C++ pixGetHeight函数代码示例

int main_find_pattern(int    argc,
	char **argv)
{
	char        *filein, *fileout, *patternfile;
	l_int32      w, h, i, n;
	BOX         *box, *boxe;
	BOXA        *boxa1, *boxa2;
	PIX         *pixs, *pixp, *pixpe;
	PIX         *pixd, *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixhmt;
	SEL         *sel_2h, *sel;
	static char  mainName[] = "findpattern1";

	filein = "feyn.tif";
	patternfile = "char.tif";
	fileout = "result.findpattern1";

	if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
		printf("pixs not made\n");
	if ((pixp = pixRead(patternfile)) == NULL)
		printf("pixp not made\n");
	w = pixGetWidth(pixp);
	h = pixGetHeight(pixp);

	/* generate the hit-miss Sel with runs */
	sel = pixGenerateSelWithRuns(pixp, NumHorLines, NumVertLines, 0,
		MinRunlength, 7, 7, 0, 0, &pixpe);

	/* display the Sel two ways */
	selWriteStream(stderr, sel);
	pixt1 = pixDisplayHitMissSel(pixpe, sel, 9, HitColor, MissColor);
	pixDisplay(pixt1, 200, 200);
	pixWrite("junkpixt", pixt1, IFF_PNG);

	/* use the Sel to find all instances in the page */
	startTimer();
	pixhmt = pixHMT(NULL, pixs, sel);
	fprintf(stderr, "Time to find patterns = %7.3f\n", stopTimer());

	/* small erosion to remove noise; typically not necessary if
	* there are enough elements in the Sel */
	sel_2h = selCreateBrick(1, 2, 0, 0, SEL_HIT);
	pixt2 = pixErode(NULL, pixhmt, sel_2h);

	/* display the result visually by placing the Sel at each
	* location found */
	pixd = pixDilate(NULL, pixt2, sel);
	pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_TIFF_G4);

	/* display outut with an outline around each located pattern */
	boxa1 = pixConnCompBB(pixt2, 8);
	n = boxaGetCount(boxa1);
	boxa2 = boxaCreate(n);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		box = boxaGetBox(boxa1, i, L_COPY);
		boxe = boxCreate(box->x - w / 2, box->y - h / 2, w + 4, h + 4);
		boxaAddBox(boxa2, boxe, L_INSERT);
		pixRenderBox(pixs, boxe, 4, L_FLIP_PIXELS);
		boxDestroy(&box);
	}
	pixWrite("junkoutline", pixs, IFF_TIFF_G4);
	//boxaWriteStream(stderr, boxa2); //TODO ???

	pixDestroy(&pixs);
	pixDestroy(&pixp);
	pixDestroy(&pixpe);
	pixDestroy(&pixt1);
	pixDestroy(&pixt2);
	pixDestroy(&pixhmt);
	pixDestroy(&pixd);
	selDestroy(&sel);
	selDestroy(&sel_2h);
	boxaDestroy(&boxa1);
	boxaDestroy(&boxa2);

	printf("\n---\nEND\n");
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
    /* --------- hdome with parameter height = 100 ------------*/
    pixd = pixHDome(pixs, 100, 4);
    pixd2 = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixd, L_LINEAR_SCALE);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd2, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd2);

    /* ----- Contrast enhancement with morph parameters 9, 9 -------*/
    pixd1 = pixInitAccumulate(w, h, 0x8000);
    pixAccumulate(pixd1, pixs, L_ARITH_ADD);
    pixMultConstAccumulate(pixd1, 3., 0x8000); 
    pixd2 = pixOpenGray(pixs, 9, 9);
    pixAccumulate(pixd1, pixd2, L_ARITH_SUBTRACT);
    pixDestroy(&pixd2);
    pixd2 = pixCloseGray(pixs, 9, 9);
    pixAccumulate(pixd1, pixd2, L_ARITH_SUBTRACT);
    pixDestroy(&pixd2);
    pixd = pixFinalAccumulate(pixd1, 0x8000, 8);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd1);

        /* Do the same thing with the Pixacc */
    pacc = pixaccCreate(w, h, 1);
    pixaccAdd(pacc, pixs);
    pixaccMultConst(pacc, 3.);
    pixd1 = pixOpenGray(pixs, 9, 9);
    pixaccSubtract(pacc, pixd1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd1);
    pixd1 = pixCloseGray(pixs, 9, 9);
    pixaccSubtract(pacc, pixd1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd1);
    pixd2 = pixaccFinal(pacc, 8);
    pixaccDestroy(&pacc);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd2, 1);

    pixCompare(pixd, pixd2, "Correct: same", "Wrong: different");
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    pixDestroy(&pixd2);


    /* ----  Tophat result on feynman stamp, to extract diagrams ----- */
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixs = pixRead("feynman-stamp.jpg");

        /* Make output image to hold five intermediate images */
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    pixd = pixCreate(5 * w + 18, h + 6, 32);  /* composite output image */
    pixSetAllArbitrary(pixd, 0x0000ff00);  /* set to blue */

        /* Paste in the input image */
    pixt = pixRemoveColormap(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_TO_FULL_COLOR);
    pixRasterop(pixd, 3, 3, w, h, PIX_SRC, pixt, 0, 0);  /* 1st one */
/*    pixWrite("/tmp/junkgray.jpg", pixt, IFF_JFIF_JPEG); */
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

        /* Paste in the grayscale version */
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pixs);
    if (cmap)
	pixt = pixRemoveColormap(pixs, REMOVE_CMAP_TO_GRAYSCALE);
    else
        pixt = pixConvertRGBToGray(pixs, 0.33, 0.34, 0.33);
    pixt2 = pixConvertTo32(pixt);  /* 8 --> 32 bpp */
    pixRasterop(pixd, w + 6, 3, w, h, PIX_SRC, pixt2, 0, 0);  /* 2nd one */
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);

         /* Paste in a log dynamic range scaled version of the white tophat */
    pixt2 = pixTophat(pixt, 3, 3, L_TOPHAT_WHITE);
    pixt3a = pixMaxDynamicRange(pixt2, L_LOG_SCALE);
    pixt3 = pixConvertTo32(pixt3a);
    pixRasterop(pixd, 2 * w + 9, 3, w, h, PIX_SRC, pixt3, 0, 0);  /* 3rd */
/*    pixWrite("/tmp/junktophat.jpg", pixt2, IFF_JFIF_JPEG); */
    pixDestroy(&pixt3);
    pixDestroy(&pixt3a);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

        /* Stretch the range and threshold to binary; paste it in */
    pixt3a = pixGammaTRC(NULL, pixt2, 1.0, 0, 80);
    pixt3 = pixThresholdToBinary(pixt3a, 70);
    pixt4 = pixConvertTo32(pixt3);
    pixRasterop(pixd, 3 * w + 12, 3, w, h, PIX_SRC, pixt4, 0, 0);  /* 4th */
/*    pixWrite("/tmp/junkbin.png", pixt3, IFF_PNG); */
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt3a);
    pixDestroy(&pixt4);

