C++ pixCopy函数代码示例

/*!
 *  pixTranslate()
 *
 *      Input:  pixd (<optional> destination: this can be null,
 *                    equal to pixs, or different from pixs)
 *              pixs
 *              hshift (horizontal shift; hshift > 0 is to right)
 *              vshift (vertical shift; vshift > 0 is down)
 *              incolor (L_BRING_IN_WHITE, L_BRING_IN_BLACK)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error.
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) The general pattern is:
 *            pixd = pixTranslate(pixd, pixs, ...);
 *          For clarity, when you know the case, use one of these:
 *            pixd = pixTranslate(NULL, pixs, ...);  // new
 *            pixTranslate(pixs, pixs, ...);         // in-place
 *            pixTranslate(pixd, pixs, ...);         // to existing pixd
 *      (2) If an existing pixd is not the same size as pixs, the
 *          image data will be reallocated.
 */
PIX *
pixTranslate(PIX     *pixd,
             PIX     *pixs,
             l_int32  hshift,
             l_int32  vshift,
             l_int32  incolor)
{
    PROCNAME("pixTranslate");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);

        /* Prepare pixd for in-place operation */
    if ((pixd = pixCopy(pixd, pixs)) == NULL)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixd not made", procName, NULL);

    pixRasteropIP(pixd, hshift, vshift, incolor);
    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixRotateOrth()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (all depths)
 *              quads (0-3; number of 90 degree cw rotations)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error
 */
PIX *
pixRotateOrth(PIX     *pixs,
              l_int32  quads)
{
    PROCNAME("pixRotateOrth");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (quads < 0 || quads > 4)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("quads not in {0,1,2,3,4}", procName, NULL);

    if (quads == 0 || quads == 4)
        return pixCopy(NULL, pixs);
    else if (quads == 1)
        return pixRotate90(pixs, 1);
    else if (quads == 2)
        return pixRotate180(NULL, pixs);
    else /* quads == 3 */
        return pixRotate90(pixs, -1);
}

main(int    argc,
char **argv)
{
l_int32       i, j;
PIX          *pixs, *pixt, *pixd;
L_REGPARAMS  *rp;

    if (regTestSetup(argc, argv, &rp))
        return 1;

    pixs = pixRead("test8.jpg");
    pixt = pixCopy(NULL, pixs);

        /* Copy, in-place and one COLUMN at a time, from the right
           side to the left side. */
    for (j = 0; j < 200; j++)
        pixRasterop(pixs, 20 + j, 20, 1, 250, PIX_SRC, pixs, 250 + j, 20);
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixs, 50, 50, "in-place copy", rp->display);

        /* Copy, in-place and one ROW at a time, from the right
           side to the left side. */
    for (i = 0; i < 250; i++)
        pixRasterop(pixt, 20, 20 + i, 200, 1, PIX_SRC, pixt, 250, 20 + i);

        /* Test */
    regTestComparePix(rp, pixs, pixt);   /* 0 */
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);

        /* Show the mirrored border, which uses the general
           pixRasterop() on an image in-place.  */
    pixs = pixRead("test8.jpg");
    pixt = pixRemoveBorder(pixs, 40);
    pixd = pixAddMirroredBorder(pixt, 40, 40, 40, 40);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pixd, IFF_PNG);  /* 1 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixd, 650, 50, "mirrored border", rp->display);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
    return regTestCleanup(rp);
}

static void
CopyPtras(L_PTRA   *papixs,
          L_PTRA   *paboxs,
          L_PTRA  **ppapixd,
          L_PTRA  **ppaboxd)
{
l_int32  i, imax;
BOX     *box;
PIX     *pix;

    ptraGetMaxIndex(papixs, &imax);
    *ppapixd = ptraCreate(imax + 1);
    *ppaboxd = ptraCreate(imax + 1);
    for (i = 0; i <= imax; i++) {
        pix = pixCopy(NULL, (PIX *)ptraGetPtrToItem(papixs, i));
        box = boxCopy((BOX *)ptraGetPtrToItem(paboxs, i));
        ptraAdd(*ppapixd, pix);
        ptraAdd(*ppaboxd, box);
    }
    return;
}

