efw_stream_destroy_duplex(efw);
		goto error;
	}

	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, efw);
end:
	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
	return err;
error:
	snd_efw_transaction_remove_instance(efw);
	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
	snd_card_free(card);
	return err;
}

static int __devinit snd_msnd_attach(struct snd_card *card)
{
	struct snd_msnd *chip = card->private_data;
	int err;
	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
		.dev_free =      snd_msnd_dev_free,
		};

	err = request_irq(chip->irq, snd_msnd_interrupt, 0, card->shortname,
			  chip);
	if (err < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR LOGNAME ": Couldn't grab IRQ %d\n", chip->irq);
		return err;
	}
	if (request_region(chip->io, DSP_NUMIO, card->shortname) == NULL) {
		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
		return -EBUSY;
	}

	if (!request_mem_region(chip->base, BUFFSIZE, card->shortname)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR LOGNAME
			": unable to grab memory region 0x%lx-0x%lx\n",
			chip->base, chip->base + BUFFSIZE - 1);
		release_region(chip->io, DSP_NUMIO);
		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
		return -EBUSY;
	}
	chip->mappedbase = ioremap_nocache(chip->base, 0x8000);
	if (!chip->mappedbase) {
		printk(KERN_ERR LOGNAME
			": unable to map memory region 0x%lx-0x%lx\n",
			chip->base, chip->base + BUFFSIZE - 1);
		err = -EIO;
		goto err_release_region;
	}

	err = snd_msnd_dsp_full_reset(card);
	if (err < 0)
		goto err_release_region;

	/* Register device */
	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops);
	if (err < 0)
		goto err_release_region;

	err = snd_msnd_pcm(card, 0, NULL);
	if (err < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR LOGNAME ": error creating new PCM device\n");
		goto err_release_region;
	}

	err = snd_msndmix_new(card);
	if (err < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR LOGNAME ": error creating new Mixer device\n");
		goto err_release_region;
	}


	if (mpu_io[0] != SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
		struct snd_mpu401 *mpu;

		err = snd_mpu401_uart_new(card, 0, MPU401_HW_MPU401,
					  mpu_io[0],
					  MPU401_MODE_INPUT |
					  MPU401_MODE_OUTPUT,
					  mpu_irq[0], IRQF_DISABLED,
					  &chip->rmidi);
		if (err < 0) {
			printk(KERN_ERR LOGNAME
				": error creating new Midi device\n");
			goto err_release_region;
		}
		mpu = chip->rmidi->private_data;

		mpu->open_input = snd_msnd_mpu401_open;
		mpu->close_input = snd_msnd_mpu401_close;
		mpu->private_data = chip;
	}

	disable_irq(chip->irq);
	snd_msnd_calibrate_adc(chip, chip->play_sample_rate);
	snd_msndmix_force_recsrc(chip, 0);

	err = snd_card_register(card);
	if (err < 0)
		goto err_release_region;

	return 0;

err_release_region:
	if (chip->mappedbase)
		iounmap(chip->mappedbase);
	release_mem_region(chip->base, BUFFSIZE);
	release_region(chip->io, DSP_NUMIO);
	free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
	return err;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
        	return -ENODEV;
	if (!enable[dev]) {
		dev++;
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
	if (card == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	if (max_buffer_size[dev] < 32)
		max_buffer_size[dev] = 32;
	else if (max_buffer_size[dev] > 1024)
		max_buffer_size[dev] = 1024;
	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_create(card, pci, extin[dev], extout[dev],
				      (long)max_buffer_size[dev] * 1024 * 1024,
				      enable_ir[dev],
				      &emu)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}		
	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_pcm(emu, 0, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}		
	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_pcm_mic(emu, 1, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}		
	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx(emu, 2, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}		
	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_mixer(emu)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	
	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_timer(emu, 0)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	if (emu->audigy) {
		if ((err = snd_emu10k1_audigy_midi(emu)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			return err;
		}
	} else {
		if ((err = snd_emu10k1_midi(emu)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			return err;
		}
	}
	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_fx8010_new(emu, 0, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
#ifdef ENABLE_SYNTH
	if (snd_seq_device_new(card, 1, SNDRV_SEQ_DEV_ID_EMU10K1_SYNTH,
			       sizeof(snd_emu10k1_synth_arg_t), &wave) < 0 ||
	    wave == NULL) {
		snd_printk("can't initialize Emu10k1 wavetable synth\n");
	} else {
		snd_emu10k1_synth_arg_t *arg;
		arg = SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_ARGPTR(wave);
		strcpy(wave->name, "Emu-10k1 Synth");
		arg->hwptr = emu;
		arg->index = 1;
		arg->seq_ports = seq_ports[dev];
		arg->max_voices = max_synth_voices[dev];
	}
#endif
 