        /* Invert; this is the final result */
    pixInvert(pixt3, pixt3);
    pixt4 = pixConvertTo32(pixt3);
    pixRasterop(pixd, 4 * w + 15, 3, w, h, PIX_SRC, pixt4, 0, 0);  /* 5th */
    pixWrite("/tmp/junkbininvert.png", pixt3, IFF_PNG);
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
/*    pixWrite("/tmp/junkall.jpg", pixd, IFF_JFIF_JPEG); */
    pixDestroy(&pixt3);
    pixDestroy(&pixt4);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

    pixDisplayMultiple("/tmp/junk_write_display*");
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return 0;
}

/*!
 * \brief   pixConnCompPixa()
 *
 * \param[in]    pixs 1 bpp
 * \param[out]   ppixa pixa of each c.c.
 * \param[in]    connectivity 4 or 8
 * \return  boxa, or NULL on error
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) This finds bounding boxes of 4- or 8-connected components
 *          in a binary image, and saves images of each c.c
 *          in a pixa array.
 *      (2) It sets up 2 temporary pix, and for each c.c. that is
 *          located in raster order, it erases the c.c. from one pix,
 *          then uses the b.b. to extract the c.c. from the two pix using
 *          an XOR, and finally erases the c.c. from the second pix.
 *      (3) A clone of the returned boxa (where all boxes in the array
 *          are clones) is inserted into the pixa.
 *      (4) If the input is valid, this always returns a boxa and a pixa.
 *          If pixs is empty, the boxa and pixa will be empty.
 * </pre>
 */
BOXA *
pixConnCompPixa(PIX     *pixs,
                PIXA   **ppixa,
                l_int32  connectivity)
{
l_int32   h, iszero;
l_int32   x, y, xstart, ystart;
PIX      *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixt4;
PIXA     *pixa;
BOX      *box;
BOXA     *boxa;
L_STACK  *stack, *auxstack;

    PROCNAME("pixConnCompPixa");

    if (!ppixa)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("&pixa not defined", procName, NULL);
    *ppixa = NULL;
    if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs undefined or not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (connectivity != 4 && connectivity != 8)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("connectivity not 4 or 8", procName, NULL);

    pixa = pixaCreate(0);
    *ppixa = pixa;
    pixZero(pixs, &iszero);
    if (iszero)
        return boxaCreate(1);  /* return empty boxa */

    if ((pixt1 = pixCopy(NULL, pixs)) == NULL)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    if ((pixt2 = pixCopy(NULL, pixs)) == NULL)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("pixt2 not made", procName, NULL);

    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    if ((stack = lstackCreate(h)) == NULL)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("stack not made", procName, NULL);
    if ((auxstack = lstackCreate(0)) == NULL)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("auxstack not made", procName, NULL);
    stack->auxstack = auxstack;
    if ((boxa = boxaCreate(0)) == NULL)
        return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("boxa not made", procName, NULL);

    xstart = 0;
    ystart = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        if (!nextOnPixelInRaster(pixt1, xstart, ystart, &x, &y))
            break;

        if ((box = pixSeedfillBB(pixt1, stack, x, y, connectivity)) == NULL)
            return (BOXA *)ERROR_PTR("box not made", procName, NULL);
        boxaAddBox(boxa, box, L_INSERT);

            /* Save the c.c. and remove from pixt2 as well */
        pixt3 = pixClipRectangle(pixt1, box, NULL);
        pixt4 = pixClipRectangle(pixt2, box, NULL);
        pixXor(pixt3, pixt3, pixt4);
        pixRasterop(pixt2, box->x, box->y, box->w, box->h, PIX_SRC ^ PIX_DST,
                    pixt3, 0, 0);
        pixaAddPix(pixa, pixt3, L_INSERT);
        pixDestroy(&pixt4);

        xstart = x;
        ystart = y;
    }

#if  DEBUG
    pixCountPixels(pixt1, &iszero, NULL);
    fprintf(stderr, "Number of remaining pixels = %d\n", iszero);
    pixWrite("junkremain", pixt1, IFF_PNG);
#endif  /* DEBUG */

        /* Remove old boxa of pixa and replace with a clone copy */
    boxaDestroy(&pixa->boxa);
    pixa->boxa = boxaCopy(boxa, L_CLONE);

//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixGenerateSelBoundary()
 *
 *      Input:  pix (1 bpp, typically small, to be used as a pattern)
 *              hitdist (min distance from fg boundary pixel)
 *              missdist (min distance from bg boundary pixel)
 *              hitskip (number of boundary pixels skipped between hits)
 *              missskip (number of boundary pixels skipped between misses)
 *              topflag (flag for extra pixels of bg added above)
 *              botflag (flag for extra pixels of bg added below)
 *              leftflag (flag for extra pixels of bg added to left)
 *              rightflag (flag for extra pixels of bg added to right)
 *              &pixe (<optional return> input pix expanded by extra pixels)
 *      Return: sel (hit-miss for input pattern), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *    (1) All fg elements selected are exactly hitdist pixels away from
 *        the nearest fg boundary pixel, and ditto for bg elements.
 *        Valid inputs of hitdist and missdist are 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
 *        For example, a hitdist of 0 puts the hits at the fg boundary.
 *        Usually, the distances should be > 0 avoid the effect of
 *        noise at the boundary.
 *    (2) Set hitskip < 0 if no hits are to be used.  Ditto for missskip.
 *        If both hitskip and missskip are < 0, the sel would be empty,
 *        and NULL is returned.
 *    (3) The 4 flags determine whether the sel is increased on that side
 *        to allow bg misses to be placed all along that boundary.
 *        The increase in sel size on that side is the minimum necessary
 *        to allow the misses to be placed at mindist.  For text characters,
 *        the topflag and botflag are typically set to 1, and the leftflag
 *        and rightflag to 0.
 *    (4) The input pix, as extended by the extra pixels on selected sides,
 *        can optionally be returned.  For debugging, call
 *        pixDisplayHitMissSel() to visualize the hit-miss sel superimposed
 *        on the generating bitmap.
 *    (5) This is probably the best of the three sel generators, in the
 *        sense that you have the most flexibility with the smallest number
 *        of hits and misses.
 */
SEL *
pixGenerateSelBoundary(PIX     *pixs,
                       l_int32  hitdist,
                       l_int32  missdist,
                       l_int32  hitskip,
                       l_int32  missskip,
                       l_int32  topflag,
                       l_int32  botflag,
                       l_int32  leftflag,
                       l_int32  rightflag,
                       PIX      **ppixe)
{
l_int32  ws, hs, w, h, x, y, ix, iy, i, npt;
PIX     *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixfg, *pixbg;
SEL     *selh, *selm, *sel_3, *sel;
PTA     *ptah, *ptam;