/*!
 * \brief   pixSetStrokeWidth()
 *
 * \param[in]   pixs  1 bpp pix
 * \param[in]   width  set stroke width to this value, in [1 ... 100].
 * \param[in]   thinfirst  1 to thin all pix to a skeleton first; 0 to skip
 * \param[in]   connectivity  4 or 8, to be used if %thinfirst == 1
 * \return  pixd  with stroke width set to %width, or NULL on error
 *
 * <pre>
 * Notes:
 *      (1) See notes in pixaSetStrokeWidth().
 *      (2) A white border of sufficient width to avoid boundary
 *          artifacts in the thickening step is added before thinning.
 *      (3) %connectivity == 8 usually gives a slightly smoother result.
 * </pre>
 */
PIX *
pixSetStrokeWidth(PIX     *pixs,
                  l_int32  width,
                  l_int32  thinfirst,
                  l_int32  connectivity)
{
char     buf[16];
l_int32  border;
PIX     *pix1, *pix2, *pixd;

    PROCNAME("pixSetStrokeWidth");

    if (!pixs || (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1))
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs undefined or not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (width < 1 || width > 100)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("width not in [1 ... 100]", procName, NULL);
    if (connectivity != 4 && connectivity != 8)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("connectivity not 4 or 8", procName, NULL);

    if (!thinfirst && width == 1)  /* nothing to do */
        return pixCopy(NULL, pixs);

        /* Add a white border */
    border = width / 2;
    pix1 = pixAddBorder(pixs, border, 0);

        /* Thin to a skeleton */
    if (thinfirst)
        pix2 = pixThinConnected(pix1, L_THIN_FG, connectivity, 0);
    else
        pix2 = pixClone(pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);

        /* Dilate */
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "D%d.%d", width, width);
    pixd = pixMorphSequence(pix2, buf, 0);
    pixCopyText(pixd, pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixThresholdToValue()
 *
 *      Input:  pixd (<optional>; if not null, must be equal to pixs)
 *              pixs (8, 16, 32 bpp)
 *              threshval
 *              setval
 *      Return: pixd always
 *
 *  Notes:
 *    - operation can be in-place (pixs == pixd) or to a new pixd
 *    - if setval > threshval, sets pixels with a value >= threshval to setval
 *    - if setval < threshval, sets pixels with a value <= threshval to setval
 *    - if setval == threshval, no-op
 */
PIX *
pixThresholdToValue(PIX      *pixd,
                    PIX      *pixs,
                    l_int32   threshval,
                    l_int32   setval)
{
l_int32    w, h, d, wpld;
l_uint32  *datad;

    PROCNAME("pixThresholdToValue");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, pixd);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if (d != 8 && d != 16 && d != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 8, 16 or 32 bpp", procName, pixd);
    if (pixd && (pixs != pixd))
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixd exists and is not pixs", procName, pixd);
    if (threshval < 0 || setval < 0)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("threshval & setval not < 0", procName, pixd);
    if (d == 8 && setval > 255)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("setval > 255 for 8 bpp", procName, pixd);
    if (d == 16 && setval > 0xffff)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("setval > 0xffff for 16 bpp", procName, pixd);

    if (!pixd)
        pixd = pixCopy(NULL, pixs);
    if (setval == threshval) {
        L_WARNING("setval == threshval; no operation", procName);
        return pixd;
    }

    datad = pixGetData(pixd);
    pixGetDimensions(pixd, &w, &h, NULL);
    wpld = pixGetWpl(pixd);

    thresholdToValueLow(datad, w, h, d, wpld, threshval, setval);
    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixDilateGray3()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (8 bpp, not cmapped)
 *              hsize  (1 or 3)
 *              vsize  (1 or 3)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) Special case for 1x3, 3x1 or 3x3 brick sel (all hits)
 *      (2) If hsize = vsize = 1, just returns a copy.
 */
PIX *
pixDilateGray3(PIX     *pixs,
               l_int32  hsize,
               l_int32  vsize)
{
PIX  *pixt, *pixb, *pixbd, *pixd;