	if (emu->audigy && (emu->serial == 0x10011102) ) {
		strcpy(card->driver, "Audigy2");
		strcpy(card->shortname, "Sound Blaster Audigy2_Value");
	} else if (emu->audigy && (emu->revision == 4) ) {
		strcpy(card->driver, "Audigy2");
		strcpy(card->shortname, "Sound Blaster Audigy2");
	} else if (emu->audigy) {
		strcpy(card->driver, "Audigy");
		strcpy(card->shortname, "Sound Blaster Audigy");
	} else if (emu->APS) {
		strcpy(card->driver, "E-mu APS");
		strcpy(card->shortname, "E-mu APS");
	} else {
		strcpy(card->driver, "EMU10K1");
		strcpy(card->shortname, "Sound Blaster Live!");
	}
	sprintf(card->longname, "%s (rev.%d, serial:0x%x) at 0x%lx, irq %i", card->shortname, emu->revision, emu->serial, emu->port, emu->irq);

	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
	dev++;
	return 0;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
		return err;
	}

	/* -------- CS4232 MPU-401 interface -------- */

	if (cs4232_mpu_port[dev] > 0 && cs4232_mpu_port[dev] != SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
		err = snd_mpu401_uart_new(card, midi_dev, MPU401_HW_CS4232,
					  cs4232_mpu_port[dev], 0,
					  cs4232_mpu_irq[dev], IRQF_DISABLED,
					  NULL);
		if (err < 0) {
			snd_printk (KERN_ERR "can't allocate CS4232 MPU-401 device\n");
			return err;
		}
		midi_dev++;
	}

	/* ------ ICS2115 internal MIDI ------------ */

	if (ics2115_port[dev] > 0 && ics2115_port[dev] != SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
		ics2115_internal_rmidi = 
			snd_wavefront_new_midi (card, 
						midi_dev,
						acard,
						ics2115_port[dev],
						internal_mpu);
		if (ics2115_internal_rmidi == NULL) {
			snd_printk (KERN_ERR "can't setup ICS2115 internal MIDI device\n");
			return -ENOMEM;
		}
		midi_dev++;
	}

	/* ------ ICS2115 external MIDI ------------ */

	if (ics2115_port[dev] > 0 && ics2115_port[dev] != SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
		ics2115_external_rmidi = 
			snd_wavefront_new_midi (card, 
						midi_dev,
						acard,
						ics2115_port[dev],
						external_mpu);
		if (ics2115_external_rmidi == NULL) {
			snd_printk (KERN_ERR "can't setup ICS2115 external MIDI device\n");
			return -ENOMEM;
		}
		midi_dev++;
	}

	/* FX processor for Tropez+ */

	if (acard->wavefront.has_fx) {
		fx_processor = snd_wavefront_new_fx (card,
						     hw_dev,
						     acard,
						     ics2115_port[dev]);
		if (fx_processor == NULL) {
			snd_printk (KERN_ERR "can't setup FX device\n");
			return -ENOMEM;
		}

		hw_dev++;

		strcpy(card->driver, "Tropez+");
		strcpy(card->shortname, "Turtle Beach Tropez+");
	} else {
		/* Need a way to distinguish between Maui and Tropez */
		strcpy(card->driver, "WaveFront");
		strcpy(card->shortname, "Turtle Beach WaveFront");
	}

