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C++ Algorithm remove_copy_if()用法及代碼示例


C++ 算法 remove_copy_if() 函數用於將[first, last) 範圍內的所有元素複製到從result 開始的範圍內,除了那些pred 返回true 的元素,不影響其餘元素的順序。

這個函數不能改變容器的大小。

  • 它返回一個迭代器到範圍的新末端。
  • 移除是穩定的,意味著未被移除的元素的相對順序保持不變。

用法

template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class UnaryPredicate>
OutputIterator remove_copy_if (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, 
OutputIterator result, UnaryPredicate pred);

參數

first: 一個前向迭代器,指向元素被移除的範圍內的第一個元素的位置。

last:一個前向迭代器,指向從元素被移除的範圍中最後一個元素之後的位置。

result:一個輸出迭代器,指向元素被移除的範圍的初始位置。

pred: 必須滿足的是要替換元素的值。

返回值

指向複製範圍的新結束位置 (last) 的前向迭代器,其中包括 [first, last) 中的所有元素,除了那些 pred 將返回 true 的元素。

複雜度

複雜度在[first, last)範圍內是線性的:對每個元素應用pred,對沒有去除的元素進行賦值操作。

數據競爭

訪問範圍 [first, last) 中的對象。

結果和返回值之間範圍內的對象發生了變化。

異常

如果 pred、元素賦值或迭代器上的操作中的任何一個拋出異常,則此函數將拋出異常。

請注意,無效參數會導致未定義的行為。

例子1

讓我們看一個簡單的例子來演示 remove_copy_if() 的使用:

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>

using namespace std;

int main() {
  vector<int> v = { 2,1,3,4,5,7,6,9,8};

  remove_copy_if(v.begin(), v.end(),
    ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ","),
    [](int x) { return x%2 != 0; });
    
    return 0;
}

輸出:

2,4,6,8,

例子2

讓我們看另一個簡單的例子:

#include <vector> 
#include <algorithm> 
#include <iostream> 

using namespace std; 
  
bool IsOdd(int i) { 
return ((i % 2) != 0); 
} 
  
// Function to remove from v1 result vector is v2 
void remove_copy_ifDemo(vector <int> &v1, vector<int> &v2) 
{ 
    remove_copy_if(v1.begin(), v1.end(), v2.begin(), IsOdd); 
} 
  
// Function to print content of vector 
void print(vector<int>&v) 
{ 
    int len = v.size(); 

    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) 
        cout << v[i] << " "; 
    cout << endl; 
} 
   
int main() 
{ 
    // declare vector v1, v2 
    vector <int> v1, v2(10); 
      
    // push data in vector  
    for(int i = 10; i <= 20; i++) 
        v1.push_back(i); 
      
    cout << "elements of v1 before remove_copy:"; 
    print(v1); 
  
remove_copy_ifDemo(v1,v2); 
      
    cout << "elements of v1 after remove_copy:"; 
    print(v1); 
      
cout << "After removing Odd Numbers from v1"
            " copy result in vector v2" <<endl; 
    print(v2); 
  
return 0; 
}

輸出:

elements of v1 before remove_copy:10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
elements of v1 after remove_copy:10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
After removing Odd Numbers from v1 copy result in vector v2
10 12 14 16 18 20 0 0 0 0

例子3

讓我們看另一個簡單的例子:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>

using namespace std;


int main()
{
    const int MAX_ELEMENTS = 8 ;

    // Define a template class vector of integers
    typedef vector<int > IntVector ;

    //Define an iterator for template class vector of integer
    typedef IntVector::iterator IntVectorIt ;

    //vector containing numbers
    IntVector Numbers(MAX_ELEMENTS), Result(MAX_ELEMENTS) ;

    IntVectorIt start, end, it, last, resultIt ;

    //Initialize vector Numbers
    Numbers[0] = 10 ;
    Numbers[1] = 20 ;
    Numbers[2] = 10 ;
    Numbers[3] = 15 ;
    Numbers[4] = 12 ;
    Numbers[5] = 25 ;
    Numbers[6] = 30 ;
    Numbers[7] = 10 ;

    start = Numbers.begin() ;   // location of first
                                // element of Numbers

    end = Numbers.end() ;       // one past the location
                                // last element of Numbers

    resultIt = Result.begin() ; // location of first
                                // element of Result

    // print content of Numbers
    cout << "Numbers { " ;
    for(it = start; it != end; it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;

    // copy all elements from Numbers to Result
    // skipping any item that >= 25
    last = remove_copy_if(start, end, resultIt,
                          bind2nd(greater_equal<int>(), 25)) ;

    //print number of elements copied to Result
    cout << "Total number of elements copied to Result = "
        << last - resultIt << endl ;

    start = Result.begin() ;   // location of first
                                // element of Result

    end = Result.end() ;       // one past the location
                               // last element of Result

    // print content of Result
    cout << "Result { " ;
    for(it = start; it != end; it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;
    
    return 0;
}

輸出:

Numbers { 10 20 10 15 12 25 30 10  }

Total number of elements copied to Result = 6
Result { 10 20 10 15 12 10 0 0  }

示例 4

讓我們看另一個簡單的例子:

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool greathan(int value)
{ return value >7;}
 
int main(void)
{
// vector container
vector <int> vec1, vec2(14);

// vector iterator
vector <int>::iterator Iter1, Iter2, new_end;
int i, j;

// push data in range
for(i = 0; i <= 10; i++)
vec1.push_back(i);
for(j = 0; j <= 2; j++)
vec1.push_back(5); 


// print the data
cout<<"The original vec1 vector data:";
for(Iter1 = vec1.begin(); Iter1 != vec1.end(); Iter1++)
cout<<*Iter1<<" ";
cout<<endl;

// randomly shuffle the data
random_shuffle(vec1.begin(), vec1.end());
cout<<"\nThe original vec1 vector data randomly shuffled:";
for(Iter1 = vec1.begin(); Iter1 != vec1.end(); Iter1++)
cout<<*Iter1<<" ";
cout<<endl;

// remove elements with a value greater than 7

new_end = remove_copy_if(vec1.begin(), vec1.end(), vec2.begin(), greathan);
cout<<"\nAfter the remove_copy_if() operation, the vec1 vector is left unchanged as:";
for(Iter1 = vec1.begin(); Iter1 != vec1.end(); Iter1++)
cout<<*Iter1<<" ";
cout<<endl;
cout<<"\nvec2 vector is a copy of vec1 vector with values greater than 7 removed:";
for(Iter2 = vec2.begin(); Iter2 != new_end; Iter2++)
cout<<*Iter2<<" ";
cout<<endl;

return 0;

}

輸出:

The original vec1 vector data:0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 5 5 

The original vec1 vector data randomly shuffled:4 10 5 5 0 5 5 1 6 9 3 7 8 2 

After the remove_copy_if() operation, the vec1 vector is left unchanged as:4 10 5 5 0 5 5 1 6 9 3 7 8 2 

vec2 vector is a copy of vec1 vector with values greater than 7 removed:4 5 5 0 5 5 1 6 3 7 2





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