    PROCNAME("pixDilateGray3");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 8 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetColormap(pixs))
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pix has colormap", procName, NULL);
    if ((hsize != 1 && hsize != 3) ||
        (vsize != 1 && vsize != 3))
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid size: must be 1 or 3", procName, NULL);

    if (hsize == 1 && vsize == 1)
        return pixCopy(NULL, pixs);

    pixb = pixAddBorderGeneral(pixs, 4, 8, 2, 8, 0);

    if (vsize == 1)
        pixbd = pixDilateGray3h(pixb);
    else if (hsize == 1)
        pixbd = pixDilateGray3v(pixb);
    else {  /* vize == hsize == 3 */
        pixt = pixDilateGray3h(pixb);
        pixbd = pixDilateGray3v(pixt);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);
    }

    pixd = pixRemoveBorderGeneral(pixbd, 4, 8, 2, 8);
    pixDestroy(&pixb);
    pixDestroy(&pixbd);
    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixRankFilterRGB()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (32 bpp)
 *              wf, hf  (width and height of filter; each is >= 1)
 *              rank (in [0.0 ... 1.0])
 *      Return: pixd (of rank values), or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This defines, for each pixel in pixs, a neighborhood of
 *          pixels given by a rectangle "centered" on the pixel.
 *          This set of wf*hf pixels has a distribution of values.
 *          For each component, if the values are sorted in increasing
 *          order, we choose the component such that rank*(wf*hf-1)
 *          pixels have a lower or equal value and
 *          (1-rank)*(wf*hf-1) pixels have an equal or greater value.
 *      (2) Apply gray rank filtering to each component independently.
 *      (3) See notes in pixRankFilterGray() for further details.
 */
PIX  *
pixRankFilterRGB(PIX       *pixs,
                 l_int32    wf,
                 l_int32    hf,
                 l_float32  rank)
{
PIX  *pixr, *pixg, *pixb, *pixrf, *pixgf, *pixbf, *pixd;

    PROCNAME("pixRankFilterRGB");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 32 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (wf < 1 || hf < 1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("wf < 1 || hf < 1", procName, NULL);
    if (rank < 0.0 || rank > 1.0)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("rank must be in [0.0, 1.0]", procName, NULL);
    if (wf == 1 && hf == 1)   /* no-op */
        return pixCopy(NULL, pixs);

    pixr = pixGetRGBComponent(pixs, COLOR_RED);
    pixg = pixGetRGBComponent(pixs, COLOR_GREEN);
    pixb = pixGetRGBComponent(pixs, COLOR_BLUE);

    pixrf = pixRankFilterGray(pixr, wf, hf, rank);
    pixgf = pixRankFilterGray(pixg, wf, hf, rank);
    pixbf = pixRankFilterGray(pixb, wf, hf, rank);

    pixd = pixCreateRGBImage(pixrf, pixgf, pixbf);
    pixDestroy(&pixr);
    pixDestroy(&pixg);
    pixDestroy(&pixb);
    pixDestroy(&pixrf);
    pixDestroy(&pixgf);
    pixDestroy(&pixbf);
    return pixd;
}