	/* ----- Register the card --------- */

	/* Not safe to include "Turtle Beach" in longname, due to 
	   length restrictions
	*/

	sprintf(card->longname, "%s PCM 0x%lx irq %d dma %d",
		card->driver,
		chip->port,
		cs4232_pcm_irq[dev],
		dma1[dev]);

	if (dma2[dev] >= 0 && dma2[dev] < 8)
		sprintf(card->longname + strlen(card->longname), "&%d", dma2[dev]);

	if (cs4232_mpu_port[dev] > 0 && cs4232_mpu_port[dev] != SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
		sprintf (card->longname + strlen (card->longname), 
			 " MPU-401 0x%lx irq %d",
			 cs4232_mpu_port[dev],
			 cs4232_mpu_irq[dev]);
	}

	sprintf (card->longname + strlen (card->longname), 
		 " SYNTH 0x%lx irq %d",
		 ics2115_port[dev],
		 ics2115_irq[dev]);

	return snd_card_register(card);
}	

static void
do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
{
    struct snd_bebob *bebob =
        container_of(work, struct snd_bebob, dwork.work);
    unsigned int card_index;
    int err;

    if (bebob->registered)
        return;

    mutex_lock(&devices_mutex);

    for (card_index = 0; card_index < SNDRV_CARDS; card_index++) {
        if (!test_bit(card_index, devices_used) && enable[card_index])
            break;
    }
    if (card_index >= SNDRV_CARDS) {
        mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
        return;
    }

    err = snd_card_new(&bebob->unit->device, index[card_index],
                       id[card_index], THIS_MODULE, 0, &bebob->card);
    if (err < 0) {
        mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
        return;
    }

    err = name_device(bebob);
    if (err < 0)
        goto error;

    if (bebob->spec == &maudio_special_spec) {
        if (bebob->entry->model_id == MODEL_MAUDIO_FW1814)
            err = snd_bebob_maudio_special_discover(bebob, true);
        else
            err = snd_bebob_maudio_special_discover(bebob, false);
    } else {
        err = snd_bebob_stream_discover(bebob);
    }
    if (err < 0)
        goto error;

    err = snd_bebob_stream_init_duplex(bebob);
    if (err < 0)
        goto error;

    snd_bebob_proc_init(bebob);

    if (bebob->midi_input_ports > 0 || bebob->midi_output_ports > 0) {
        err = snd_bebob_create_midi_devices(bebob);
        if (err < 0)
            goto error;
    }

    err = snd_bebob_create_pcm_devices(bebob);
    if (err < 0)
        goto error;

    err = snd_bebob_create_hwdep_device(bebob);
    if (err < 0)
        goto error;

    err = snd_card_register(bebob->card);
    if (err < 0)
        goto error;

    set_bit(card_index, devices_used);
    mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);

    /*
     * After registered, bebob instance can be released corresponding to
     * releasing the sound card instance.
     */
    bebob->card->private_free = bebob_card_free;
    bebob->card->private_data = bebob;
    bebob->registered = true;

    return;
error:
    mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
    snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(bebob);
    snd_card_free(bebob->card);
    dev_info(&bebob->unit->device,
             "Sound card registration failed: %d\n", err);
}

static int __devinit snd_gusclassic_probe(struct device *dev, unsigned int n)
{
	struct snd_card *card;
	struct snd_gus_card *gus;
	int error;

	card = snd_card_new(index[n], id[n], THIS_MODULE, 0);
	if (!card)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (pcm_channels[n] < 2)
		pcm_channels[n] = 2;

	error = snd_gusclassic_create(card, dev, n, &gus);
	if (error < 0)
		goto out;

	error = snd_gusclassic_detect(gus);
	if (error < 0)
		goto out;

	gus->joystick_dac = joystick_dac[n];

	error = snd_gus_initialize(gus);
	if (error < 0)
		goto out;