    PROCNAME("pixGenerateSelBoundary");

    if (ppixe) *ppixe = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (hitdist < 0 || hitdist > 4 || missdist < 0 || missdist > 4)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("dist not in {0 .. 4}", procName, NULL);
    if (hitskip < 0 && missskip < 0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("no hits or misses", procName, NULL);

        /* Locate the foreground */
    pixClipToForeground(pixs, &pixt1, NULL);
    if (!pixt1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    ws = pixGetWidth(pixt1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pixt1);
    w = ws;
    h = hs;

        /* Crop out a region including the foreground, and add pixels
         * on sides depending on the side flags */
    if (topflag || botflag || leftflag || rightflag) {
        x = y = 0;
        if (topflag) {
            h += missdist + 1;
            y = missdist + 1;
        }
        if (botflag)
            h += missdist + 1;
        if (leftflag) {
            w += missdist + 1;
            x = missdist + 1;
        }
        if (rightflag)
            w += missdist + 1;
        pixt2 = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
        pixRasterop(pixt2, x, y, ws, hs, PIX_SRC, pixt1, 0, 0);
    }
    else {
        pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1);
    }
    if (ppixe)
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// Adds sub-pixel resolution EdgeOffsets for the outline if the supplied
// pix is 8-bit. Does nothing otherwise.
// Operation: Consider the following near-horizontal line:
// _________
//          |________
//                   |________
// At *every* position along this line, the gradient direction will be close
// to vertical. Extrapoaltion/interpolation of the position of the threshold
// that was used to binarize the image gives a more precise vertical position
// for each horizontal step, and the conflict in step direction and gradient
// direction can be used to ignore the vertical steps.
void C_OUTLINE::ComputeEdgeOffsets(int threshold, Pix* pix) {
  if (pixGetDepth(pix) != 8) return;
  const l_uint32* data = pixGetData(pix);
  int wpl = pixGetWpl(pix);
  int width = pixGetWidth(pix);
  int height = pixGetHeight(pix);
  bool negative = flag(COUT_INVERSE);
  delete [] offsets;
  offsets = new EdgeOffset[stepcount];
  ICOORD pos = start;
  ICOORD prev_gradient;
  ComputeGradient(data, wpl, pos.x(), height - pos.y(), width, height,
                  &prev_gradient);
  for (int s = 0; s < stepcount; ++s) {
    ICOORD step_vec = step(s);
    TPOINT pt1(pos);
    pos += step_vec;
    TPOINT pt2(pos);
    ICOORD next_gradient;
    ComputeGradient(data, wpl, pos.x(), height - pos.y(), width, height,
                    &next_gradient);
    // Use the sum of the prev and next as the working gradient.
    ICOORD gradient = prev_gradient + next_gradient;
    // best_diff will be manipulated to be always positive.
    int best_diff = 0;
    // offset will be the extrapolation of the location of the greyscale
    // threshold from the edge with the largest difference, relative to the
    // location of the binary edge.
    int offset = 0;
    if (pt1.y == pt2.y && abs(gradient.y()) * 2 >= abs(gradient.x())) {
      // Horizontal step. diff_sign == 1 indicates black above.
      int diff_sign = (pt1.x > pt2.x) == negative ? 1 : -1;
      int x = MIN(pt1.x, pt2.x);
      int y = height - pt1.y;
      int best_sum = 0;
      int best_y = y;
      EvaluateVerticalDiff(data, wpl, diff_sign, x, y, height,
                           &best_diff, &best_sum, &best_y);
      // Find the strongest edge.
      int test_y = y;
      do {
        ++test_y;
      } while (EvaluateVerticalDiff(data, wpl, diff_sign, x, test_y, height,
                                    &best_diff, &best_sum, &best_y));
      test_y = y;
      do {
        --test_y;
      } while (EvaluateVerticalDiff(data, wpl, diff_sign, x, test_y, height,
                                    &best_diff, &best_sum, &best_y));
      offset = diff_sign * (best_sum / 2 - threshold) +
          (y - best_y) * best_diff;
    } else if (pt1.x == pt2.x && abs(gradient.x()) * 2 >= abs(gradient.y())) {
      // Vertical step. diff_sign == 1 indicates black on the left.
      int diff_sign = (pt1.y > pt2.y) == negative ? 1 : -1;
      int x = pt1.x;
      int y = height - MAX(pt1.y, pt2.y);
      const l_uint32* line = pixGetData(pix) + y * wpl;
      int best_sum = 0;
      int best_x = x;
      EvaluateHorizontalDiff(line, diff_sign, x, width,
                             &best_diff, &best_sum, &best_x);
      // Find the strongest edge.
      int test_x = x;
      do {
        ++test_x;
      } while (EvaluateHorizontalDiff(line, diff_sign, test_x, width,
                                      &best_diff, &best_sum, &best_x));
      test_x = x;
      do {
        --test_x;
      } while (EvaluateHorizontalDiff(line, diff_sign, test_x, width,
                                      &best_diff, &best_sum, &best_x));
      offset = diff_sign * (threshold - best_sum / 2) +
          (best_x - x) * best_diff;
    }
    offsets[s].offset_numerator =
        static_cast<inT8>(ClipToRange(offset, -MAX_INT8, MAX_INT8));
    offsets[s].pixel_diff = static_cast<uinT8>(ClipToRange(best_diff, 0 ,
                                                           MAX_UINT8));
    if (negative) gradient = -gradient;
    // Compute gradient angle quantized to 256 directions, rotated by 64 (pi/2)
    // to convert from gradient direction to edge direction.
    offsets[s].direction =
        Modulo(FCOORD::binary_angle_plus_pi(gradient.angle()) + 64, 256);
    prev_gradient = next_gradient;
  }
}

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
l_int32   i, j, sindex, wb, hb, ws, hs, delx, dely, x, y, y0;
PIX      *pixs, *pixb, *pix1, *pix2;
PIXA     *pixa;
PIXCMAP  *cmap;

    setLeptDebugOK(1);
    lept_mkdir("lept/blend");
    pixa = pixaCreate(0);

    pixs = pixRead("rabi.png");  /* blendee */
    pixb = pixRead("weasel4.11c.png");   /* blender */

        /* Fade the blender */
    pixcmapShiftIntensity(pixGetColormap(pixb), FADE_FRACTION);

        /* Downscale the input */
    wb = pixGetWidth(pixb);
    hb = pixGetHeight(pixb);
    pix1 = pixScaleToGray4(pixs);

        /* Threshold to 5 levels, 4 bpp */
    ws = pixGetWidth(pix1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pix1);
    pix2 = pixThresholdTo4bpp(pix1, 5, 1);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_COPY);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pixb, L_COPY);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pix2);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);

        /* Overwrite the white pixels (at sindex in pix2) */
    pixcmapGetIndex(cmap, 255, 255, 255, &sindex);