/*!
 *  pixRotate180()
 *
 *      Input:  pixd  (<optional>; can be null, equal to pixs,
 *                     or different from pixs)
 *              pixs (all depths)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) This does a 180 rotation of the image about the center,
 *          which is equivalent to a left-right flip about a vertical
 *          line through the image center, followed by a top-bottom
 *          flip about a horizontal line through the image center.
 *      (2) There are 3 cases for input:
 *          (a) pixd == null (creates a new pixd)
 *          (b) pixd == pixs (in-place operation)
 *          (c) pixd != pixs (existing pixd)
 *      (3) For clarity, use these three patterns, respectively:
 *          (a) pixd = pixRotate180(NULL, pixs);
 *          (b) pixRotate180(pixs, pixs);
 *          (c) pixRotate180(pixd, pixs);
 */
PIX *
pixRotate180(PIX  *pixd,
             PIX  *pixs)
{
l_int32  d;

    PROCNAME("pixRotate180");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    d = pixGetDepth(pixs);
    if (d != 1 && d != 2 && d != 4 && d != 8 && d != 16 && d != 32)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not in {1,2,4,8,16,32} bpp",
                                procName, NULL);

        /* Prepare pixd for in-place operation */
    if ((pixd = pixCopy(pixd, pixs)) == NULL)
	return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixd not made", procName, NULL);

    pixFlipLR(pixd, pixd);
    pixFlipTB(pixd, pixd);
    return pixd;
}

// Creates and returns a Pix distorted by various means according to the bool
// flags. If boxes is not nullptr, the boxes are resized/positioned according to
// any spatial distortion and also by the integer reduction factor box_scale
// so they will match what the network will output.
// Returns nullptr on error. The returned Pix must be pixDestroyed.
Pix* PrepareDistortedPix(const Pix* pix, bool perspective, bool invert,
                         bool white_noise, bool smooth_noise, bool blur,
                         int box_reduction, TRand* randomizer,
                         GenericVector<TBOX>* boxes) {
  Pix* distorted = pixCopy(nullptr, const_cast<Pix*>(pix));
  // Things to do to synthetic training data.
  if (invert && randomizer->SignedRand(1.0) < 0)
    pixInvert(distorted, distorted);
  if ((white_noise || smooth_noise) && randomizer->SignedRand(1.0) > 0.0) {
    // TODO(rays) Cook noise in a more thread-safe manner than rand().
    // Attempt to make the sequences reproducible.
    srand(randomizer->IntRand());
    Pix* pixn = pixAddGaussianNoise(distorted, 8.0);
    pixDestroy(&distorted);
    if (smooth_noise) {
      distorted = pixBlockconv(pixn, 1, 1);
      pixDestroy(&pixn);
    } else {
      distorted = pixn;
    }
  }
  if (blur && randomizer->SignedRand(1.0) > 0.0) {
    Pix* blurred = pixBlockconv(distorted, 1, 1);
    pixDestroy(&distorted);
    distorted = blurred;
  }
  if (perspective)
    GeneratePerspectiveDistortion(0, 0, randomizer, &distorted, boxes);
  if (boxes != nullptr) {
    for (int b = 0; b < boxes->size(); ++b) {
      (*boxes)[b].scale(1.0f / box_reduction);
      if ((*boxes)[b].width() <= 0)
        (*boxes)[b].set_right((*boxes)[b].left() + 1);
    }
  }
  return distorted;
}

main(int    argc,
     char **argv)
{
l_int32      error;
l_uint32    *data;
PIX         *pix1, *pix2, *pix3, *pix1c, *pix2c, *pix1t, *pix2t, *pixd;
PIXA        *pixa;
static char  mainName[] = "pixmem_reg";

    error = 0;
    pixa = pixaCreate(0);

        /* Copy with internal resizing: onto a cmapped image */
    pix1 = pixRead("weasel4.16c.png");
    pix2 = pixRead("feyn-fract.tif");
    pix3 = pixRead("lucasta.150.jpg");
    fprintf(stderr, "before copy 2 --> 3\n");
    pixCopy(pix3, pix2);
    Compare(pix2, pix3, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix3, pixa, 4, 1, 30, 32);
    fprintf(stderr, "before copy 3 --> 1\n");
    pixCopy(pix1, pix3);
    Compare(pix2, pix1, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix1, pixa, 4, 0, 30, 32);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

