Python IPSet.iter_cidrs方法代碼示例

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def optimize_network_range(ipstr, threshold=0.9, verbose=DEBUG):
    """
    Parses the input string and then calculates the subnet usage percentage. If over
    the threshold it will return a loose result, otherwise it returns strict.

    :param ipstr:
        IP string to be parsed.

    :param threshold:
        The percentage of the network usage required to return a loose result.

    :param verbose:
        Toggle verbosity.

    Example of default behavior using 0.9 (90% usage) threshold:
        >>> import cidrize
        >>> cidrize.optimize_network_range('10.20.30.40-50', verbose=True)
        Subnet usage ratio: 0.34375; Threshold: 0.9
        Under threshold, IP Parse Mode: STRICT
        [IPNetwork('10.20.30.40/29'), IPNetwork('10.20.30.48/31'), IPNetwork('10.20.30.50/32')]

    Example using a 0.3 (30% threshold):
        >>> import cidrize
        >>> cidrize.optimize_network_range('10.20.30.40-50', threshold=0.3, verbose=True)
        Subnet usage ratio: 0.34375; Threshold: 0.3
        Over threshold, IP Parse Mode: LOOSE
        [IPNetwork('10.20.30.32/27')]

    """
    if threshold > 1 or threshold < 0:
        raise CidrizeError('Threshold must be from 0.0 to 1.0')

    # Can't optimize 0.0.0.0/0!
    if ipstr in EVERYTHING:
        return cidrize(ipstr)

    loose = IPSet(cidrize(ipstr))
    strict = IPSet(cidrize(ipstr, strict=True))
    ratio = float(len(strict)) / float(len(loose))

    if verbose:
        print 'Subnet usage ratio: %s; Threshold: %s' % (ratio, threshold)

    if ratio >= threshold:
        if verbose:
            print 'Over threshold, IP Parse Mode: LOOSE'
        result = loose.iter_cidrs()
    else:
        if verbose:
            print 'Under threshold, IP Parse Mode: STRICT'
        result = strict.iter_cidrs()

    return result

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def test_ipset_converts_to_cidr_networks_v6():
    s1 = IPSet(IPNetwork('fe80::4242/64'))
    s1.add(IPNetwork('fe90::4343/64'))
    assert list(s1.iter_cidrs()) == [
        IPNetwork('fe80::/64'),
        IPNetwork('fe90::/64'),
    ]

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def test_ipset_converts_to_cidr_networks_v4():
    s1 = IPSet(IPNetwork('10.1.2.3/8'))
    s1.add(IPNetwork('192.168.1.2/16'))
    assert list(s1.iter_cidrs()) == [
        IPNetwork('10.0.0.0/8'),
        IPNetwork('192.168.0.0/16'),
    ]

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def write_file(scope: str, content: IPSet, prefix=''):
    if len(prefix)>0 and not prefix.endswith('-'):
        prefix = prefix + '-'
    filename = 'output/' + prefix + scope + '.txt'
    cidrs = content.iter_cidrs()
    log.info(f"Writing output file: {filename}")
    log.info(f"There are {len(cidrs)} CIDR blocks in {filename}.")
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        f.writelines(f"{cidr}\n" for cidr in cidrs)

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def concat_networks(context, pool_1, pool_2):
    if pool_1.is_free and pool_2.is_free:
        network_1 = pool_to_network(pool_1)
        network_2 = pool_to_network(pool_2)
        if network_1.size == network_2.size:
            ipset = IPSet([network_1, network_2])
            cidr = ipset.iter_cidrs()[0]
            pool_1.ip = cidr.first
            pool_1.netmask = cidr.netmask.value
            count = len(pool_to_network(pool_1))
            pool_1.count = count
            pool_delete(context, pool_2.pool_id)
            concat_pool(context, pool_1)

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def add_available_prefixes(parent, prefix_list):
    """
    Create fake Prefix objects for all unallocated space within a prefix.
    """