        /* Blend the weasel 20 times */
    delx = ws / NX;
    dely = hs / NY;
    for (i = 0; i < NY; i++) {
        y = 20 + i * dely;
        if (y >= hs + hb)
            continue;
        for (j = 0; j < NX; j++) {
            x = 30 + j * delx;
            y0 = y;
            if (j & 1) {
                y0 = y + dely / 2;
                if (y0 >= hs + hb)
                    continue;
            }
            if (x >= ws + wb)
                continue;
            pixBlendCmap(pix2, pixb, x, y0, sindex);
        }
    }

    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix2, L_COPY);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pix2);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);
    fprintf(stderr, "Writing to: /tmp/lept/blend/blendcmap.pdf\n");
    pixaConvertToPdf(pixa, 0, 1.0, L_FLATE_ENCODE, 0, "cmap-blendtest",
                     "/tmp/lept/blend/blendcmap.pdf");

    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixb);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    return 0;
}

/*!
 *  pixGenerateSelWithRuns()
 *
 *      Input:  pix (1 bpp, typically small, to be used as a pattern)
 *              nhlines (number of hor lines along which elements are found)
 *              nvlines (number of vert lines along which elements are found)
 *              distance (min distance from boundary pixel; use 0 for default)
 *              minlength (min runlength to set hit or miss; use 0 for default)
 *              toppix (number of extra pixels of bg added above)
 *              botpix (number of extra pixels of bg added below)
 *              leftpix (number of extra pixels of bg added to left)
 *              rightpix (number of extra pixels of bg added to right)
 *              &pixe (<optional return> input pix expanded by extra pixels)
 *      Return: sel (hit-miss for input pattern), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *    (1) The horizontal and vertical lines along which elements are
 *        selected are roughly equally spaced.  The actual locations of
 *        the hits and misses are the centers of respective run-lengths.
 *    (2) No elements are selected that are less than 'distance' pixels away
 *        from a boundary pixel of the same color.  This makes the
 *        match much more robust to edge noise.  Valid inputs of
 *        'distance' are 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.  If distance is either 0 or
 *        greater than 4, we reset it to the default value.
 *    (3) The 4 numbers for adding rectangles of pixels outside the fg
 *        can be use if the pattern is expected to be surrounded by bg
 *        (white) pixels.  On the other hand, if the pattern may be near
 *        other fg (black) components on some sides, use 0 for those sides.
 *    (4) The pixels added to a side allow you to have miss elements there.
 *        There is a constraint between distance, minlength, and
 *        the added pixels for this to work.  We illustrate using the
 *        default values.  If you add 5 pixels to the top, and use a
 *        distance of 1, then you end up with a vertical run of at least
 *        4 bg pixels along the top edge of the image.  If you use a
 *        minimum runlength of 3, each vertical line will always find
 *        a miss near the center of its run.  However, if you use a
 *        minimum runlength of 5, you will not get a miss on every vertical
 *        line.  As another example, if you have 7 added pixels and a
 *        distance of 2, you can use a runlength up to 5 to guarantee
 *        that the miss element is recorded.  We give a warning if the
 *        contraint does not guarantee a miss element outside the
 *        image proper.
 *    (5) The input pix, as extended by the extra pixels on selected sides,
 *        can optionally be returned.  For debugging, call
 *        pixDisplayHitMissSel() to visualize the hit-miss sel superimposed
 *        on the generating bitmap.
 */
SEL *
pixGenerateSelWithRuns(PIX     *pixs,
                       l_int32  nhlines,
                       l_int32  nvlines,
                       l_int32  distance,
                       l_int32  minlength,
                       l_int32  toppix,
                       l_int32  botpix,
                       l_int32  leftpix,
                       l_int32  rightpix,
                       PIX    **ppixe)
{
l_int32    ws, hs, w, h, x, y, xval, yval, i, j, nh, nm;
l_float32  delh, delw;
NUMA      *nah, *nam;
PIX       *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixfg, *pixbg;
PTA       *ptah, *ptam;
SEL       *seld, *sel;

    PROCNAME("pixGenerateSelWithRuns");

    if (ppixe) *ppixe = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (nhlines < 1 && nvlines < 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("nvlines and nhlines both < 1", procName, NULL);

    if (distance <= 0)
        distance = DEFAULT_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY;
    if (minlength <= 0)
        minlength = DEFAULT_MIN_RUNLENGTH;
    if (distance > MAX_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY) {
        L_WARNING("distance too large; setting to max value", procName);
        distance = MAX_DISTANCE_TO_BOUNDARY;
    }

        /* Locate the foreground */
    pixClipToForeground(pixs, &pixt1, NULL);
    if (!pixt1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    ws = pixGetWidth(pixt1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pixt1);
    w = ws;
    h = hs;

        /* Crop out a region including the foreground, and add pixels
         * on sides depending on the side flags */
    if (toppix || botpix || leftpix || rightpix) {
        x = y = 0;
        if (toppix) {
            h += toppix;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/**
 * Segment the page according to the current value of tessedit_pageseg_mode.
 * pix_binary_ is used as the source image and should not be NULL.
 * On return the blocks list owns all the constructed page layout.
 */
int Tesseract::SegmentPage(const STRING* input_file, BLOCK_LIST* blocks,
                           Tesseract* osd_tess, OSResults* osr) {
  ASSERT_HOST(pix_binary_ != NULL);
  int width = pixGetWidth(pix_binary_);
  int height = pixGetHeight(pix_binary_);
  // Get page segmentation mode.
  PageSegMode pageseg_mode = static_cast<PageSegMode>(
      static_cast<int>(tessedit_pageseg_mode));
  // If a UNLV zone file can be found, use that instead of segmentation.
  if (!PSM_COL_FIND_ENABLED(pageseg_mode) &&
      input_file != NULL && input_file->length() > 0) {
    STRING name = *input_file;
    const char* lastdot = strrchr(name.string(), '.');
    if (lastdot != NULL)
      name[lastdot - name.string()] = '\0';
    read_unlv_file(name, width, height, blocks);
  }
  if (blocks->empty()) {
    // No UNLV file present. Work according to the PageSegMode.
    // First make a single block covering the whole image.
    BLOCK_IT block_it(blocks);
    BLOCK* block = new BLOCK("", TRUE, 0, 0, 0, 0, width, height);
    block->set_right_to_left(right_to_left());
    block_it.add_to_end(block);
  } else {
    // UNLV file present. Use PSM_SINGLE_BLOCK.
    pageseg_mode = PSM_SINGLE_BLOCK;
  }
  // The diacritic_blobs holds noise blobs that may be diacritics. They
  // are separated out on areas of the image that seem noisy and short-circuit
  // the layout process, going straight from the initial partition creation
  // right through to after word segmentation, where they are added to the
  // rej_cblobs list of the most appropriate word. From there classification
  // will determine whether they are used.
  BLOBNBOX_LIST diacritic_blobs;
  int auto_page_seg_ret_val = 0;
  TO_BLOCK_LIST to_blocks;
  if (PSM_OSD_ENABLED(pageseg_mode) || PSM_BLOCK_FIND_ENABLED(pageseg_mode) ||
      PSM_SPARSE(pageseg_mode)) {
    auto_page_seg_ret_val = AutoPageSeg(
        pageseg_mode, blocks, &to_blocks,
        enable_noise_removal ? &diacritic_blobs : NULL, osd_tess, osr);
    if (pageseg_mode == PSM_OSD_ONLY)
      return auto_page_seg_ret_val;
    // To create blobs from the image region bounds uncomment this line:
    //  to_blocks.clear();  // Uncomment to go back to the old mode.
  } else {
    deskew_ = FCOORD(1.0f, 0.0f);
    reskew_ = FCOORD(1.0f, 0.0f);
    if (pageseg_mode == PSM_CIRCLE_WORD) {
      Pix* pixcleaned = RemoveEnclosingCircle(pix_binary_);
      if (pixcleaned != NULL) {
        pixDestroy(&pix_binary_);
        pix_binary_ = pixcleaned;
      }
    }
  }

