Golang types.NewTransaction函數代碼示例

func testGetReceipt(t *testing.T, protocol int) {
	// Define three accounts to simulate transactions with
	acc1Key, _ := crypto.HexToECDSA("8a1f9a8f95be41cd7ccb6168179afb4504aefe388d1e14474d32c45c72ce7b7a")
	acc2Key, _ := crypto.HexToECDSA("49a7b37aa6f6645917e7b807e9d1c00d4fa71f18343b0d4122a4d2df64dd6fee")
	acc1Addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(acc1Key.PublicKey)
	acc2Addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(acc2Key.PublicKey)

	// Create a chain generator with some simple transactions (blatantly stolen from @fjl/chain_makerts_test)
	generator := func(i int, block *core.BlockGen) {
		switch i {
		case 0:
			// In block 1, the test bank sends account #1 some ether.
			tx, _ := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(testBankAddress), acc1Addr, big.NewInt(10000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(testBankKey)
			block.AddTx(tx)
		case 1:
			// In block 2, the test bank sends some more ether to account #1.
			// acc1Addr passes it on to account #2.
			tx1, _ := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(testBankAddress), acc1Addr, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(testBankKey)
			tx2, _ := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(acc1Addr), acc2Addr, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(acc1Key)
			block.AddTx(tx1)
			block.AddTx(tx2)
		case 2:
			// Block 3 is empty but was mined by account #2.
			block.SetCoinbase(acc2Addr)
			block.SetExtra([]byte("yeehaw"))
		case 3:
			// Block 4 includes blocks 2 and 3 as uncle headers (with modified extra data).
			b2 := block.PrevBlock(1).Header()
			b2.Extra = []byte("foo")
			block.AddUncle(b2)
			b3 := block.PrevBlock(2).Header()
			b3.Extra = []byte("foo")
			block.AddUncle(b3)
		}
	}
	// Assemble the test environment
	pm := newTestProtocolManager(4, generator, nil)
	peer, _ := newTestPeer("peer", protocol, pm, true)
	defer peer.close()

	// Collect the hashes to request, and the response to expect
	hashes := []common.Hash{}
	for i := uint64(0); i <= pm.chainman.CurrentBlock().NumberU64(); i++ {
		for _, tx := range pm.chainman.GetBlockByNumber(i).Transactions() {
			hashes = append(hashes, tx.Hash())
		}
	}
	receipts := make([]*types.Receipt, len(hashes))
	for i, hash := range hashes {
		receipts[i] = core.GetReceipt(pm.chaindb, hash)
	}
	// Send the hash request and verify the response
	p2p.Send(peer.app, 0x0f, hashes)
	if err := p2p.ExpectMsg(peer.app, 0x10, receipts); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("receipts mismatch: %v", err)
	}
}

// makeChain creates a chain of n blocks starting at and including parent.
// the returned hash chain is ordered head->parent. In addition, every 3rd block
// contains a transaction and every 5th an uncle to allow testing correct block
// reassembly.
func makeChain(n int, seed byte, parent *types.Block) ([]common.Hash, map[common.Hash]*types.Block) {
	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(nil, parent, testdb, n, func(i int, block *core.BlockGen) {
		block.SetCoinbase(common.Address{seed})

		// If the block number is multiple of 3, send a bonus transaction to the miner
		if parent == genesis && i%3 == 0 {
			tx, err := types.NewTransaction(block.TxNonce(testAddress), common.Address{seed}, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(testKey)
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			block.AddTx(tx)
		}
		// If the block number is a multiple of 5, add a bonus uncle to the block
		if i%5 == 0 {
			block.AddUncle(&types.Header{ParentHash: block.PrevBlock(i - 1).Hash(), Number: big.NewInt(int64(i - 1))})
		}
	})
	hashes := make([]common.Hash, n+1)
	hashes[len(hashes)-1] = parent.Hash()
	blockm := make(map[common.Hash]*types.Block, n+1)
	blockm[parent.Hash()] = parent
	for i, b := range blocks {
		hashes[len(hashes)-i-2] = b.Hash()
		blockm[b.Hash()] = b
	}
	return hashes, blockm
}

// genValueTx returns a block generator that includes a single
// value-transfer transaction with n bytes of extra data in each
// block.
func genValueTx(nbytes int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
	return func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		toaddr := common.Address{}
		data := make([]byte, nbytes)
		gas := IntrinsicGas(data)
		tx, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(benchRootAddr), toaddr, big.NewInt(1), gas, nil, data).SignECDSA(benchRootKey)
		gen.AddTx(tx)
	}
}

func TestNegativeValue(t *testing.T) {
	pool, key := setupTxPool()

	tx, _ := types.NewTransaction(0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(-1), big.NewInt(100), big.NewInt(1), nil).SignECDSA(key)
	from, _ := tx.From()
	pool.currentState().AddBalance(from, big.NewInt(1))
	if err := pool.Add(tx); err != ErrNegativeValue {
		t.Error("expected", ErrNegativeValue, "got", err)
	}
}