    # Find all unallocated space
    available_prefixes = IPSet(parent) ^ IPSet([p.prefix for p in prefix_list])
    available_prefixes = [Prefix(prefix=p) for p in available_prefixes.iter_cidrs()]

    # Concatenate and sort complete list of children
    prefix_list = list(prefix_list) + available_prefixes
    prefix_list.sort(key=lambda p: p.prefix)

    return prefix_list

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def summarizeIPs(inFile, outFile):
    netSet = IPSet()
    with open(inFile, 'r') as f:
        for line in f.readlines():
            net = IPSet()
            try:
                net.add(line.strip())
            except AddrFormatError:
                continue
            else:
                netSet = netSet | net
    netMin = netSet.iter_cidrs()
    with open(outFile, 'w') as f:
        for net in netMin:
            f.write('{}\n'.format(net))

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def choose_ip(routable_cidrs, excluded_cidrs=[], client_addr=''):
    """Find available IP addresses for both sides of a VPN Tunnel.

    This method iterates over the settings.ALLOWED_CIDRS list in order to
    allocate available IP address to both the client and server side of a
    VPN tunnel. CIDRs that belong to the lists of settings.RESERVED_CIDRS,
    `routable_cidrs`, and `excluded_cidrs` are excluded from the allocation
    process.

    :param routable_cidrs: the CIDRs that are to be routed over a VPN tunnel
    :param excluded_cidrs: an optional list of CIDRs to be excluded from the
                           address allocation process
    :param client_addr:    the `client_addr` is used to attempt to pick an
                           adjacent IP address for the server side

    :return: a private IP address

    """
    exc_nets = routable_cidrs + excluded_cidrs + settings.RESERVED_CIDRS
    # make sure the exc_nets list does not contain any empty strings
    exc_nets = [exc_net for exc_net in exc_nets if exc_net]
    # a list of unique, non-overlapping supernets (to be excluded)
    exc_nets = IPSet(exc_nets).iter_cidrs()
    for network in settings.ALLOWED_CIDRS:
        available_cidrs = IPSet(IPNetwork(network))
        for exc_net in exc_nets:
            available_cidrs.remove(exc_net)
        if not available_cidrs:
            continue
        for cidr in available_cidrs.iter_cidrs():
            first, last = cidr.first, cidr.last
            if client_addr:
                address = IPAddress(client_addr) + 1
            else:
                address = IPAddress(random.randrange(first + 1, last))
            for _ in xrange(first + 1, last):
                if address not in cidr or address == cidr.broadcast:
                    address = cidr.network + 1
                try:
                    Tunnel.objects.get(Q(client=str(address)) |
                                       Q(server=str(address)))
                    address += 1
                except Tunnel.DoesNotExist:
                    return str(address)

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
 def allocate(self, netmask, net_group_name, stack_id=None, stack_name=None):
     context = get_session()
     network = IPNetwork('0.0.0.0/%s' % netmask)
     pool = db.api.free_pool_find_by_netmask_and_netgroup(context, network.netmask.value, net_group_name)
     ip_network = pool_to_network(pool)
     if ip_network.size == network.size:
         pool.is_free = False
         pool.stack_id = stack_id
         pool.stack_name = stack_name
         pool.save()
         allocated_pool = pool
     else:
         pool_list = list(ip_network.subnet(netmask))
         allocated_network = pool_list[0]
         pool_list = IPSet(pool_list[1::])
         allocated_pool = db.api.used_pool_add(context, {'initial_pool': pool.initial_pool, 'cidr': allocated_network,
                                                         'stack_id': stack_id, 'stack_name': stack_name})
         for free_pool in pool_list.iter_cidrs():
             db.api.free_pool_add(context, {'initial_pool':  pool.initial_pool, 'cidr': free_pool})
         db.api.pool_delete(context, pool.pool_id)
         logger.info('allocate pool id %s %s' % (allocated_pool.pool_id, allocated_network))
     return allocated_pool

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def parse_commas(ipstr, **kwargs):
    """
    This will break up a comma-separated input string of assorted inputs, run them through
    cidrize(), flatten the list, and return the list. If any item in the list
    fails, it will allow the exception to pass through as if it were parsed
    individually. All objects must parse or nothing is returned.