  if (auto_page_seg_ret_val < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  if (blocks->empty()) {
    if (textord_debug_tabfind)
      tprintf("Empty page\n");
    return 0;  // AutoPageSeg found an empty page.
  }
  bool splitting =
      pageseg_devanagari_split_strategy != ShiroRekhaSplitter::NO_SPLIT;
  bool cjk_mode = textord_use_cjk_fp_model;

  textord_.TextordPage(pageseg_mode, reskew_, width, height, pix_binary_,
                       pix_thresholds_, pix_grey_, splitting || cjk_mode,
                       &diacritic_blobs, blocks, &to_blocks);
  return auto_page_seg_ret_val;
}

/**********************************************************************
 * SetBlobStrokeWidth
 *
 * Set the horizontal and vertical stroke widths in the blob.
 **********************************************************************/
void SetBlobStrokeWidth(Pix* pix, BLOBNBOX* blob) {
  // Cut the blob rectangle into a Pix.
  int pix_height = pixGetHeight(pix);
  const TBOX& box = blob->bounding_box();
  int width = box.width();
  int height = box.height();
  Box* blob_pix_box = boxCreate(box.left(), pix_height - box.top(),
                                width, height);
  Pix* pix_blob = pixClipRectangle(pix, blob_pix_box, nullptr);
  boxDestroy(&blob_pix_box);
  Pix* dist_pix = pixDistanceFunction(pix_blob, 4, 8, L_BOUNDARY_BG);
  pixDestroy(&pix_blob);
  // Compute the stroke widths.
  uint32_t* data = pixGetData(dist_pix);
  int wpl = pixGetWpl(dist_pix);
  // Horizontal width of stroke.
  STATS h_stats(0, width + 1);
  for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
    uint32_t* pixels = data + y*wpl;
    int prev_pixel = 0;
    int pixel = GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels, 0);
    for (int x = 1; x < width; ++x) {
      int next_pixel = GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels, x);
      // We are looking for a pixel that is equal to its vertical neighbours,
      // yet greater than its left neighbour.
      if (prev_pixel < pixel &&
          (y == 0 || pixel == GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels - wpl, x - 1)) &&
          (y == height - 1 || pixel == GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels + wpl, x - 1))) {
        if (pixel > next_pixel) {
          // Single local max, so an odd width.
          h_stats.add(pixel * 2 - 1, 1);
        } else if (pixel == next_pixel && x + 1 < width &&
                 pixel > GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels, x + 1)) {
          // Double local max, so an even width.
          h_stats.add(pixel * 2, 1);
        }
      }
      prev_pixel = pixel;
      pixel = next_pixel;
    }
  }
  // Vertical width of stroke.
  STATS v_stats(0, height + 1);
  for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
    int prev_pixel = 0;
    int pixel = GET_DATA_BYTE(data, x);
    for (int y = 1; y < height; ++y) {
      uint32_t* pixels = data + y*wpl;
      int next_pixel = GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels, x);
      // We are looking for a pixel that is equal to its horizontal neighbours,
      // yet greater than its upper neighbour.
      if (prev_pixel < pixel &&
          (x == 0 || pixel == GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels - wpl, x - 1)) &&
          (x == width - 1 || pixel == GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels - wpl, x + 1))) {
        if (pixel > next_pixel) {
          // Single local max, so an odd width.
          v_stats.add(pixel * 2 - 1, 1);
        } else if (pixel == next_pixel && y + 1 < height &&
                 pixel > GET_DATA_BYTE(pixels + wpl, x)) {
          // Double local max, so an even width.
          v_stats.add(pixel * 2, 1);
        }
      }
      prev_pixel = pixel;
      pixel = next_pixel;
    }
  }
  pixDestroy(&dist_pix);
  // Store the horizontal and vertical width in the blob, keeping both
  // widths if there is enough information, otherwse only the one with
  // the most samples.
  // If there are insufficient samples, store zero, rather than using
  // 2*area/perimeter, as the numbers that gives do not match the numbers
  // from the distance method.
  if (h_stats.get_total() >= (width + height) / 4) {
    blob->set_horz_stroke_width(h_stats.ile(0.5f));
    if (v_stats.get_total() >= (width + height) / 4)
      blob->set_vert_stroke_width(v_stats.ile(0.5f));
    else
      blob->set_vert_stroke_width(0.0f);
  } else {
    if (v_stats.get_total() >= (width + height) / 4 ||
        v_stats.get_total() > h_stats.get_total()) {
      blob->set_horz_stroke_width(0.0f);
      blob->set_vert_stroke_width(v_stats.ile(0.5f));
    } else {
      blob->set_horz_stroke_width(h_stats.get_total() > 2 ? h_stats.ile(0.5f)
                                                          : 0.0f);
      blob->set_vert_stroke_width(0.0f);
    }
  }
}

/*!
 *  pixaGenerateFont()
 *
 *      Input:  pix (of 95 characters in 3 rows)
 *              fontsize (4, 6, 8, ... , 20, in pts at 300 ppi)
 *              &bl1 (<return> baseline of row 1)
 *              &bl2 (<return> baseline of row 2)
 *              &bl3 (<return> baseline of row 3)
 *      Return: pixa of font bitmaps for 95 characters, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This does all the work.  See pixaGenerateFontFromFile()
 *          for an overview.
 *      (2) The pix is for one of the 9 fonts.  @fontsize is only
 *          used here for debugging.
 */
PIXA *
pixaGenerateFont(PIX      *pixs,
                 l_int32   fontsize,
                 l_int32  *pbl0,
                 l_int32  *pbl1,
                 l_int32  *pbl2)
{
l_int32   i, j, nrows, nrowchars, nchars, h, yval;
l_int32   width, height;
l_int32   baseline[3];
l_int32  *tab = NULL;
BOX      *box, *box1, *box2;
BOXA     *boxar, *boxac, *boxacs;
PIX      *pix1, *pix2, *pixr, *pixrc, *pixc;
PIXA     *pixa;
l_int32   n, w, inrow, top;
l_int32  *ia;
NUMA     *na;

