C++ pixInvert函数代码示例

// Helper to remove an enclosing circle from an image.
// If there isn't one, then the image will most likely get badly mangled.
// The returned pix must be pixDestroyed after use. NULL may be returned
// if the image doesn't meet the trivial conditions that it uses to determine
// success.
static Pix* RemoveEnclosingCircle(Pix* pixs) {
  Pix* pixsi = pixInvert(NULL, pixs);
  Pix* pixc = pixCreateTemplate(pixs);
  pixSetOrClearBorder(pixc, 1, 1, 1, 1, PIX_SET);
  pixSeedfillBinary(pixc, pixc, pixsi, 4);
  pixInvert(pixc, pixc);
  pixDestroy(&pixsi);
  Pix* pixt = pixAnd(NULL, pixs, pixc);
  l_int32 max_count;
  pixCountConnComp(pixt, 8, &max_count);
  // The count has to go up before we start looking for the minimum.
  l_int32 min_count = MAX_INT32;
  Pix* pixout = NULL;
  for (int i = 1; i < kMaxCircleErosions; i++) {
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    pixErodeBrick(pixc, pixc, 3, 3);
    pixt = pixAnd(NULL, pixs, pixc);
    l_int32 count;
    pixCountConnComp(pixt, 8, &count);
    if (i == 1 || count > max_count) {
      max_count = count;
      min_count = count;
    } else if (i > 1 && count < min_count) {
      min_count = count;
      pixDestroy(&pixout);
      pixout = pixCopy(NULL, pixt);  // Save the best.
    } else if (count >= min_count) {
      break;  // We have passed by the best.
    }
  }
  pixDestroy(&pixt);
  pixDestroy(&pixc);
  return pixout;
}

main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
l_int32      i, w, h, d;
l_float32    time;
PIX         *pixs, *pixf, *pixd;
PIXA        *pixa;
char        *filein, *fileout;
static char  mainName[] = "edgetest";

    if (argc != 3)
	exit(ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  edgetest filein fileout", mainName, 1));

    filein = argv[1];
    fileout = argv[2];

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
	exit(ERROR_INT("pix not made", mainName, 1));
    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, &d);
    if (d != 8)
	exit(ERROR_INT("pix not 8 bpp", mainName, 1));

        /* Speed: about 12 Mpix/GHz/sec */
    startTimer();
    pixf = pixSobelEdgeFilter(pixs, L_HORIZONTAL_EDGES);
    pixd = pixThresholdToBinary(pixf, 60);
    pixInvert(pixd, pixd);
    time = stopTimer();
    fprintf(stderr, "Time =  %7.3f sec\n", time);
    fprintf(stderr, "MPix/sec: %7.3f\n", 0.000001 * w * h / time);
    pixDisplay(pixs, 0, 0);
    pixInvert(pixf, pixf);
    pixDisplay(pixf, 480, 0);
    pixDisplay(pixd, 960, 0);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixf, IFF_PNG);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Threshold at different values */
    pixInvert(pixf, pixf);
    for (i = 10; i <= 120; i += 10) {
        pixd = pixThresholdToBinary(pixf, i);
        pixInvert(pixd, pixd);
        pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pixf);

        /* Display tiled */
    pixa = pixaReadFiles("/tmp", "junk_write_display");
    pixd = pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled(pixa, 8, 400, 3, 0, 25, 2);
    pixWrite("/tmp/junktiles.jpg", pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    exit(0);
}

/**
 * Returns an image of the current object at the given level in greyscale
 * if available in the input. To guarantee a binary image use BinaryImage.
 * NOTE that in order to give the best possible image, the bounds are
 * expanded slightly over the binary connected component, by the supplied
 * padding, so the top-left position of the returned image is returned
 * in (left,top). These will most likely not match the coordinates
 * returned by BoundingBox.
 * Use pixDestroy to delete the image after use.
 */
Pix* PageIterator::GetImage(PageIteratorLevel level, int padding,
                            int* left, int* top) const {
  int right, bottom;
  if (!BoundingBox(level, left, top, &right, &bottom))
    return NULL;
  Pix* pix = tesseract_->pix_grey();
  if (pix == NULL)
    return GetBinaryImage(level);