        /* Copy with internal resizing: from a cmapped image */
    pix1 = pixRead("weasel4.16c.png");
    pix2 = pixRead("feyn-fract.tif");
    pix3 = pixRead("lucasta.150.jpg");
    fprintf(stderr, "before copy 1 --> 2\n");
    pixCopy(pix2, pix1);
    Compare(pix2, pix1, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix2, pixa, 1, 1, 30, 32);
    fprintf(stderr, "before copy 2 --> 3\n");
    pixCopy(pix3, pix2);
    Compare(pix3, pix2, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix3, pixa, 1, 0, 30, 32);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

        /* Transfer of data pixs --> pixd, when pixs is not cloned.
         * pixs is destroyed.  */
    pix1 = pixRead("weasel4.16c.png");
    pix2 = pixRead("feyn-fract.tif");
    pix3 = pixRead("lucasta.150.jpg");
    pix1c = pixCopy(NULL, pix1);
    fprintf(stderr, "before transfer 1 --> 2\n");
    pixTransferAllData(pix2, &pix1, 0, 0);
    Compare(pix2, pix1c, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix2, pixa, 1, 1, 30, 32);
    fprintf(stderr, "before transfer 2 --> 3\n");
    pixTransferAllData(pix3, &pix2, 0, 0);
    Compare(pix3, pix1c, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix3, pixa, 1, 0, 30, 32);
    pixDestroy(&pix1c);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

        /* Another transfer of data pixs --> pixd, when pixs is not cloned.
         * pixs is destroyed. */
    pix1 = pixRead("weasel4.16c.png");
    pix2 = pixRead("feyn-fract.tif");
    pix3 = pixRead("lucasta.150.jpg");
    pix1c = pixCopy(NULL, pix1);
    pix2c = pixCopy(NULL, pix2);
    fprintf(stderr, "before copy transfer 1 --> 2\n");
    pixTransferAllData(pix2, &pix1c, 0, 0);
    Compare(pix2, pix1, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix2, pixa, 1, 0, 30, 32);
    fprintf(stderr, "before copy transfer 2 --> 3\n");
    pixTransferAllData(pix3, &pix2, 0, 0);
    Compare(pix3, pix1, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix3, pixa, 1, 0, 30, 32);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2c);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

        /* Transfer of data pixs --> pixd, when pixs is cloned.
         * pixs has its refcount reduced by 1. */
    pix1 = pixRead("weasel4.16c.png");
    pix2 = pixRead("feyn-fract.tif");
    pix3 = pixRead("lucasta.150.jpg");
    pix1c = pixClone(pix1);
    pix2c = pixClone(pix2);
    fprintf(stderr, "before clone transfer 1 --> 2\n");
    pixTransferAllData(pix2, &pix1c, 0, 0);
    Compare(pix2, pix1, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix2, pixa, 1, 0, 30, 32);
    fprintf(stderr, "before clone transfer 2 --> 3\n");
    pixTransferAllData(pix3, &pix2c, 0, 0);
    Compare(pix3, pix1, &error);
    pixSaveTiled(pix3, pixa, 1, 0, 30, 32);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

        /* Extraction of data when pixs is not cloned, putting
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
    }

        /* Get the bounding boxes of the regions to be colored */
    boxa = pixConnCompBB(pix10, 8);

        /* Get a color to paint that is representative of the
         * actual highlight color in the image.  Scale each
         * color component up from the average by an amount necessary
         * to saturate the red.  Then divide the green and
         * blue components by 2.0.  */
    pixGetAverageMaskedRGB(pixs, pix7, 0, 0, 1, L_MEAN_ABSVAL,
                           &rval, &gval, &bval);
    fract = 255.0 / rval;
    irval = lept_roundftoi(fract * rval);
    igval = lept_roundftoi(fract * gval / 2.0);
    ibval = lept_roundftoi(fract * bval / 2.0);
    fprintf(stderr, "(r,g,b) = (%d,%d,%d)\n", irval, igval, ibval);