    Example:

    :param ipstr:
        A comma-separated string of IP address patterns.
    """
    # Clean whitespace before we process
    ipstr = ipstr.replace(' ', '').strip()
    items = ipstr.split(',')

    # Possibly nested depending on input, so we'll run it thru itertools.chain
    # to flatten it. Then we make it a IPSet to optimize adjacencies and finally
    # return the list of CIDRs within the IPSet
    ipiter = (cidrize(ip, **kwargs) for ip in items)
    flatiter = itertools.chain.from_iterable(ipiter)
    ipset = IPSet(flatiter)

    return ipset.iter_cidrs()

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
#! /usr/bin/env python
# Calculates the disjunction of two sets of IP ranges
from sys import argv
from netaddr import IPSet

if len(argv) != 3:
    print('Usage: {0} include.txt exclude.txt'.format(argv[0]))
    exit()

net = IPSet()

with open(argv[1], 'r') as incfile:
    for line in incfile:
        net = net | IPSet([line])

with open(argv[2], 'r') as exfile:
    for line in exfile:
        net.remove(line)

for cidr in net.iter_cidrs():
    print(cidr)

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def scan_fn_ip():
    country_code = {}
    for line in open('input/country_code', 'r'):
        code, name = line.split(" ")
        country_code[code] = name.strip().decode("utf-8")
        logger.info(code + ' ' + country_code[code])

    rtree = ipRadixDB()
    ip_area_list = ["input/delegated-arin-latest", "input/delegated-ripencc-latest", "input/delegated-lacnic-latest", "input/delegated-afrinic-latest", "input/delegated-apnic-latest"]
    dft = defaultdict(list)
    availableIPs = []
    for f in ip_area_list:
        seed_file = open(f,'r')
        for l in seed_file.readlines():
            params = l.split('|')
            if len(params) >= 4 and params[2] == "ipv4" and params[3] != "*" and params[1] != "CN":
                startIP = params[3]
                endIP = ip_integer_to_string(ip_integer_from_string(startIP) + int(params[4]) - 1)
                logger.info(startIP + ' ' + endIP + ' ' + params[4])
                iprange = IPRange(startIP, endIP)
                if params[1] == '':
                    availableIPs += map(str, iprange.cidrs())
                else:
                    dft[params[1]] += map(str, iprange.cidrs())
    for key in dft:
        prefix = dft[key][-1]
        network,masklen = prefix.split('/')
        masklen = int(masklen)
        ip = generate_random_ip(network,masklen)
        ipset = IPSet(dft[key])
        for prefix in ipset.iter_cidrs():
            network,masklen = str(prefix).split('/')
            masklen = int(masklen)
            rtree.addPrefix(network,masklen)
            data = rtree.rnode.data
            country = country_code[key]
            logger.info(str(prefix) + ' ' + country)
            data['country'] = country #jsonData.get('country','')
            data['ip'] = ip
            data['ip_amount'] = prefix.size
            data['province'] = ''
            data['city'] = ''
            data['isp'] = ''
    for prefix in availableIPs:
        network,masklen = prefix.split("/")
        masklen = int(masklen)
        ip = generate_random_ip(network,masklen)
        jsonData = None;
        while jsonData == None:
            try:
                jsonData = query_ip(ip)
            except Exception, e:
                logger.error(e)
                time.sleep(0.5)
        rtree.addPrefix(network,masklen)
        data = rtree.rnode.data
        data['country'] = jsonData.get('country','')
        data['ip'] = ip
        data['ip_amount'] = IPNetwork(prefix).size
        data['province'] = ''
        data['city'] = ''
        data['isp'] = ''
        logger.info(prefix + ' ' + data['country'])