  // Expand the box.
  *left = MAX(*left - padding, 0);
  *top = MAX(*top - padding, 0);
  right = MIN(right + padding, rect_width_);
  bottom = MIN(bottom + padding, rect_height_);
  Box* box = boxCreate(*left, *top, right - *left, bottom - *top);
  Pix* grey_pix = pixClipRectangle(pix, box, NULL);
  boxDestroy(&box);
  if (level == RIL_BLOCK) {
    Pix* mask = it_->block()->block->render_mask();
    Pix* expanded_mask = pixCreate(right - *left, bottom - *top, 1);
    pixRasterop(expanded_mask, padding, padding,
                pixGetWidth(mask), pixGetHeight(mask),
                PIX_SRC, mask, 0, 0);
    pixDestroy(&mask);
    pixDilateBrick(expanded_mask, expanded_mask, 2*padding + 1, 2*padding + 1);
    pixInvert(expanded_mask, expanded_mask);
    pixSetMasked(grey_pix, expanded_mask, 255);
    pixDestroy(&expanded_mask);
  }
  return grey_pix;
}

main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
char        *infile, *outfile;
l_int32      d;
PIX         *pixs, *pixgr, *pixb;
static char  mainName[] = "showedges";

    if (argc != 3)
	exit(ERROR_INT(" Syntax: showedges infile outfile", mainName, 1));

    infile = argv[1];
    outfile = argv[2];

    pixs = pixRead(infile);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if (d != 8 && d != 32)
	exit(ERROR_INT("d not 8 or 32 bpp", mainName, 1));

    pixgr = pixHalfEdgeByBandpass(pixs, SMOOTH_WIDTH_1, SMOOTH_WIDTH_1,
                                        SMOOTH_WIDTH_2, SMOOTH_WIDTH_2);
    pixb = pixThresholdToBinary(pixgr, THRESHOLD);
    pixInvert(pixb, pixb);
/*    pixWrite("junkpixgr", pixgr, IFF_JFIF_JPEG); */
    pixWrite(outfile, pixb, IFF_PNG);

    return 0;
}

void
PixTestEqual(PIX     *pixs1,
             PIX     *pixs2,
             PIX     *pixm,
             l_int32  set,
             l_int32  connectivity)
{
l_int32  same;
PIX     *pixc11, *pixc12, *pixc21, *pixc22, *pixmi;

    pixmi = pixInvert(NULL, pixm);
    pixc11 = pixCopy(NULL, pixs1);
    pixc12 = pixCopy(NULL, pixs1);
    pixc21 = pixCopy(NULL, pixs2);
    pixc22 = pixCopy(NULL, pixs2);

        /* Test inverse seed filling */
    pixSeedfillGrayInv(pixc11, pixm, connectivity);
    pixSeedfillGrayInvSimple(pixc12, pixm, connectivity);
    pixEqual(pixc11, pixc12, &same);
    if (same)
        fprintf(stderr, "\nSuccess for inv set %d\n", set);
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "\nFailure for inv set %d\n", set);

        /* Test seed filling */
    pixSeedfillGray(pixc21, pixm, connectivity);
    pixSeedfillGraySimple(pixc22, pixm, connectivity);
    pixEqual(pixc21, pixc22, &same);
    if (same)
        fprintf(stderr, "Success for set %d\n", set);
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "Failure for set %d\n", set);

       /* Display the filling results */
/*    pixDisplay(pixc11, 220 * (set - 1), 100);
    pixDisplay(pixc21, 220 * (set - 1), 320); */

    pixDestroy(&pixmi);
    pixDestroy(&pixc11);
    pixDestroy(&pixc12);
    pixDestroy(&pixc21);
    pixDestroy(&pixc22);
    return;
}

jint Java_com_googlecode_leptonica_android_Morphology_nativeTophat(JNIEnv *env,
                                                                                 jclass clazz,
                                                                                 jint nativePix) {
	  LOGV("%s",__FUNCTION__);

  PIX *pixs = (PIX *) nativePix;
  if(pixs==0){
	  LOGI("pixs is 0");

  }


  PIX* pixsg = pixConvertRGBToLuminance(pixs);
  LOGI("luminance");
  if(pixsg==0){
	  LOGI("lumi error");

  }
  /* Black tophat (closing - original-image) and invert */
  PIX* pixg = pixTophat(pixsg, 15, 15, L_TOPHAT_BLACK);
  LOGI("tophat");
  if(pixg==0){
	  LOGI("tophat error");
  }
  pixInvert(pixg, pixg);
  LOGI("invert");
  if(pixg==0){
	  LOGI("invert error");
  }
 /* Set black point at 200, white point at 245. */
  PIX* pixd = pixGammaTRC(NULL, pixg, 1.0, 200, 245);
  LOGI("gamma");
  if(pixd==0){
	  LOGI("gamma error");