    PROCNAME("pixaGenerateFont");

    if (!pbl0 || !pbl1 || !pbl2)
        return (PIXA *)ERROR_PTR("&bl not all defined", procName, NULL);
    *pbl0 = *pbl1 = *pbl2 = 0;
    if (!pixs)
        return (PIXA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);

        /* Locate the 3 rows of characters */
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    na = pixCountPixelsByRow(pixs, NULL);
    boxar = boxaCreate(0);
    n = numaGetCount(na);
    ia = numaGetIArray(na);
    inrow = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (!inrow && ia[i] > 0) {
            inrow = 1;
            top = i;
        } else if (inrow && ia[i] == 0) {
            inrow = 0;
            box = boxCreate(0, top, w, i - top);
            boxaAddBox(boxar, box, L_INSERT);
        }
    }
    FREE(ia);
    numaDestroy(&na);
    nrows = boxaGetCount(boxar);
#if  DEBUG_FONT_GEN
    L_INFO("For fontsize %s, have %d rows\n", procName, fontsize, nrows);
#endif  /* DEBUG_FONT_GEN */
    if (nrows != 3) {
        L_INFO("nrows = %d; skipping fontsize %d\n", procName, nrows, fontsize);
        return (PIXA *)ERROR_PTR("3 rows not generated", procName, NULL);
    }

        /* Grab the character images and baseline data */
#if DEBUG_BASELINE
    lept_rmdir("baseline");
    lept_mkdir("baseline");
#endif  /* DEBUG_BASELINE */
    tab = makePixelSumTab8();
    pixa = pixaCreate(95);
    for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++) {
        box = boxaGetBox(boxar, i, L_CLONE);
        pixr = pixClipRectangle(pixs, box, NULL);  /* row of chars */
        pixGetTextBaseline(pixr, tab, &yval);
        baseline[i] = yval;

#if DEBUG_BASELINE
        L_INFO("Baseline info: row %d, yval = %d, h = %d\n", procName,
               i, yval, pixGetHeight(pixr));
        pix1 = pixCopy(NULL, pixr);
        pixRenderLine(pix1, 0, yval, pixGetWidth(pix1), yval, 1,
                      L_FLIP_PIXELS);
        if (i == 0 )
            pixWrite("/tmp/baseline/row0.png", pix1, IFF_PNG);
        else if (i == 1)
            pixWrite("/tmp/baseline/row1.png", pix1, IFF_PNG);
        else
            pixWrite("/tmp/baseline/row2.png", pix1, IFF_PNG);
        pixDestroy(&pix1);
#endif  /* DEBUG_BASELINE */

        boxDestroy(&box);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  bmfMakeAsciiTables
 *
 *      Input:  bmf
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This makes three tables, each of size 128, as follows:
 *          - fonttab is a table containing the index of the Pix
 *            that corresponds to each input ascii character;
 *            it maps (ascii-index) --> Pixa index
 *          - baselinetab is a table containing the baseline offset
 *            for the Pix that corresponds to each input ascii character;
 *            it maps (ascii-index) --> baseline offset
 *          - widthtab is a table containing the character width in
 *            pixels for the Pix that corresponds to that character;
 *            it maps (ascii-index) --> bitmap width
 *     (2) This also computes
 *          - lineheight (sum of maximum character extensions above and
 *                        below the baseline)
 *          - kernwidth (spacing between characters within a word)
 *          - spacewidth (space between words)
 *          - vertlinesep (extra vertical spacing between textlines)
 *     (3) The baselines apply as follows:
 *          baseline1   (ascii 32 - 57), ascii 92
 *          baseline2   (ascii 58 - 91)
 *          baseline3   (ascii 93 - 126)
 *     (4) The only array in bmf that is not ascii-based is the
 *         array of bitmaps in the pixa, which starts at ascii 32.
 */
static l_int32
bmfMakeAsciiTables(L_BMF  *bmf)
{
l_int32   i, maxh, height, charwidth, xwidth, kernwidth;
l_int32  *fonttab, *baselinetab, *widthtab;
PIX      *pix;

    PROCNAME("bmfMakeAsciiTables");

    if (!bmf)
        return ERROR_INT("bmf not defined", procName, 1);

        /* First get the fonttab; we use this later for the char widths */
    if ((fonttab = (l_int32 *)CALLOC(128, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("fonttab not made", procName, 1);
    bmf->fonttab = fonttab;
    for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
        fonttab[i] = UNDEF;
    for (i = 32; i < 127; i++)
        fonttab[i] = i - 32;

    if ((baselinetab = (l_int32 *)CALLOC(128, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("baselinetab not made", procName, 1);
    bmf->baselinetab = baselinetab;
    for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
        baselinetab[i] = UNDEF;
    for (i = 32; i <= 57; i++)
        baselinetab[i] = bmf->baseline1;
    for (i = 58; i <= 91; i++)
        baselinetab[i] = bmf->baseline2;
    baselinetab[92] = bmf->baseline1;  /* the '\' char */
    for (i = 93; i < 127; i++)
        baselinetab[i] = bmf->baseline3;

        /* Generate array of character widths; req's fonttab to exist */
    if ((widthtab = (l_int32 *)CALLOC(128, sizeof(l_int32))) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("widthtab not made", procName, 1);
    bmf->widthtab = widthtab;
    for (i = 0; i < 128; i++)
        widthtab[i] = UNDEF;
    for (i = 32; i < 127; i++) {
        bmfGetWidth(bmf, i, &charwidth);
        widthtab[i] = charwidth;
    }

        /* Get the line height of text characters, from the highest
         * ascender to the lowest descender; req's fonttab to exist. */
    pix =  bmfGetPix(bmf, 32);
    maxh =  pixGetHeight(pix);
    pixDestroy(&pix);
    pix =  bmfGetPix(bmf, 58);
    height =  pixGetHeight(pix);
    pixDestroy(&pix);
    maxh = L_MAX(maxh, height);
    pix =  bmfGetPix(bmf, 93);
    height =  pixGetHeight(pix);
    pixDestroy(&pix);
    maxh = L_MAX(maxh, height);
    bmf->lineheight = maxh;

        /* Get the kern width (distance between characters).
         * We let it be the same for all characters in a given
         * font size, and scale it linearly with the size;
         * req's fonttab to be built first. */
    bmfGetWidth(bmf, 120, &xwidth);
    kernwidth = (l_int32)(0.08 * (l_float32)xwidth + 0.5);
    bmf->kernwidth = L_MAX(1, kernwidth);