	error = -ENODEV;
	if (gus->max_flag || gus->ess_flag) {
		dev_err(dev, "GUS Classic or ACE soundcard was "
			"not detected at 0x%lx\n", gus->gf1.port);
		goto out;
	}

	error = snd_gf1_new_mixer(gus);
	if (error < 0)
		goto out;

	error = snd_gf1_pcm_new(gus, 0, 0, NULL);
	if (error < 0)
		goto out;

	if (!gus->ace_flag) {
		error = snd_gf1_rawmidi_new(gus, 0, NULL);
		if (error < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	sprintf(card->longname + strlen(card->longname),
		" at 0x%lx, irq %d, dma %d",
		gus->gf1.port, gus->gf1.irq, gus->gf1.dma1);

	if (gus->gf1.dma2 >= 0)
		sprintf(card->longname + strlen(card->longname),
			"&%d", gus->gf1.dma2);

	snd_card_set_dev(card, dev);

	error = snd_card_register(card);
	if (error < 0)
		goto out;

	dev_set_drvdata(dev, card);
	return 0;

out:	snd_card_free(card);
	return error;
}

static int __init snd_sgalaxy_probe(int dev)
{
	static int possible_irqs[] = {7, 9, 10, 11, -1};
	static int possible_dmas[] = {1, 3, 0, -1};
	int err, xirq, xdma1;
	snd_card_t *card;
	ad1848_t *chip;

	if (sbport[dev] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
		snd_printk("specify SB port\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	if (wssport[dev] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT) {
		snd_printk("specify WSS port\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
	if (card == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	xirq = irq[dev];
	if (xirq == SNDRV_AUTO_IRQ) {
		if ((xirq = snd_legacy_find_free_irq(possible_irqs)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			snd_printk("unable to find a free IRQ\n");
			return -EBUSY;
		}
	}
	xdma1 = dma1[dev];
        if (xdma1 == SNDRV_AUTO_DMA) {
		if ((xdma1 = snd_legacy_find_free_dma(possible_dmas)) < 0) {
			snd_card_free(card);
			snd_printk("unable to find a free DMA\n");
			return -EBUSY;
		}
	}

	if ((err = snd_sgalaxy_detect(dev, xirq, xdma1)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	if ((err = snd_ad1848_create(card, wssport[dev] + 4,
				     xirq, xdma1,
				     AD1848_HW_DETECT, &chip)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	if ((err = snd_ad1848_pcm(chip, 0, NULL)) < 0) {
		snd_printdd("sgalaxy - error creating new ad1848 PCM device\n");
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	if ((err = snd_ad1848_mixer(chip)) < 0) {
		snd_printdd("sgalaxy - error creating new ad1848 mixer\n");
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	if (snd_sgalaxy_mixer(chip) < 0) {
		snd_printdd("sgalaxy - the mixer rewrite failed\n");
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	strcpy(card->driver, "Sound Galaxy");
	strcpy(card->shortname, "Sound Galaxy");
	sprintf(card->longname, "Sound Galaxy at 0x%lx, irq %d, dma %d",
		wssport[dev], xirq, xdma1);

	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	snd_sgalaxy_cards[dev] = card;
	return 0;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
	if (ret < 0)
		goto clean_irq;

	strcpy(the_card.card->driver, "PS3");
	strcpy(the_card.card->shortname, "PS3");
	strcpy(the_card.card->longname, "PS3 sound");

	/* create control elements */
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(spdif_ctls); i++) {
		ret = snd_ctl_add(the_card.card,
				  snd_ctl_new1(&spdif_ctls[i], &the_card));
		if (ret < 0)
			goto clean_card;
	}

	/* create PCM devices instance */
	/* NOTE:this driver works assuming pcm:substream = 1:1 */
	ret = snd_pcm_new(the_card.card,
			  "SPDIF",
			  0, /* instance index, will be stored pcm.device*/
			  1, /* output substream */
			  0, /* input substream */
			  &(the_card.pcm));
	if (ret)
		goto clean_card;

	the_card.pcm->private_data = &the_card;
	strcpy(the_card.pcm->name, "SPDIF");