  }

  pixDestroy(&pixsg);
  pixDestroy(&pixg);

  return (jint) pixd;
}

main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
PIX         *pixs, *pixsg, *pixg, *pixd;
PIXA        *pixa;
static char  mainName[] = "livre_tophat";

    if (argc != 1)
	return ERROR_INT(" Syntax: livre_tophat", mainName, 1);

        /* Read the image in at 150 ppi. */
    if ((pixs = pixRead("brothers.150.jpg")) == NULL)
	return ERROR_INT("pix not made", mainName, 1);
    pixDisplayWrite(NULL, -1);
    pixDisplayWriteFormat(pixs, 2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);

    pixsg = pixConvertRGBToLuminance(pixs);

        /* Black tophat (closing - original-image) and invert */
    pixg = pixTophat(pixsg, 15, 15, L_TOPHAT_BLACK);
    pixInvert(pixg, pixg);
    pixDisplayWriteFormat(pixg, 2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);

        /* Set black point at 200, white point at 245. */
    pixd = pixGammaTRC(NULL, pixg, 1.0, 200, 245);
    pixDisplayWriteFormat(pixd, 2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    pixDestroy(&pixg);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Generate the output image */
    pixa = pixaReadFiles("/tmp", "junk_write_display");
    pixd = pixaDisplayTiledAndScaled(pixa, 8, 350, 3, 0, 25, 2);
    pixWrite("/tmp/tophat.jpg", pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG);
    pixDisplay(pixd, 0, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixsg);
    return 0;
}

// Creates and returns a Pix distorted by various means according to the bool
// flags. If boxes is not nullptr, the boxes are resized/positioned according to
// any spatial distortion and also by the integer reduction factor box_scale
// so they will match what the network will output.
// Returns nullptr on error. The returned Pix must be pixDestroyed.
Pix* PrepareDistortedPix(const Pix* pix, bool perspective, bool invert,
                         bool white_noise, bool smooth_noise, bool blur,
                         int box_reduction, TRand* randomizer,
                         GenericVector<TBOX>* boxes) {
  Pix* distorted = pixCopy(nullptr, const_cast<Pix*>(pix));
  // Things to do to synthetic training data.
  if (invert && randomizer->SignedRand(1.0) < 0)
    pixInvert(distorted, distorted);
  if ((white_noise || smooth_noise) && randomizer->SignedRand(1.0) > 0.0) {
    // TODO(rays) Cook noise in a more thread-safe manner than rand().
    // Attempt to make the sequences reproducible.
    srand(randomizer->IntRand());
    Pix* pixn = pixAddGaussianNoise(distorted, 8.0);
    pixDestroy(&distorted);
    if (smooth_noise) {
      distorted = pixBlockconv(pixn, 1, 1);
      pixDestroy(&pixn);
    } else {
      distorted = pixn;
    }
  }
  if (blur && randomizer->SignedRand(1.0) > 0.0) {
    Pix* blurred = pixBlockconv(distorted, 1, 1);
    pixDestroy(&distorted);
    distorted = blurred;
  }
  if (perspective)
    GeneratePerspectiveDistortion(0, 0, randomizer, &distorted, boxes);
  if (boxes != nullptr) {
    for (int b = 0; b < boxes->size(); ++b) {
      (*boxes)[b].scale(1.0f / box_reduction);
      if ((*boxes)[b].width() <= 0)
        (*boxes)[b].set_right((*boxes)[b].left() + 1);
    }
  }
  return distorted;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
                pquad->blue = pquad->green = pquad->red = val;
                pquad->alpha = 255;  /* opaque */
            }
        }
    }

#if DEBUG
    {l_uint8  *pcmptr;
        pcmptr = (l_uint8 *)pixGetColormap(pix)->array;
        fprintf(stderr, "Pix colormap[0] = %c%c%c%d\n",
            pcmptr[0], pcmptr[1], pcmptr[2], pcmptr[3]);
        fprintf(stderr, "Pix colormap[1] = %c%c%c%d\n",
            pcmptr[4], pcmptr[5], pcmptr[6], pcmptr[7]);
    }
#endif  /* DEBUG */

    offbytes = BMP_FHBYTES + BMP_IHBYTES + cmaplen;
    fsize = offbytes + fimagebytes;
    fdata = (l_uint8 *)LEPT_CALLOC(fsize, 1);
    *pfdata = fdata;
    *pfsize = fsize;