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def sync_subnets(conn, config):
    log.debug("loading routing tables")
    routing_tables = conn.get_all_route_tables()
    route_tables_by_name = {r.tags.get('Name'): r for r in routing_tables}
    route_tables_by_subnet_id = {}
    for r in routing_tables:
        for a in r.associations:
            route_tables_by_subnet_id[a.subnet_id] = r

    # Get list of AZs
    zones = conn.get_all_zones()

    for vpc_id in config:
        # Get a list of all the remote subnets
        remote_subnets = conn.get_all_subnets(filters={'vpcId': vpc_id})

        seen = set()

        # Go through our config, adjusting or any subnets as appropriate
        for cidr, block_config in config[vpc_id].items():
            cidr_net = IPNetwork(cidr)
            table_name = block_config.get('routing_table')
            if table_name and table_name not in route_tables_by_name:
                log.warn("couldn't find routing table %s for block %s", table_name, cidr)
                log.warn("skipping rest of %s", cidr)
                continue
            my_rt = route_tables_by_name[table_name]

            ip_set = IPSet(cidr_net)

            for s in remote_subnets:
                if IPNetwork(s.cidr_block) in cidr_net:
                    ip_set.remove(s.cidr_block)
                    if s.tags.get('Name') != block_config['name']:
                        log.info("Setting Name of %s to %s", s, block_config['name'])
                        s.add_tag('Name', block_config['name'])

                        if s.id in route_tables_by_subnet_id:
                            remote_rt = route_tables_by_subnet_id[s.id]
                        else:
                            remote_rt = route_tables_by_subnet_id[None]
                        if remote_rt != my_rt:
                            log.info(
                                "Changing routing table for %s (%s) to %s (%s)",
                                s, s.tags.get('Name'), my_rt,
                                my_rt.tags.get('Name'))
                            if raw_input("(y/N) ") == "y":
                                conn.associate_route_table(my_rt.id, s.id)
                    seen.add(s)

            # Are we missing any subnets?
            # If so, create them!
            # TODO: We want to evenly distribute the ip range over the
            # configured availability zones, without dividing smaller than a
            # /25 network (128 ips, at least 2 of which are reserved)
            # For now we'll just split them as small as /24, and then assign
            # them into the subnets
            while ip_set:
                log.info("%s - %s isn't covered by any subnets", cidr, ip_set)
                my_zones = [z for z in zones if z.name not in block_config.get('skip_azs', [])]

                remaining_cidrs = list(ip_set.iter_cidrs())
                remaining_cidrs.sort(key=lambda s: s.size, reverse=True)
                for s in remaining_cidrs[:]:
                    if s.prefixlen < 24:
                        added = list(s.subnet(24))
                        remaining_cidrs.remove(s)
                        remaining_cidrs.extend(added)
                    ip_set.remove(s)

                zg = itertools.cycle(my_zones)
                while remaining_cidrs:
                    c = remaining_cidrs.pop()
                    z = next(zg)
                    log.info("creating subnet %s in %s/%s", c, z.name, vpc_id)
                    if raw_input("(y/N) ") == "y":
                        log.debug("creating subnet")
                        s = conn.create_subnet(vpc_id, c, z.name)
                        log.debug("adding tag")
                        # TODO: sometimes the subnet isn't actually created by
                        # the time we try and add the tag, so get a 400 error
                        s.add_tag('Name', block_config['name'])
                        log.debug("associating routing")
                        conn.associate_route_table(my_rt.id, s.id)

        local_missing = set(remote_subnets) - seen
        for m in local_missing:
            log.info("%s:%s (name: %s) is unmanaged", m.id, m.cidr_block, m.tags.get('Name'))