        /* Save the space width (between words) */
    bmfGetWidth(bmf, 32, &charwidth);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixGetLocalSkewAngles()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs
 *              nslices  (the number of horizontal overlapping slices; must
 *                  be larger than 1 and not exceed 20; use 0 for default)
 *              redsweep (sweep reduction factor: 1, 2, 4 or 8;
 *                        use 0 for default value)
 *              redsearch (search reduction factor: 1, 2, 4 or 8, and
 *                         not larger than redsweep; use 0 for default value)
 *              sweeprange (half the full range, assumed about 0; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value)
 *              sweepdelta (angle increment of sweep; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value)
 *              minbsdelta (min binary search increment angle; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value)
 *              &a (<optional return> slope of skew as fctn of y)
 *              &b (<optional return> intercept at y=0 of skew as fctn of y)
 *      Return: naskew, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) The local skew is measured in a set of overlapping strips.
 *          We then do a least square linear fit parameters to get
 *          the slope and intercept parameters a and b in
 *              skew-angle = a * y + b  (degrees)
 *          for the local skew as a function of raster line y.
 *          This is then used to make naskew, which can be interpreted
 *          as the computed skew angle (in degrees) at the left edge
 *          of each raster line.
 *      (2) naskew can then be used to find the baselines of text, because
 *          each text line has a baseline that should intersect
 *          the left edge of the image with the angle given by this
 *          array, evaluated at the raster line of intersection.
 */
NUMA *
pixGetLocalSkewAngles(PIX        *pixs,
                      l_int32     nslices,
                      l_int32     redsweep,
                      l_int32     redsearch,
                      l_float32   sweeprange,
                      l_float32   sweepdelta,
                      l_float32   minbsdelta,
                      l_float32  *pa,
                      l_float32  *pb)
{
l_int32    w, h, hs, i, ystart, yend, ovlap, npts;
l_float32  angle, conf, ycenter, a, b;
BOX       *box;
NUMA      *naskew;
PIX       *pix;
PTA       *pta;

    PROCNAME("pixGetLocalSkewAngles");

    if (!pixs)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (nslices < 2 || nslices > 20)
        nslices = DEFAULT_SLICES;
    if (redsweep < 1 || redsweep > 8)
        redsweep = DEFAULT_SWEEP_REDUCTION;
    if (redsearch < 1 || redsearch > redsweep)
        redsearch = DEFAULT_BS_REDUCTION;
    if (sweeprange == 0.0)
        sweeprange = DEFAULT_SWEEP_RANGE;
    if (sweepdelta == 0.0)
        sweepdelta = DEFAULT_SWEEP_DELTA;
    if (minbsdelta == 0.0)
        minbsdelta = DEFAULT_MINBS_DELTA;

    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    hs = h / nslices;
    ovlap = (l_int32)(OVERLAP_FRACTION * hs);
    pta = ptaCreate(nslices);
    for (i = 0; i < nslices; i++) {
        ystart = L_MAX(0, hs * i - ovlap);
        yend = L_MIN(h - 1, hs * (i + 1) + ovlap);
        ycenter = (ystart + yend) / 2;
        box = boxCreate(0, ystart, w, yend - ystart + 1);
        pix = pixClipRectangle(pixs, box, NULL);
        pixFindSkewSweepAndSearch(pix, &angle, &conf, redsweep, redsearch,
                                  sweeprange, sweepdelta, minbsdelta);
        if (conf > MIN_ALLOWED_CONFIDENCE)
            ptaAddPt(pta, ycenter, angle);
        pixDestroy(&pix);
        boxDestroy(&box);
    }
/*    ptaWriteStream(stderr, pta, 0); */

        /* Do linear least squares fit */
    if ((npts = ptaGetCount(pta)) < 2) {
        ptaDestroy(&pta);
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("can't fit skew", procName, NULL);
    }
    ptaGetLinearLSF(pta, &a, &b, NULL);
    if (pa) *pa = a;
    if (pb) *pb = b;

        /* Make skew angle array as function of raster line */
    naskew = numaCreate(h);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixGetLocalSkewTransform()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs
 *              nslices  (the number of horizontal overlapping slices; must
 *                  be larger than 1 and not exceed 20; use 0 for default)
 *              redsweep (sweep reduction factor: 1, 2, 4 or 8;
 *                        use 0 for default value)
 *              redsearch (search reduction factor: 1, 2, 4 or 8, and
 *                         not larger than redsweep; use 0 for default value)
 *              sweeprange (half the full range, assumed about 0; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value)
 *              sweepdelta (angle increment of sweep; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value)
 *              minbsdelta (min binary search increment angle; in degrees;
 *                          use 0.0 for default value)
 *              &ptas  (<return> 4 points in the source)
 *              &ptad  (<return> the corresponding 4 pts in the dest)
 *      Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This generates two pairs of points in the src, each pair
 *          corresponding to a pair of points that would lie along
 *          the same raster line in a transformed (dewarped) image.
 *      (2) The sets of 4 src and 4 dest points returned by this function
 *          can then be used, in a projective or bilinear transform,
 *          to remove keystoning in the src.
 */
l_int32
pixGetLocalSkewTransform(PIX       *pixs,
                         l_int32    nslices,
                         l_int32    redsweep,
                         l_int32    redsearch,
                         l_float32  sweeprange,
                         l_float32  sweepdelta,
                         l_float32  minbsdelta,
                         PTA      **pptas,
                         PTA      **pptad)
{
l_int32    w, h, i;
l_float32  deg2rad, angr, angd, dely;
NUMA      *naskew;
PTA       *ptas, *ptad;

    PROCNAME("pixGetLocalSkewTransform");

    if (!pptas || !pptad)
        return ERROR_INT("&ptas and &ptad not defined", procName, 1);
    *pptas = *pptad = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 1);
    if (nslices < 2 || nslices > 20)
        nslices = DEFAULT_SLICES;
    if (redsweep < 1 || redsweep > 8)
        redsweep = DEFAULT_SWEEP_REDUCTION;
    if (redsearch < 1 || redsearch > redsweep)
        redsearch = DEFAULT_BS_REDUCTION;
    if (sweeprange == 0.0)
        sweeprange = DEFAULT_SWEEP_RANGE;
    if (sweepdelta == 0.0)
        sweepdelta = DEFAULT_SWEEP_DELTA;
    if (minbsdelta == 0.0)
        minbsdelta = DEFAULT_MINBS_DELTA;

    naskew = pixGetLocalSkewAngles(pixs, nslices, redsweep, redsearch,
                                   sweeprange, sweepdelta, minbsdelta,
                                   NULL, NULL);
    if (!naskew)
        return ERROR_INT("naskew not made", procName, 1);

    deg2rad = 3.14159265 / 180.;
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    ptas = ptaCreate(4);
    ptad = ptaCreate(4);
    *pptas = ptas;
    *pptad = ptad;