        /* Convert to little-endian and write the file header data */
    bmpfh = (BMP_FH *)fdata;
    bmpfh->bfType = convertOnBigEnd16(BMP_ID);
    bmpfh->bfSize = convertOnBigEnd16(fsize & 0x0000ffff);
    bmpfh->bfFill1 = convertOnBigEnd16((fsize >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);
    bmpfh->bfOffBits = convertOnBigEnd16(offbytes & 0x0000ffff);
    bmpfh->bfFill2 = convertOnBigEnd16((offbytes >> 16) & 0x0000ffff);

        /* Convert to little-endian and write the info header data */
    bmpih = (BMP_IH *)(fdata + BMP_FHBYTES);
    bmpih->biSize = convertOnBigEnd32(BMP_IHBYTES);
    bmpih->biWidth = convertOnBigEnd32(w);
    bmpih->biHeight = convertOnBigEnd32(h);
    bmpih->biPlanes = convertOnBigEnd16(1);
    bmpih->biBitCount = convertOnBigEnd16(fdepth);
    bmpih->biSizeImage = convertOnBigEnd32(fimagebytes);
    bmpih->biXPelsPerMeter = convertOnBigEnd32(xres);
    bmpih->biYPelsPerMeter = convertOnBigEnd32(yres);
    bmpih->biClrUsed = convertOnBigEnd32(ncolors);
    bmpih->biClrImportant = convertOnBigEnd32(ncolors);

        /* Copy the colormap data and free the cta if necessary */
    if (ncolors > 0) {
        memcpy(fdata + BMP_FHBYTES + BMP_IHBYTES, cta, cmaplen);
        if (heapcm) LEPT_FREE(cta);
    }

        /* When you write a binary image with a colormap
         * that sets BLACK to 0, you must invert the data */
    if (fdepth == 1 && cmap && ((l_uint8 *)(cmap->array))[0] == 0x0) {
        pixInvert(pix, pix);
    }

        /* An endian byte swap is also required */
    pixEndianByteSwap(pix);

        /* Transfer the image data.  Image origin for bmp is at lower right. */
    fmdata = fdata + offbytes;
    if (fdepth != 24) {   /* typ 1 or 8 bpp */
        data = (l_uint8 *)pixGetData(pix) + pixBpl * (h - 1);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            memcpy(fmdata, data, fBpl);
            data -= pixBpl;
            fmdata += fBpl;
        }
    } else {  /* 32 bpp pix; 24 bpp file
             * See the comments in pixReadStreamBmp() to
             * understand the logic behind the pixel ordering below.
             * Note that we have again done an endian swap on
             * little endian machines before arriving here, so that
             * the bytes are ordered on both platforms as:
                        Red         Green        Blue         --
                    |-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|
             */
        extrabytes = fBpl - 3 * w;
        line = pixGetData(pix) + pixWpl * (h - 1);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
                pword = line + j;
                pel[2] = *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_RED);
                pel[1] = *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_GREEN);
                pel[0] = *((l_uint8 *)pword + COLOR_BLUE);
                memcpy(fmdata, &pel, 3);
                fmdata += 3;
            }
            if (extrabytes) {
                for (k = 0; k < extrabytes; k++) {
                    memcpy(fmdata, &pel, 1);
                    fmdata++;
                }
            }
            line -= pixWpl;
        }
    }

    pixDestroy(&pix);
    return 0;
}

static void
TestDistance(PIXA         *pixa,
             PIX          *pixs,
             l_int32       conn,
             l_int32       depth,
             l_int32       bc,
             l_int32      *pcount,
             L_REGPARAMS  *rp)
{
PIX  *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixt4, *pixt5;

        /* Test the distance function and display */
    pixInvert(pixs, pixs);
    pixt1 = pixDistanceFunction(pixs, conn, depth, bc);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt1, IFF_PNG, pcount, rp);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, 1, 1, 20, 0);
    pixInvert(pixs, pixs);
    pixt2 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt1, L_LOG_SCALE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG, pcount, rp);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);

	/* Test the distance function and display with contour rendering */
    pixInvert(pixs, pixs);
    pixt1 = pixDistanceFunction(pixs, conn, depth, bc);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt1, IFF_PNG, pcount, rp);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt1, pixa, 1, 1, 20, 0);
    pixInvert(pixs, pixs);
    pixt2 = pixRenderContours(pixt1, 2, 4, 1);  /* binary output */
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt2, IFF_PNG, pcount, rp);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 0);
    pixt3 = pixRenderContours(pixt1, 2, 4, depth);
    pixt4 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt3, L_LINEAR_SCALE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt4, IFF_JFIF_JPEG, pcount, rp);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt4, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 0);
    pixt5 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt3, L_LOG_SCALE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt5, IFF_JFIF_JPEG, pcount, rp);
    pixSaveTiled(pixt5, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 0);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt3);
    pixDestroy(&pixt4);
    pixDestroy(&pixt5);