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
class IPv4():

    def __init__(self, clear_cache = None):
        self.reserved_ip = 'reserved_ip.txt'
        self.cache_apnic = 'cache/apnic.txt'
        self.outfile_inwall = 'output/inwall.txt'
        self.outfile_outwall = 'output/outwall.txt'

        self.clear_cache = clear_cache

        self.ipset_reserved = None
        self.ipset_inwall = None
        self.ipset_outwall = None
        self.cidrs_inwall = None
        self.cidrs_outwall = None

        self.populate_reserved()


    def populate_reserved(self):
        with open(self.reserved_ip, 'r') as f:
            lines = f.readlines()

        ip_list = []
        for line in lines:
            if not line.startswith('#'):
                line = line.strip()
                if len(line) > 0:
                    ip_list.append(line)

        self.ipset_reserved = IPSet(ip_list)


    def download_table(self):
        if self.clear_cache:
            os.remove(self.cache_apnic)

        if (not os.path.exists(self.cache_apnic)) or os.path.getsize(self.cache_apnic) <= 0:
            logging.info("Start downloading APNIC stat")
            r = requests.get(APNIC_URL, stream=True)
            if r.status_code == 200:
                with open(self.cache_apnic, 'w') as f:
                    f.write(r.text)
                logging.info("Finished downloading APNIC stat")

    def parse_table(self):
        logging.info("Start parsing IP table(s)")

        with open(self.cache_apnic, 'r') as f:
            lines = f.readlines()

        ip_list = []
        for line in lines:
            if line.startswith('apnic|CN|ipv4'):
                line = line.rstrip()
                apnic, country, v4v6, prefix, count_of_addr, date, status = line.split('|')
                if v4v6 == 'ipv4' and country == 'CN':
                    decimal = 32 - binary_log(int(count_of_addr))
                    cidr_addr = prefix + '/' + str(decimal)
                    ip_list.append(cidr_addr)

        self.ipset_inwall = IPSet(ip_list)
        self.cidrs_inwall = list(self.ipset_inwall.iter_cidrs())

        logging.info("Finished parsing in-wall IP table(s). Total: %i CIDR blocks.", len(self.cidrs_inwall), )


    def derive_outwall(self):
        """
        This would not only inverse the set with the "big one", it would also exclude
        See: http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPReservedPrivateandLoopbackAddresses-3.htm
        """

        self.ipset_outwall = IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0']) ^ self.ipset_inwall ^ self.ipset_reserved
        self.cidrs_outwall = list(self.ipset_outwall.iter_cidrs())

        logging.info("Finished deriving out-wall IP table(s). Total: %i CIDR blocks.", len(self.cidrs_outwall), )


    def write_outfiles(self):
        logging.info("Writing output file: %s", self.outfile_inwall)
        with open(self.outfile_inwall, 'w') as f:
            for cidr_block in self.cidrs_inwall:
                f.write(str(cidr_block) + '\n')

        logging.info("Writing output file: %s", self.outfile_outwall)
        with open(self.outfile_outwall, 'w') as f:
            for cidr_block in self.cidrs_outwall:
                f.write(str(cidr_block) + '\n')


    def main_course(self):
        self.download_table()
        self.parse_table()
        self.derive_outwall()
        self.write_outfiles()

# 需要導入模塊: from netaddr import IPSet [as 別名]
# 或者: from netaddr.IPSet import iter_cidrs [as 別名]
def test_ipset_cidr_fracturing():
    s1 = IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])
    s1.remove('255.255.255.255')
    assert s1 == IPSet([
        '0.0.0.0/1', '128.0.0.0/2', '192.0.0.0/3',
        '224.0.0.0/4', '240.0.0.0/5', '248.0.0.0/6',
        '252.0.0.0/7', '254.0.0.0/8', '255.0.0.0/9',
        '255.128.0.0/10', '255.192.0.0/11', '255.224.0.0/12',
        '255.240.0.0/13', '255.248.0.0/14', '255.252.0.0/15',
        '255.254.0.0/16', '255.255.0.0/17', '255.255.128.0/18',
        '255.255.192.0/19', '255.255.224.0/20', '255.255.240.0/21',
        '255.255.248.0/22', '255.255.252.0/23', '255.255.254.0/24',
        '255.255.255.0/25', '255.255.255.128/26', '255.255.255.192/27',
        '255.255.255.224/28', '255.255.255.240/29', '255.255.255.248/30',
        '255.255.255.252/31', '255.255.255.254/32'])