        /* Color the quantized gray version in the selected regions */
    pix11 = pixColorGrayRegions(pix3, boxa, L_PAINT_DARK, 220, irval,
                                igval, ibval);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix11, L_CLONE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix11, IFF_PNG);  /* 9 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix11, 800, 600, "Final colored result", rp->display);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pixs, L_CLONE);

        /* Test colorization on gray and cmapped gray */
    pix12 = pixColorGrayRegions(pix2, boxa, L_PAINT_DARK, 220, 0, 255, 0);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix12, L_CLONE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix12, IFF_PNG);  /* 10 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix12, 900, 600, "Colorizing boxa gray", rp->display);

    box = boxCreate(200, 200, 250, 350);
    pix13 = pixCopy(NULL, pix2);
    pixColorGray(pix13, box, L_PAINT_DARK, 220, 0, 0, 255);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix13, L_CLONE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix13, IFF_PNG);  /* 11 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix13, 1000, 600, "Colorizing box gray", rp->display);

    pix14 = pixThresholdTo4bpp(pix2, 6, 1);
    pix15 = pixColorGrayRegions(pix14, boxa, L_PAINT_DARK, 220, 0, 0, 255);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix15, L_CLONE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix15, IFF_PNG);  /* 12 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix15, 1100, 600, "Colorizing boxa cmap", rp->display);

    pixColorGrayCmap(pix14, box, L_PAINT_DARK, 0, 255, 255);
    pixaAddPix(pixa, pix14, L_CLONE);
    regTestWritePixAndCheck(rp, pix14, IFF_PNG);  /* 13 */
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pix14, 1200, 600, "Colorizing box cmap", rp->display);
    boxDestroy(&box);

        /* Generate a pdf of the intermediate results */
    lept_mkdir("lept");
    L_INFO("Writing to /tmp/lept/colorize.pdf\n", rp->testname);
    pixaConvertToPdf(pixa, 90, 1.0, 0, 0, "Colorizing highlighted text",
                     "/tmp/lept/colorize.pdf");


    pixaDestroy(&pixa);
    fpixDestroy(&fpix);
    boxDestroy(&box);
    boxaDestroy(&boxa);
    pixDestroy(&pixs);
    pixDestroy(&pix1);
    pixDestroy(&pix2);
    pixDestroy(&pix3);

//.........这里部分代码省略.........
/*            fprintf(stderr, "op = %s; w = %d, h = %d\n", op, w, h); */
            break;
        case 't':
        case 'T':
            if (op[1] != 'w' && op[1] != 'W' &&
                op[1] != 'b' && op[1] != 'B') {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "*** op = %s; arg %c must be 'w' or 'b'\n", op, op[1]);
                valid = FALSE;
                break;
            }
            sscanf(&op[2], "%d.%d", &w, &h);
            if (w < 1 || (w & 1) == 0 || h < 1 || (h & 1) == 0 ) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "*** op: %s; w = %d, h = %d; must both be odd\n",
                        op, w, h);
                valid = FALSE;
                break;
            }
/*            fprintf(stderr, "op = %s", op); */
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "*** nonexistent op = %s\n", op);
            valid = FALSE;
        }
        FREE(op);
    }
    if (!valid) {
        sarrayDestroy(&sa);
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("sequence invalid", procName, NULL);
    }