	/* Label all pixels in each c.c. with a color equal to the
         * max distance of any pixel within that c.c. from the bg.
         * Note that we've normalized so the dynamic range extends
         * to 255.  For the image here, each unit of distance is
         * represented by about 21 grayscale units.  The largest
         * distance is 12.  */
    if (depth == 8) {
        pixt1 = pixDistanceFunction(pixs, conn, depth, bc);
        pixt4 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt1, L_LOG_SCALE);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt4, IFF_JFIF_JPEG, pcount, rp);
        pixSaveTiled(pixt4, pixa, 1, 1, 20, 0);
        pixt2 = pixCreateTemplate(pixt1);
        pixSetMasked(pixt2, pixs, 255);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG, pcount, rp);
        pixSaveTiled(pixt2, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 0);
        pixSeedfillGray(pixt1, pixt2, 4);
        pixt3 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt1, L_LINEAR_SCALE);
        regTestWritePixAndCheck(pixt3, IFF_JFIF_JPEG, pcount, rp);
        pixSaveTiled(pixt3, pixa, 1, 0, 20, 0);
        pixDestroy(&pixt1);
        pixDestroy(&pixt2);
        pixDestroy(&pixt3);
        pixDestroy(&pixt4);
    }

    return;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
    if (colordiff < 0) colordiff = 40;

        /* Check if pixm covers most of the image.  If so, just return. */
    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
    if (pixm) {
        pixCountPixels(pixm, &count, NULL);
        ratio = (l_float32)count / ((l_float32)(w) * h);
        if (ratio > 0.7) {
            if (pixadb) L_INFO("pixm has big fg: %f5.2\n", procName, ratio);
            return 0;
        }
    }

        /* Make a mask pixm1 over the dark pixels in the image:
         * convert to gray using the average of the components;
         * threshold using %darkthresh; do a small dilation;
         * combine with pixm. */
    pix1 = pixConvertRGBToGray(pixs, 0.33, 0.34, 0.33);
    if (pixadb) pixaAddPix(pixadb, pixs, L_COPY);
    if (pixadb) pixaAddPix(pixadb, pix1, L_COPY);
    pixm1 = pixThresholdToBinary(pix1, darkthresh);
    pixDilateBrick(pixm1, pixm1, 7, 7);
    if (pixadb) pixaAddPix(pixadb, pixm1, L_COPY);
    if (pixm) {
        pixOr(pixm1, pixm1, pixm);
        if (pixadb) pixaAddPix(pixadb, pixm1, L_COPY);
    }
    pixDestroy(&pix1);

        /* Convert to gray using the minimum component value and
         * find the gray value at rank 0.95, that represents the light
         * pixels in the image.  If it is too dark, quit. */
    pix1 = pixConvertRGBToGrayMinMax(pixs, L_SELECT_MIN);
    pix2 = pixInvert(NULL, pixm1);  /* pixels that are not dark */
    pixGetRankValueMasked(pix1, pix2, 0, 0, factor, 0.95, &val95, &nah);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    if (pixadb) {
        L_INFO("val at 0.95 rank = %5.1f\n", procName, val95);
        gplotSimple1(nah, GPLOT_PNG, "/tmp/lept/histo1", "gray histo");
        pix3 = pixRead("/tmp/lept/histo1.png");
        pix4 = pixExpandReplicate(pix3, 2);
        pixaAddPix(pixadb, pix4, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pix3);
    }
    lightbg = (l_int32)val95 >= lightthresh;
    numaDestroy(&nah);
    if (!lightbg) {
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
        pixDestroy(&pixm1);
        return 0;
    }

        /* Make mask pixm2 over pixels that are darker than val95 - mindiff. */
    pixm2 = pixThresholdToBinary(pix1, val95 - mindiff);
    if (pixadb) pixaAddPix(pixadb, pixm2, L_COPY);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);

        /* Make a mask pixm3 over pixels that have some color saturation,
         * with a (max - min) component difference >= %colordiff,
         * and combine using AND with pixm2. */
    pix2 = pixConvertRGBToGrayMinMax(pixs, L_CHOOSE_MAXDIFF);
    pixm3 = pixThresholdToBinary(pix2, colordiff);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixInvert(pixm3, pixm3);  /* need pixels above threshold */
    if (pixadb) pixaAddPix(pixadb, pixm3, L_COPY);
    pixAnd(pixm2, pixm2, pixm3);