	/* set pcm ops */
	snd_pcm_set_ops(the_card.pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,
			&snd_ps3_pcm_spdif_ops);

	the_card.pcm->info_flags = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED;
	/* pre-alloc PCM DMA buffer*/
	ret = snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(the_card.pcm,
					SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
					&dev->core,
					SND_PS3_PCM_PREALLOC_SIZE,
					SND_PS3_PCM_PREALLOC_SIZE);
	if (ret < 0) {
		pr_info("%s: prealloc failed\n", __func__);
		goto clean_card;
	}

	/*
	 * allocate null buffer
	 * its size should be lager than PS3_AUDIO_FIFO_STAGE_SIZE * 2
	 * PAGE_SIZE is enogh
	 */
	the_card.null_buffer_start_vaddr =
		dma_alloc_coherent(&the_card.ps3_dev->core,
				   PAGE_SIZE,
				   &the_card.null_buffer_start_dma_addr,
				   GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!the_card.null_buffer_start_vaddr) {
		pr_info("%s: nullbuffer alloc failed\n", __func__);
		goto clean_preallocate;
	}
	pr_debug("%s: null vaddr=%p dma=%#llx\n", __func__,
		 the_card.null_buffer_start_vaddr,
		 the_card.null_buffer_start_dma_addr);
	/* set default sample rate/word width */
	snd_ps3_init_avsetting(&the_card);

	/* register the card */
	snd_card_set_dev(the_card.card, &dev->core);
	ret = snd_card_register(the_card.card);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto clean_dma_map;

	pr_info("%s started. start_delay=%dms\n",
		the_card.card->longname, the_card.start_delay);
	return 0;

clean_dma_map:
	dma_free_coherent(&the_card.ps3_dev->core,
			  PAGE_SIZE,
			  the_card.null_buffer_start_vaddr,
			  the_card.null_buffer_start_dma_addr);
clean_preallocate:
	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_free_for_all(the_card.pcm);
clean_card:
	snd_card_free(the_card.card);
clean_irq:
	snd_ps3_free_irq();
clean_dma_region:
	ps3_dma_region_free(dev->d_region);
clean_mmio:
	snd_ps3_unmap_mmio();
clean_dev_map:
	lv1_gpu_device_unmap(2);
clean_open:
	ps3_close_hv_device(dev);
	/*
	 * there is no destructor function to pcm.
	 * midlayer automatically releases if the card removed
	 */
	return ret;
}; /* snd_ps3_probe */

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
			snd_printk("unable to find a free IRQ for ES1688\n");
			err = -EBUSY;
			goto out;
		}
	}
	if (mpu_port[dev] == SNDRV_AUTO_PORT)
		mpu_port[dev] = 0;
	xmpu_irq = mpu_irq[dev];
	if (xmpu_irq > 15)
		xmpu_irq = -1;
	xgf1_dma = dma1[dev];
	if (xgf1_dma == SNDRV_AUTO_DMA) {
		if ((xgf1_dma = snd_legacy_find_free_dma(possible_gf1_dmas)) < 0) {
			snd_printk("unable to find a free DMA for GF1\n");
			err = -EBUSY;
			goto out;
		}
	}
	xess_dma = dma8[dev];
	if (xess_dma == SNDRV_AUTO_DMA) {
		if ((xess_dma = snd_legacy_find_free_dma(possible_ess_dmas)) < 0) {
			snd_printk("unable to find a free DMA for ES1688\n");
			err = -EBUSY;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	if ((err = snd_es1688_create(card, port[dev], mpu_port[dev],
				     xess_irq, xmpu_irq, xess_dma,
				     ES1688_HW_1688, &es1688)) < 0)
		goto out;
	if (gf1_port[dev] < 0)
		gf1_port[dev] = port[dev] + 0x20;
	if ((err = snd_gus_create(card,
				  gf1_port[dev],
				  xgf1_irq,
				  xgf1_dma,
				  -1,
				  0, channels[dev],
				  pcm_channels[dev], 0,
				  &gus)) < 0)
		goto out;