        /* Parse and operate */
    pixt1 = pixCopy(NULL, pixs);
    pixt2 = NULL;
    x = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < nops; i++) {
        rawop = sarrayGetString(sa, i, 0);
        op = stringRemoveChars(rawop, " \n\t");
        switch (op[0])
        {
        case 'd':
        case 'D':
            sscanf(&op[1], "%d.%d", &w, &h);
            pixt2 = pixDilateGray(pixt1, w, h);
            pixDestroy(&pixt1);
            pixt1 = pixClone(pixt2);
            pixDestroy(&pixt2);
            if (dispsep > 0) {
                pixDisplay(pixt1, x, dispy);
                x += dispsep;
            }
            break;
        case 'e':
        case 'E':
            sscanf(&op[1], "%d.%d", &w, &h);
            pixt2 = pixErodeGray(pixt1, w, h);
            pixDestroy(&pixt1);
            pixt1 = pixClone(pixt2);
            pixDestroy(&pixt2);
            if (dispsep > 0) {
                pixDisplay(pixt1, x, dispy);
                x += dispsep;
            }
            break;
        case 'o':

int main(int    argc,
         char **argv)
{
char        *filein, *fileout;
l_int32      i, w, h, liney, linex, same;
l_float32    angle, deg2rad;
PIX         *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixs, *pixd;
static char  mainName[] = "sheartest";

    if (argc != 4)
        return ERROR_INT(" Syntax:  sheartest filein angle fileout",
                         mainName, 1);

        /* Compare in-place H shear with H shear to a new pix */
    pixt1 = pixRead("marge.jpg");
    pixGetDimensions(pixt1, &w, &h, NULL);
    pixt2 = pixHShear(NULL, pixt1, (l_int32)(0.3 * h), 0.17, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixHShearIP(pixt1, (l_int32)(0.3 * h), 0.17, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixEqual(pixt1, pixt2, &same);
    if (same)
        fprintf(stderr, "Correct for H shear\n");
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "Error for H shear\n");
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);

        /* Compare in-place V shear with V shear to a new pix */
    pixt1 = pixRead("marge.jpg");
    pixGetDimensions(pixt1, &w, &h, NULL);
    pixt2 = pixVShear(NULL, pixt1, (l_int32)(0.3 * w), 0.17, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixVShearIP(pixt1, (l_int32)(0.3 * w), 0.17, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixEqual(pixt1, pixt2, &same);
    if (same)
        fprintf(stderr, "Correct for V shear\n");
    else
        fprintf(stderr, "Error for V shear\n");
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);

    filein = argv[1];
    angle = atof(argv[2]);
    fileout = argv[3];
    deg2rad = 3.1415926535 / 180.;

    if ((pixs = pixRead(filein)) == NULL)
        return ERROR_INT("pix not made", mainName, 1);

    pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);

#if 0
        /* Select an operation from this list ...
         * ------------------------------------------
    pixd = pixHShear(NULL, pixs, liney, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixd = pixVShear(NULL, pixs, linex, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixd = pixHShearCorner(NULL, pixs, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixd = pixVShearCorner(NULL, pixs, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixd = pixHShearCenter(NULL, pixs, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixd = pixVShearCenter(NULL, pixs, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixHShearIP(pixs, liney, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE); pixd = pixs;
    pixVShearIP(pixs, linex, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE); pixd = pixs;
    pixRasteropHip(pixs, 0, h/3, -50, L_BRING_IN_WHITE); pixd = pixs;
    pixRasteropVip(pixs, 0, w/3, -50, L_BRING_IN_WHITE); pixd = pixs;
         * ------------------------------------------
         *  ... and use it in the following:         */
    pixd = pixHShear(NULL, pixs, liney, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
    pixWrite(fileout, pixd, IFF_PNG);
    pixDisplay(pixd, 50, 50);
    pixDestroy(&pixd);
#endif

#if 0
        /* Do a horizontal shear about a line */
    for (i = 0; i < NTIMES; i++) {
        liney = i * h / (NTIMES - 1);
        if (liney >= h)
            liney = h - 1;
        pixd = pixHShear(NULL, pixs, liney, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
        pixDisplay(pixd, 50 + 10 * i, 50 + 10 * i);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
    }
#endif