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
        cmap = pixcmapCreate(d);  /* spp == 1 */
        for (cindex = 0; cindex < num_palette; cindex++) {
            rval = palette[cindex].red;
            gval = palette[cindex].green;
            bval = palette[cindex].blue;
            pixcmapAddColor(cmap, rval, gval, bval);
        }
    }
    else
        cmap = NULL;

    if ((pix = pixCreate(w, h, d)) == NULL) {
        png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, &end_info);
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pix not made", procName, NULL);
    }
    wpl = pixGetWpl(pix);
    data = pixGetData(pix);
    pixSetColormap(pix, cmap);

    if (spp == 1) {   /* copy straight from buffer to pix */
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            line = data + i * wpl;
            rowptr = row_pointers[i];
            for (j = 0; j < rowbytes; j++) {
                SET_DATA_BYTE(line, j, rowptr[j]);
            }
        }
    }
    else  {   /* spp == 3 or spp == 4 */
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            ppixel = data + i * wpl;
            rowptr = row_pointers[i];
            for (j = k = 0; j < w; j++) {
                SET_DATA_BYTE(ppixel, COLOR_RED, rowptr[k++]);
                SET_DATA_BYTE(ppixel, COLOR_GREEN, rowptr[k++]);
                SET_DATA_BYTE(ppixel, COLOR_BLUE, rowptr[k++]);
                if (spp == 4)
                    SET_DATA_BYTE(ppixel, L_ALPHA_CHANNEL, rowptr[k++]);
                ppixel++;
            }
        }
    }

#if  DEBUG
    if (cmap) {
        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
            fprintf(stderr, "[%d] = %d\n", i,
                   ((l_uint8 *)(cmap->array))[i]);
        }
    }
#endif  /* DEBUG */

        /* If there is no colormap, PNG defines black = 0 and
         * white = 1 by default for binary monochrome.  Therefore,
         * since we use the opposite definition, we must invert
         * the image colors in either of these cases:
         *    (i) there is no colormap (default)
         *    (ii) there is a colormap which defines black to
         *         be 0 and white to be 1.
         * We cannot use the PNG_TRANSFORM_INVERT_MONO flag
         * because that flag (since version 1.0.9) inverts 8 bpp
         * grayscale as well, which we don't want to do.
         * (It also doesn't work if there is a colormap.)
         * If there is a colormap that defines black = 1 and
         * white = 0, we don't need to do anything.
         *
         * How do we check the polarity of the colormap?
         * The colormap determines the values of black and
         * white pixels in the following way:
         *     if black = 1 (255), white = 0
         *          255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
         *     if black = 0, white = 1 (255)
         *          0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0
         * So we test the first byte to see if it is 0;
         * if so, invert the colors.
         *
         * If there is a colormap, after inverting the pixels it is
         * necessary to destroy the colormap.  Otherwise, if someone were
         * to call pixRemoveColormap(), this would cause the pixel
         * values to be inverted again!
         */
    if (d == 1 && (!cmap || (cmap && ((l_uint8 *)(cmap->array))[0] == 0x0))) {
/*        fprintf(stderr, "Inverting binary data on png read\n"); */
        pixInvert(pix, pix);
        pixDestroyColormap(pix);
    }

    xres = png_get_x_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr, info_ptr);
    yres = png_get_y_pixels_per_meter(png_ptr, info_ptr);
    pixSetXRes(pix, (l_int32)((l_float32)xres / 39.37 + 0.5));  /* to ppi */
    pixSetYRes(pix, (l_int32)((l_float32)yres / 39.37 + 0.5));  /* to ppi */

        /* Get the text if there is any */
    png_get_text(png_ptr, info_ptr, &text_ptr, &num_text);
    if (num_text && text_ptr)
        pixSetText(pix, text_ptr->text);

    png_destroy_read_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr, &end_info);
    return pix;
}

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
char          dilateseq[512], erodeseq[512];
char          openseq[512], closeseq[512];
char          wtophatseq[512], btophatseq[512];
l_int32       w, h;
PIX          *pixs, *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4, *pix5;
PIXA         *pixa;
PIXACC       *pacc;
PIXCMAP      *cmap;
L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    pixs = pixRead("aneurisms8.jpg");
    pixa = pixaCreate(0);