	if ((err = snd_gusextreme_detect(dev, card, gus, es1688)) < 0)
		goto out;

	snd_gusextreme_init(dev, gus);
	if ((err = snd_gus_initialize(gus)) < 0)
		goto out;

	if (!gus->ess_flag) {
		snd_printdd("GUS Extreme soundcard was not detected at 0x%lx\n", gus->gf1.port);
		err = -ENODEV;
		goto out;
	}
	if ((err = snd_es1688_pcm(es1688, 0, NULL)) < 0)
		goto out;

	if ((err = snd_es1688_mixer(es1688)) < 0)
		goto out;

	snd_component_add(card, "ES1688");
	if (pcm_channels[dev] > 0) {
		if ((err = snd_gf1_pcm_new(gus, 1, 1, NULL)) < 0)
			goto out;
	}
	if ((err = snd_gf1_new_mixer(gus)) < 0)
		goto out;

	if ((err = snd_gusextreme_mixer(es1688)) < 0)
		goto out;

	if (snd_opl3_create(card, es1688->port, es1688->port + 2,
			    OPL3_HW_OPL3, 0, &opl3) < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "gusextreme: opl3 not detected at 0x%lx\n", es1688->port);
	} else {
		if ((err = snd_opl3_hwdep_new(opl3, 0, 2, NULL)) < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	if (es1688->mpu_port >= 0x300 &&
	    (err = snd_mpu401_uart_new(card, 0, MPU401_HW_ES1688,
					       es1688->mpu_port, 0,
					       xmpu_irq,
					       SA_INTERRUPT,
					       NULL)) < 0)
		goto out;

	sprintf(card->longname, "Gravis UltraSound Extreme at 0x%lx, irq %i&%i, dma %i&%i",
		es1688->port, xgf1_irq, xess_irq, xgf1_dma, xess_dma);
	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0)
		goto out;

	snd_gusextreme_cards[dev] = card;
	return 0;

      out:
	snd_card_free(card);
	return err;
}

    static int
vaudio_snd_init_card (NkVaudio dev)
{
    int err = 0;
    int i, j;

	/*
	 * Wait until the backend is on.
	 */
    while (dev->vlink->c_state != dev->vlink->s_state) {
	msleep_interruptible(10);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < NK_VAUDIO_DEV_MAX; i++) {
	for (j = 0; j < NK_VAUDIO_STREAM_MAX; j++) {
	    struct snd_pcm_hardware* pcm_hw;
	    const NkVaudioHw* config = dev->s[i][j].hw_conf;

	    if (j == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
	        pcm_hw = &vaudio_snd_playback[i][j];
	    } else {
	        pcm_hw = &vaudio_snd_capture[i][j];
	    }
	    pcm_hw->info = (SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
			    SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
			    SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
			    SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID);
	    if (!(config->stream_cap & HW_CAP_PCM)) {
	        err = -ENODEV;
	        goto nodev;
	    }
	    pcm_hw->formats  = config->pcm.formats;
	    pcm_hw->rates    = config->pcm.rates;
	    pcm_hw->rate_min = config->pcm.rate_min;
	    pcm_hw->rate_max = config->pcm.rate_max;
	    pcm_hw->channels_min = config->pcm.channels_min;
	    pcm_hw->channels_max = config->pcm.channels_max;
	    pcm_hw->buffer_bytes_max = config->pcm.buffer_bytes_max;
	    if (pcm_hw->buffer_bytes_max > NK_VAUDIO_MAX_RING_SIZE) {
		pcm_hw->buffer_bytes_max = NK_VAUDIO_MAX_RING_SIZE;
	    }
	    pcm_hw->period_bytes_min = config->pcm.period_bytes_min;
	    pcm_hw->period_bytes_max = config->pcm.period_bytes_max;
	    pcm_hw->periods_min = config->pcm.periods_min;
	    if (pcm_hw->periods_min < 8) {
		pcm_hw->periods_min = 8;
	    }
	    pcm_hw->periods_max = config->pcm.periods_max;
	    if (pcm_hw->periods_max > NK_VAUDIO_RING_DESC_NB) {
		pcm_hw->periods_max = NK_VAUDIO_RING_DESC_NB;
	    }
	    pcm_hw->fifo_size = config->pcm.fifo_size;
	    if (config->stream_cap & HW_CAP_DMA) {
		dev->s[i][j].use_dma = 1;
	    } else {
		dev->s[i][j].use_dma = 0;
	    }
	}
	if ((err = vaudio_snd_card_pcm(dev, i)) < 0) {
	    WTRACE("device %d initialization failed\n", i);
	}
    }
    if ((err = vaudio_snd_mixer(dev)) < 0)
	goto nodev;