func (self *XEth) SignTransaction(fromStr, toStr, nonceStr, valueStr, gasStr, gasPriceStr, codeStr string) (*types.Transaction, error) {
	if len(toStr) > 0 && toStr != "0x" && !isAddress(toStr) {
		return nil, errors.New("Invalid address")
	}

	var (
		from             = common.HexToAddress(fromStr)
		to               = common.HexToAddress(toStr)
		value            = common.Big(valueStr)
		gas              *big.Int
		price            *big.Int
		data             []byte
		contractCreation bool
	)

	if len(gasStr) == 0 {
		gas = DefaultGas()
	} else {
		gas = common.Big(gasStr)
	}

	if len(gasPriceStr) == 0 {
		price = self.DefaultGasPrice()
	} else {
		price = common.Big(gasPriceStr)
	}

	data = common.FromHex(codeStr)
	if len(toStr) == 0 {
		contractCreation = true
	}

	var nonce uint64
	if len(nonceStr) != 0 {
		nonce = common.Big(nonceStr).Uint64()
	} else {
		// XXX: replaced tx pool state with managed state from app
		// state := self.backend.TxPool().State()
		state := self.ManagedState()
		nonce = state.GetNonce(from)
	}
	var tx *types.Transaction
	if contractCreation {
		tx = types.NewContractCreation(nonce, value, gas, price, data)
	} else {
		tx = types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, value, gas, price, data)
	}

	signed, err := self.sign(tx, from, false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return signed, nil
}

// Tests that transactions and associated metadata can be stored and retrieved.
func TestTransactionStorage(t *testing.T) {
	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()

	tx1 := types.NewTransaction(1, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x11}), big.NewInt(111), big.NewInt(1111), big.NewInt(11111), []byte{0x11, 0x11, 0x11})
	tx2 := types.NewTransaction(2, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x22}), big.NewInt(222), big.NewInt(2222), big.NewInt(22222), []byte{0x22, 0x22, 0x22})
	tx3 := types.NewTransaction(3, common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x33}), big.NewInt(333), big.NewInt(3333), big.NewInt(33333), []byte{0x33, 0x33, 0x33})
	txs := []*types.Transaction{tx1, tx2, tx3}

	block := types.NewBlock(&types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(314)}, txs, nil, nil)

	// Check that no transactions entries are in a pristine database
	for i, tx := range txs {
		if txn, _, _, _ := GetTransaction(db, tx.Hash()); txn != nil {
			t.Fatalf("tx #%d [%x]: non existent transaction returned: %v", i, tx.Hash(), txn)
		}
	}
	// Insert all the transactions into the database, and verify contents
	if err := WriteTransactions(db, block); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to write transactions: %v", err)
	}
	for i, tx := range txs {
		if txn, hash, number, index := GetTransaction(db, tx.Hash()); txn == nil {
			t.Fatalf("tx #%d [%x]: transaction not found", i, tx.Hash())
		} else {
			if hash != block.Hash() || number != block.NumberU64() || index != uint64(i) {
				t.Fatalf("tx #%d [%x]: positional metadata mismatch: have %x/%d/%d, want %x/%v/%v", i, tx.Hash(), hash, number, index, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), i)
			}
			if tx.String() != txn.String() {
				t.Fatalf("tx #%d [%x]: transaction mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, tx.Hash(), txn, tx)
			}
		}
	}
	// Delete the transactions and check purge
	for i, tx := range txs {
		DeleteTransaction(db, tx.Hash())
		if txn, _, _, _ := GetTransaction(db, tx.Hash()); txn != nil {
			t.Fatalf("tx #%d [%x]: deleted transaction returned: %v", i, tx.Hash(), txn)
		}
	}
}

// Start Go API. Not important for this version
func (c *Contract) Subscribe(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, serviceId *big.Int, amount, price *big.Int, cb func(*Subscription)) (*types.Transaction, error) {
	from := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)

	data, err := c.abi.Pack("subscribe", serviceId)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	statedb, err := c.blockchain.State()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	transaction, err := types.NewTransaction(statedb.GetNonce(from), contractAddress, amount, big.NewInt(600000), big.NewInt(50000000000), data).SignECDSA(key)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	evId := c.abi.Events["NewSubscription"].Id()
	filter := filters.New(c.db)
	filter.SetAddresses([]common.Address{contractAddress})
	filter.SetTopics([][]common.Hash{ // TODO refactor, helper
		[]common.Hash{evId},
		[]common.Hash{from.Hash()},
		[]common.Hash{common.BigToHash(serviceId)},
	})
	filter.SetBeginBlock(0)
	filter.SetEndBlock(-1)
	filter.LogCallback = func(log *vm.Log, removed bool) {
		// TODO: do to and from validation here
		/*
			from := log.Topics[1]
			to := log.Topics[2]
		*/
		subscriptionId := common.BytesToHash(log.Data[0:31])
		nonce := common.BytesToBig(log.Data[31:])

		c.channelMu.Lock()
		defer c.channelMu.Unlock()

		channel, exist := c.subs[subscriptionId]
		if !exist {
			channel = NewSubscription(c, subscriptionId, from, serviceId, nonce)
			c.subs[subscriptionId] = channel
		}
		cb(channel)
	}

	c.filters.Add(filter, filters.PendingLogFilter)

	return transaction, nil
}

// transact executes an actual transaction invocation, first deriving any missing
// authorization fields, and then scheduling the transaction for execution.
func (c *BoundContract) transact(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, input []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
	var err error