    /* =========================================================== */

    /* -------- Test gray morph, including interpreter ------------ */
    pix1 = pixDilateGray(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    sprintf(dilateseq, "D%d.%d", WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixGrayMorphSequence(pixs, dilateseq, 0, 0);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 0 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix2);  /* 1 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

    pix1 = pixErodeGray(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    sprintf(erodeseq, "E%d.%d", WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixGrayMorphSequence(pixs, erodeseq, 0, 100);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 2 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix2);  /* 3 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

    pix1 = pixOpenGray(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    sprintf(openseq, "O%d.%d", WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixGrayMorphSequence(pixs, openseq, 0, 200);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 4 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix2);  /* 5 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

    pix1 = pixCloseGray(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    sprintf(closeseq, "C%d.%d", WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixGrayMorphSequence(pixs, closeseq, 0, 300);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 6 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix2);  /* 7 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

    pix1 = pixTophat(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE, L_TOPHAT_WHITE);
    sprintf(wtophatseq, "Tw%d.%d", WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixGrayMorphSequence(pixs, wtophatseq, 0, 400);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 8 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix2);  /* 9 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

    pix1 = pixTophat(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE, L_TOPHAT_BLACK);
    sprintf(btophatseq, "Tb%d.%d", WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixGrayMorphSequence(pixs, btophatseq, 0, 500);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 10 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix2);  /* 11 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

    /* ------------- Test erode/dilate duality -------------- */
    pix1 = pixDilateGray(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixInvert(NULL, pixs);
    pix3 = pixErodeGray(pix2, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pixInvert(pix3, pix3);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 12 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix3);  /* 13 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

    /* ------------- Test open/close duality -------------- */
    pix1 = pixOpenGray(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pix2 = pixInvert(NULL, pixs);
    pix3 = pixCloseGray(pix2, WSIZE, HSIZE);
    pixInvert(pix3, pix3);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 14 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix3);  /* 15 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

    /* ------------- Test tophat duality -------------- */
    pix1 = pixTophat(pixs, WSIZE, HSIZE, L_TOPHAT_WHITE);
    pix2 = pixInvert(NULL, pixs);
    pix3 = pixTophat(pix2, WSIZE, HSIZE, L_TOPHAT_BLACK);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix1, IFF_PNG);  /* 16 */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pix1, pix3);  /* 17 */
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_INSERT);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
{
l_int32    ws, hs, w, h, x, y, i, j, thresh;
l_uint32   val;
PIX       *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixfg, *pixbg;
SEL       *seld, *sel;

    PROCNAME("pixGenerateSelRandom");

    if (ppixe) *ppixe = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (hitfract <= 0.0 && missfract <= 0.0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("no hits or misses", procName, NULL);
    if (hitfract > 1.0 || missfract > 1.0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("fraction can't be > 1.0", procName, NULL);

    if (distance <= 0)
        distance = DEFAULT_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY;
    if (distance > MAX_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY) {
        L_WARNING("distance too large; setting to max value", procName);
        distance = MAX_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY;
    }

        /* Locate the foreground */
    pixClipToForeground(pixs, &pixt1, NULL);
    if (!pixt1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    ws = pixGetWidth(pixt1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pixt1);
    w = ws;
    h = hs;

        /* Crop out a region including the foreground, and add pixels
         * on sides depending on the side flags */
    if (toppix || botpix || leftpix || rightpix) {
        x = y = 0;
        if (toppix) {
            h += toppix;
            y = toppix;
        }
        if (botpix)
            h += botpix;
        if (leftpix) {
            w += leftpix;
            x = leftpix;
        }
        if (rightpix)
            w += rightpix;
        pixt2 = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
        pixRasterop(pixt2, x, y, ws, hs, PIX_SRC, pixt1, 0, 0);
    }
    else
        pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1);
    if (ppixe)
        *ppixe = pixClone(pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);

        /* Identify fg and bg pixels that are at least 'distance' pixels
         * away from the boundary pixels in their set */
    seld = selCreateBrick(2 * distance + 1, 2 * distance + 1,
                          distance, distance, SEL_HIT);
    pixfg = pixErode(NULL, pixt2, seld);
    pixbg = pixDilate(NULL, pixt2, seld);
    pixInvert(pixbg, pixbg);
    selDestroy(&seld);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);