    snprintf (dev->card->driver, sizeof dev->card->driver, "VAUDIO");
    snprintf (dev->card->shortname, sizeof dev->card->shortname,
	      "VIRTUAL AUDIO");
    snprintf (dev->card->longname, sizeof dev->card->longname,
	      "VIRTUAL AUDIO");
    do {
	    /*
	     * Here ALSA sound core might not be setup yet.
	     * We wait until the registering of vaudio card is successful.
	     */
	if ((err = snd_card_register(dev->card)) == 0) {
	    TRACE("audio support initialized\n");
	    return 0;
	}
	msleep_interruptible(10);
    } while (err);

nodev:
    ETRACE ("initialization failed\n");
    return err;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

	// (4) Alloc components.
	err = snd_vortex_mixer(chip);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	// ADB pcm.
	err = snd_vortex_new_pcm(chip, VORTEX_PCM_ADB, NR_PCM);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
#ifndef CHIP_AU8820
	// ADB SPDIF
	if ((err = snd_vortex_new_pcm(chip, VORTEX_PCM_SPDIF, 1)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	// A3D
	if ((err = snd_vortex_new_pcm(chip, VORTEX_PCM_A3D, NR_A3D)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
#endif
	/*
	   // ADB I2S
	   if ((err = snd_vortex_new_pcm(chip, VORTEX_PCM_I2S, 1)) < 0) {
	   snd_card_free(card);
	   return err;
	   }
	 */
#ifndef CHIP_AU8810
	// WT pcm.
	if ((err = snd_vortex_new_pcm(chip, VORTEX_PCM_WT, NR_WT)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
#endif
	if ((err = snd_vortex_midi(chip)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	vortex_gameport_register(chip);

#if 0
	if (snd_seq_device_new(card, 1, SNDRV_SEQ_DEV_ID_VORTEX_SYNTH,
			       sizeof(snd_vortex_synth_arg_t), &wave) < 0
	    || wave == NULL) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "Can't initialize Aureal wavetable synth\n");
	} else {
		snd_vortex_synth_arg_t *arg;

		arg = SNDRV_SEQ_DEVICE_ARGPTR(wave);
		strcpy(wave->name, "Aureal Synth");
		arg->hwptr = vortex;
		arg->index = 1;
		arg->seq_ports = seq_ports[dev];
		arg->max_voices = max_synth_voices[dev];
	}
#endif

	// (5)
	if ((err = pci_read_config_word(pci, PCI_DEVICE_ID,
				  &(chip->device))) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	if ((err = pci_read_config_word(pci, PCI_VENDOR_ID,
				  &(chip->vendor))) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	chip->rev = pci->revision;
#ifdef CHIP_AU8830
	if ((chip->rev) != 0xfe && (chip->rev) != 0xfa) {
		printk(KERN_ALERT
		       "vortex: The revision (%x) of your card has not been seen before.\n",
		       chip->rev);
		printk(KERN_ALERT
		       "vortex: Please email the results of 'lspci -vv' to [email protected]\n");
		snd_card_free(card);
		err = -ENODEV;
		return err;
	}
#endif

	// (6)
	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	// (7)
	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
	dev++;
	vortex_connect_default(chip, 1);
	vortex_enable_int(chip);
	return 0;
}