    cidrs = s1.iter_cidrs()
    assert len(cidrs) == 32
    assert list(cidrs) == [
        IPNetwork('0.0.0.0/1'), IPNetwork('128.0.0.0/2'), IPNetwork('192.0.0.0/3'),
        IPNetwork('224.0.0.0/4'), IPNetwork('240.0.0.0/5'), IPNetwork('248.0.0.0/6'),
        IPNetwork('252.0.0.0/7'), IPNetwork('254.0.0.0/8'), IPNetwork('255.0.0.0/9'),
        IPNetwork('255.128.0.0/10'), IPNetwork('255.192.0.0/11'), IPNetwork('255.224.0.0/12'),
        IPNetwork('255.240.0.0/13'), IPNetwork('255.248.0.0/14'), IPNetwork('255.252.0.0/15'),
        IPNetwork('255.254.0.0/16'), IPNetwork('255.255.0.0/17'), IPNetwork('255.255.128.0/18'),
        IPNetwork('255.255.192.0/19'), IPNetwork('255.255.224.0/20'), IPNetwork('255.255.240.0/21'),
        IPNetwork('255.255.248.0/22'), IPNetwork('255.255.252.0/23'), IPNetwork('255.255.254.0/24'),
        IPNetwork('255.255.255.0/25'), IPNetwork('255.255.255.128/26'), IPNetwork('255.255.255.192/27'),
        IPNetwork('255.255.255.224/28'), IPNetwork('255.255.255.240/29'), IPNetwork('255.255.255.248/30'),
        IPNetwork('255.255.255.252/31'), IPNetwork('255.255.255.254/32')
    ]


    assert cidrs == cidr_exclude('0.0.0.0/0', '255.255.255.255')

    s1.remove('0.0.0.0')

    assert s1 == IPSet([
        '0.0.0.1/32', '0.0.0.2/31', '0.0.0.4/30',
        '0.0.0.8/29', '0.0.0.16/28', '0.0.0.32/27',
        '0.0.0.64/26', '0.0.0.128/25', '0.0.1.0/24',
        '0.0.2.0/23', '0.0.4.0/22', '0.0.8.0/21',
        '0.0.16.0/20', '0.0.32.0/19', '0.0.64.0/18',
        '0.0.128.0/17', '0.1.0.0/16', '0.2.0.0/15',
        '0.4.0.0/14', '0.8.0.0/13', '0.16.0.0/12',
        '0.32.0.0/11', '0.64.0.0/10', '0.128.0.0/9',
        '1.0.0.0/8', '2.0.0.0/7', '4.0.0.0/6',
        '8.0.0.0/5', '16.0.0.0/4', '32.0.0.0/3',
        '64.0.0.0/2', '128.0.0.0/2', '192.0.0.0/3',
        '224.0.0.0/4', '240.0.0.0/5', '248.0.0.0/6',
        '252.0.0.0/7', '254.0.0.0/8', '255.0.0.0/9',
        '255.128.0.0/10', '255.192.0.0/11', '255.224.0.0/12',
        '255.240.0.0/13', '255.248.0.0/14', '255.252.0.0/15',
        '255.254.0.0/16', '255.255.0.0/17', '255.255.128.0/18',
        '255.255.192.0/19', '255.255.224.0/20', '255.255.240.0/21',
        '255.255.248.0/22', '255.255.252.0/23', '255.255.254.0/24',
        '255.255.255.0/25', '255.255.255.128/26', '255.255.255.192/27',
        '255.255.255.224/28', '255.255.255.240/29', '255.255.255.248/30',
        '255.255.255.252/31', '255.255.255.254/32',
    ])

    assert len(list(s1.iter_cidrs())) == 62

    s1.add('255.255.255.255')
    s1.add('0.0.0.0')

    assert s1 == IPSet(['0.0.0.0/0'])