        /* Generate the sel from a random selection of these points */
    sel = selCreateBrick(h, w, h / 2, w / 2, SEL_DONT_CARE);
    if (hitfract > 0.0) {
        thresh = (l_int32)(hitfract * (l_float64)RAND_MAX);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
                pixGetPixel(pixfg, j, i, &val);
                if (val) {
                    if (rand() < thresh)
                        selSetElement(sel, i, j, SEL_HIT);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (missfract > 0.0) {
        thresh = (l_int32)(missfract * (l_float64)RAND_MAX);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
                pixGetPixel(pixbg, j, i, &val);
                if (val) {
                    if (rand() < thresh)
                        selSetElement(sel, i, j, SEL_MISS);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pixDestroy(&pixfg);
    pixDestroy(&pixbg);
    return sel;
}

l_int32
DoPageSegmentation(PIX     *pixs,   /* should be at least 300 ppi */
                   l_int32  which)  /* 1, 2, 3, 4 */
{
char         buf[256];
l_int32      zero;
BOXA        *boxatm, *boxahm;
PIX         *pixr;   /* image reduced to 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixhs;  /* image of halftone seed, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixm;   /* image of mask of components, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixhm1; /* image of halftone mask, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixhm2; /* image of halftone mask, 300 ppi */
PIX         *pixht;  /* image of halftone components, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixnht; /* image without halftone components, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixi;   /* inverted image, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixvws; /* image of vertical whitespace, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixm1;  /* image of closed textlines, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixm2;  /* image of refined text line mask, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixm3;  /* image of refined text line mask, 300 ppi */
PIX         *pixb1;  /* image of text block mask, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pixb2;  /* image of text block mask, 300 ppi */
PIX         *pixnon; /* image of non-text or halftone, 150 ppi */
PIX         *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix4;
PIXA        *pixa;
PIXCMAP     *cmap;
PTAA        *ptaa;
l_int32      ht_flag = 0;
l_int32      ws_flag = 0;
l_int32      text_flag = 0;
l_int32      block_flag = 0;

    PROCNAME("DoPageSegmentation");

    if (which == 1)
        ht_flag = 1;
    else if (which == 2)
        ws_flag = 1;
    else if (which == 3)
        text_flag = 1;
    else if (which == 4)
        block_flag = 1;
    else
        return ERROR_INT("invalid parameter: not in [1...4]", procName, 1);

    pixa = pixaCreate(0);
    lept_mkdir("lept/livre");

        /* Reduce to 150 ppi */
    pix1 = pixScaleToGray2(pixs);
    if (ws_flag || ht_flag || block_flag) pixaAddPix(pixa, pix1, L_COPY);
    if (which == 1)
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/livre/orig.gray.150.png", pix1, IFF_PNG);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixr = pixReduceRankBinaryCascade(pixs, 1, 0, 0, 0);

        /* Get seed for halftone parts */
    pix1 = pixReduceRankBinaryCascade(pixr, 4, 4, 3, 0);
    pix2 = pixOpenBrick(NULL, pix1, 5, 5);
    pixhs = pixExpandBinaryPower2(pix2, 8);
    if (ht_flag) pixaAddPix(pixa, pixhs, L_COPY);
    if (which == 1)
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/livre/htseed.150.png", pixhs, IFF_PNG);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);

        /* Get mask for connected regions */
    pixm = pixCloseSafeBrick(NULL, pixr, 4, 4);
    if (ht_flag) pixaAddPix(pixa, pixm, L_COPY);
    if (which == 1)
        pixWrite("/tmp/lept/livre/ccmask.150.png", pixm, IFF_PNG);

        /* Fill seed into mask to get halftone mask */
    pixhm1 = pixSeedfillBinary(NULL, pixhs, pixm, 4);
    if (ht_flag) pixaAddPix(pixa, pixhm1, L_COPY);
    if (which == 1) pixWrite("/tmp/lept/livre/htmask.150.png", pixhm1, IFF_PNG);
    pixhm2 = pixExpandBinaryPower2(pixhm1, 2);

        /* Extract halftone stuff */
    pixht = pixAnd(NULL, pixhm1, pixr);
    if (which == 1) pixWrite("/tmp/lept/livre/ht.150.png", pixht, IFF_PNG);

        /* Extract non-halftone stuff */
    pixnht = pixXor(NULL, pixht, pixr);
    if (text_flag) pixaAddPix(pixa, pixnht, L_COPY);
    if (which == 1) pixWrite("/tmp/lept/livre/text.150.png", pixnht, IFF_PNG);
    pixZero(pixht, &zero);
    if (zero)
        fprintf(stderr, "No halftone parts found\n");
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "Halftone parts found\n");

        /* Get bit-inverted image */
    pixi = pixInvert(NULL, pixnht);
    if (ws_flag) pixaAddPix(pixa, pixi, L_COPY);
    if (which == 1) pixWrite("/tmp/lept/livre/invert.150.png", pixi, IFF_PNG);

        /* The whitespace mask will break textlines where there
         * is a large amount of white space below or above.
         * We can prevent this by identifying regions of the
         * inverted image that have large horizontal (bigger than
//.........这里部分代码省略.........