#if 0
        /* Do a vertical shear about a line */
    for (i = 0; i < NTIMES; i++) {
        linex = i * w / (NTIMES - 1);
        if (linex >= w)
            linex = w - 1;
        pixd = pixVShear(NULL, pixs, linex, deg2rad * angle, L_BRING_IN_WHITE);
        pixDisplay(pixd, 50 + 10 * i, 50 + 10 * i);
        pixDestroy(&pixd);
    }
#endif

#if 0
        /* Do a horizontal in-place shear about a line */
    pixSetPadBits(pixs, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < NTIMES; i++) {
        pixd = pixCopy(NULL, pixs);
        liney = i * h / (NTIMES - 1);
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

/*!
 *  pixThinGeneral()
 *
 *      Input:  pixs (1 bpp)
 *              type (L_THIN_FG, L_THIN_BG)
 *              sela (of Sels for parallel composite HMTs)
 *              maxiters (max number of iters allowed; use 0 to iterate
 *                        until completion)
 *      Return: pixd, or null on error
 *
 *  Notes:
 *      (1) See notes in pixThin().  That function chooses among
 *          the best of the Sels for thinning.
 *      (2) This is a general function that takes a Sela of HMTs
 *          that are used in parallel for thinning from each
 *          of four directions.  One iteration consists of four
 *          such parallel thins.
 */
PIX *
pixThinGeneral(PIX     *pixs,
               l_int32  type,
               SELA    *sela,
               l_int32  maxiters)
{
l_int32  i, j, r, nsels, same;
PIXA    *pixahmt;
PIX    **pixhmt;  /* array owned by pixahmt; do not destroy! */
PIX     *pixd, *pixt;
SEL     *sel, *selr;

    PROCNAME("pixThinGeneral");

    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (type != L_THIN_FG && type != L_THIN_BG)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("invalid fg/bg type", procName, NULL);
    if (!sela)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("sela not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (maxiters == 0) maxiters = 10000;

        /* Set up array of temp pix to hold hmts */
    nsels = selaGetCount(sela);
    pixahmt = pixaCreate(nsels);
    for (i = 0; i < nsels; i++) {
        pixt = pixCreateTemplate(pixs);
        pixaAddPix(pixahmt, pixt, L_INSERT);
    }
    pixhmt = pixaGetPixArray(pixahmt);
    if (!pixhmt)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixhmt array not made", procName, NULL);

#if  DEBUG_SELS
    pixt = selaDisplayInPix(sela, 35, 3, 15, 4);
    pixDisplayWithTitle(pixt, 100, 100, "allsels", 1);
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
#endif  /* DEBUG_SELS */

        /* Set up initial image for fg thinning */
    if (type == L_THIN_FG)
        pixd = pixCopy(NULL, pixs);
    else  /* bg thinning */
        pixd = pixInvert(NULL, pixs);

        /* Thin the fg, with up to maxiters iterations */
    for (i = 0; i < maxiters; i++) {
        pixt = pixCopy(NULL, pixd);  /* test for completion */
        for (r = 0; r < 4; r++) {  /* over 90 degree rotations of Sels */
            for (j = 0; j < nsels; j++) {  /* over individual sels in sela */
                sel = selaGetSel(sela, j);  /* not a copy */
                selr = selRotateOrth(sel, r);
                pixHMT(pixhmt[j], pixd, selr);
                selDestroy(&selr);
                if (j > 0)
                    pixOr(pixhmt[0], pixhmt[0], pixhmt[j]);  /* accum result */
            }
            pixSubtract(pixd, pixd, pixhmt[0]);  /* remove result */
        }
        pixEqual(pixd, pixt, &same);
        pixDestroy(&pixt);
        if (same) {
            L_INFO("%d iterations to completion\n", procName, i);
            break;
        }
    }

    if (type == L_THIN_BG)
        pixInvert(pixd, pixd);

    pixaDestroy(&pixahmt);
    return pixd;
}