        /* Find i for skew line that intersects LHS at i and RHS at h / 20 */
    for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
        numaGetFValue(naskew, i, &angd);
        angr = angd * deg2rad;
        dely = w * tan(angr);
        if (i - dely > 0.05 * h)
            break;
    }
    ptaAddPt(ptas, 0, i);
    ptaAddPt(ptas, w - 1, i - dely);
    ptaAddPt(ptad, 0, i);
    ptaAddPt(ptad, w - 1, i);

        /* Find i for skew line that intersects LHS at i and RHS at 19h / 20 */
    for (i = h - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        numaGetFValue(naskew, i, &angd);
        angr = angd * deg2rad;
        dely = w * tan(angr);
        if (i - dely < 0.95 * h)
            break;
    }
    ptaAddPt(ptas, 0, i);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixFindBaselines()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (1 bpp)
 *              &pta (<optional return> pairs of pts corresponding to
 *                    approx. ends of each text line)
 *              debug (usually 0; set to 1 for debugging output)
 *      Return: na (of baseline y values), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) Input binary image must have text lines already aligned
 *          horizontally.  This can be done by either rotating the
 *          image with pixDeskew(), or, if a projective transform
 *          is required, by doing pixDeskewLocal() first.
 *      (2) Input null for &pta if you don't want this returned.
 *          The pta will come in pairs of points (left and right end
 *          of each baseline).
 *      (3) Caution: this will not work properly on text with multiple
 *          columns, where the lines are not aligned between columns.
 *          If there are multiple columns, they should be extracted
 *          separately before finding the baselines.
 *      (4) This function constructs different types of output
 *          for baselines; namely, a set of raster line values and
 *          a set of end points of each baseline.
 *      (5) This function was designed to handle short and long text lines
 *          without using dangerous thresholds on the peak heights.  It does
 *          this by combining the differential signal with a morphological
 *          analysis of the locations of the text lines.  One can also
 *          combine this data to normalize the peak heights, by weighting
 *          the differential signal in the region of each baseline
 *          by the inverse of the width of the text line found there.
 *      (6) There are various debug sections that can be turned on
 *          with the debug flag.
 */
NUMA *
pixFindBaselines(PIX     *pixs,
                 PTA    **ppta,
                 l_int32  debug)
{
l_int32    h, i, j, nbox, val1, val2, ndiff, bx, by, bw, bh;
l_int32    imaxloc, peakthresh, zerothresh, inpeak;
l_int32    mintosearch, max, maxloc, nloc, locval;
l_int32   *array;
l_float32  maxval;
BOXA      *boxa1, *boxa2, *boxa3;
GPLOT     *gplot;
NUMA      *nasum, *nadiff, *naloc, *naval;
PIX       *pixt1, *pixt2;
PTA       *pta;

    PROCNAME("pixFindBaselines");

    if (!pixs)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    pta = NULL;
    if (ppta) {
        pta = ptaCreate(0);
        *ppta = pta;
    }

    lept_mkdir("/lept/baseline");

        /* Close up the text characters, removing noise */
    pixt1 = pixMorphSequence(pixs, "c25.1 + e3.1", 0);

        /* Save the difference of adjacent row sums.
         * The high positive-going peaks are the baselines */
    if ((nasum = pixCountPixelsByRow(pixt1, NULL)) == NULL)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("nasum not made", procName, NULL);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    nadiff = numaCreate(h);
    numaGetIValue(nasum, 0, &val2);
    for (i = 0; i < h - 1; i++) {
        val1 = val2;
        numaGetIValue(nasum, i + 1, &val2);
        numaAddNumber(nadiff, val1 - val2);
    }

    if (debug)  /* show the difference signal */
        gplotSimple1(nadiff, GPLOT_PNG, "/tmp/lept/baseline/diff", "Diff Sig");

        /* Use the zeroes of the profile to locate each baseline. */
    array = numaGetIArray(nadiff);
    ndiff = numaGetCount(nadiff);
    numaGetMax(nadiff, &maxval, &imaxloc);
        /* Use this to begin locating a new peak: */
    peakthresh = (l_int32)maxval / PEAK_THRESHOLD_RATIO;
        /* Use this to begin a region between peaks: */
    zerothresh = (l_int32)maxval / ZERO_THRESHOLD_RATIO;
    naloc = numaCreate(0);
    naval = numaCreate(0);
    inpeak = FALSE;
    for (i = 0; i < ndiff; i++) {
        if (inpeak == FALSE) {
            if (array[i] > peakthresh) {  /* transition to in-peak */
                inpeak = TRUE;
                mintosearch = i + MIN_DIST_IN_PEAK; /* accept no zeros
                                               * between i and mintosearch */
                max = array[i];
                maxloc = i;
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
char        *filein, *fileout;
l_int32      w, h;
l_float32    scale;
FILE        *fp;
PIX         *pix, *pixs, *pixd;
PIXCMAP     *cmap;
static char  mainName[] = "dithertest";

    if (argc != 3)
	exit(ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  dithertest filein fileout", mainName, 1));

    filein = argv[1];
    fileout = argv[2];

    if ((pix = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
	exit(ERROR_INT("pix not made", mainName, 1));
    if (pixGetDepth(pix) != 8)
	exit(ERROR_INT("pix not 8 bpp", mainName, 1));
    pixs = pixGammaTRC(NULL, pix, GAMMA, 0, 255);

    startTimer();
    pixd = pixDitherToBinary(pixs);
    fprintf(stderr, " time for binarized dither = %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

         /* Dither to 2 bpp, with colormap */
    startTimer();
    pixd = pixDitherTo2bpp(pixs, 1);
    fprintf(stderr, " time for dither = %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
    cmap = pixGetColormap(pixd);
    pixcmapWriteStream(stderr, cmap);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

         /* Dither to 2 bpp, without colormap */
    startTimer();
    pixd = pixDitherTo2bpp(pixs, 0);
    fprintf(stderr, " time for dither = %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

         /* Dither to 2 bpp, without colormap; output in PostScript */
    pixd = pixDitherTo2bpp(pixs, 0);
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    scale = L_MIN(FACTOR * 2550 / w, FACTOR * 3300 / h);
    fp = lept_fopen(fileout, "wb+");
    pixWriteStreamPS(fp, pixd, NULL, 300, scale);
    lept_fclose(fp);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Dither 2x upscale to 1 bpp */
    startTimer();
    pixd = pixScaleGray2xLIDither(pixs);
    fprintf(stderr, " time for scale/dither = %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

        /* Dither 4x upscale to 1 bpp */
    startTimer();
    pixd = pixScaleGray4xLIDither(pixs);
    fprintf(stderr, " time for scale/dither = %7.3f sec\n", stopTimer());
    pixDisplayWrite(pixd, 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);

    pixDisplayMultiple("/tmp/junk_write_display*");

    pixDestroy(&pix);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    return 0;
}