	// Ensure a valid value field and resolve the account nonce
	value := opts.Value
	if value == nil {
		value = new(big.Int)
	}
	nonce := uint64(0)
	if opts.Nonce == nil {
		nonce, err = c.transactor.PendingAccountNonce(opts.From)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve account nonce: %v", err)
		}
	} else {
		nonce = opts.Nonce.Uint64()
	}
	// Figure out the gas allowance and gas price values
	gasPrice := opts.GasPrice
	if gasPrice == nil {
		gasPrice, err = c.transactor.SuggestGasPrice()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to suggest gas price: %v", err)
		}
	}
	gasLimit := opts.GasLimit
	if gasLimit == nil {
		gasLimit, err = c.transactor.EstimateGasLimit(opts.From, contract, value, input)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to exstimate gas needed: %v", err)
		}
	}
	// Create the transaction, sign it and schedule it for execution
	var rawTx *types.Transaction
	if contract == nil {
		rawTx = types.NewContractCreation(nonce, value, gasLimit, gasPrice, input)
	} else {
		rawTx = types.NewTransaction(nonce, c.address, value, gasLimit, gasPrice, input)
	}
	if opts.Signer == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no signer to authorize the transaction with")
	}
	signedTx, err := opts.Signer(opts.From, rawTx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := c.transactor.SendTransaction(signedTx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return signedTx, nil
}

// Claim redeems a given signature using the canonical channel. It creates an
// Ethereum transaction and submits it to the Ethereum network.
//
// Chaim returns the unsigned transaction and an error if it failed.
func (c *Contract) Claim(signer common.Address, from common.Address, serviceId *big.Int, nonce uint64, amount *big.Int, sig []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
	if len(sig) != 65 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Invalid signature. Signature requires to be 65 bytes")
	}

	subscriptionId := c.SubscriptionId(from, serviceId)
	signature := bytesToSignature(sig)

	txData, err := c.abi.Pack("claim", subscriptionId, nonce, amount, signature.v, signature.r, signature.s)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	statedb, _ := c.blockchain.State()
	gasPrice := big.NewInt(50000000000)
	gasLimit := big.NewInt(250000)
	tx := types.NewTransaction(statedb.GetNonce(signer), contractAddress, new(big.Int), gasLimit, gasPrice, txData)
	return tx, nil
}

// Transfer initiates a value transfer from an origin account to a destination
// account.
func (eapis *EtherAPIs) Transfer(from, to common.Address, amount *big.Int) (common.Hash, error) {
	// Make sure we actually own the origin account and have a valid destination
	accman := eapis.ethereum.AccountManager()
	if !accman.HasAccount(from) {
		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("unknown account: 0x%x", from.Bytes())
	}
	if to == (common.Address{}) {
		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("missing destination account")
	}
	// Serialize transaction creations to avoid nonce clashes
	eapis.txlock.Lock()
	defer eapis.txlock.Unlock()

	// Assemble and create the new transaction
	var (
		txpool   = eapis.ethereum.TxPool()
		nonce    = txpool.State().GetNonce(from)
		gasLimit = params.TxGas
		gasPrice = eapis.ethereum.GpoMinGasPrice
	)
	tx := types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, nil)

	// Sign the transaction and inject into the local pool for propagation
	signature, err := accman.Sign(accounts.Account{Address: from}, tx.SigHash().Bytes())
	if err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}
	signed, err := tx.WithSignature(signature)
	if err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}
	txpool.SetLocal(signed)
	if err := txpool.Add(signed); err != nil {
		return common.Hash{}, err
	}
	return signed.Hash(), nil
}

// genTxRing returns a block generator that sends ether in a ring
// among n accounts. This is creates n entries in the state database
// and fills the blocks with many small transactions.
func genTxRing(naccounts int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
	from := 0
	return func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		gas := CalcGasLimit(gen.PrevBlock(i - 1))
		for {
			gas.Sub(gas, params.TxGas)
			if gas.Cmp(params.TxGas) < 0 {
				break
			}
			to := (from + 1) % naccounts
			tx := types.NewTransaction(
				gen.TxNonce(ringAddrs[from]),
				ringAddrs[to],
				benchRootFunds,
				params.TxGas,
				nil,
				nil,
			)
			tx, _ = tx.SignECDSA(ringKeys[from])
			gen.AddTx(tx)
			from = to
		}
	}
}

func (tx *tx) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) (err error) {
	var fields map[string]interface{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &fields); err != nil {
		return shared.NewDecodeParamError(err.Error())
	}

	var (
		nonce            uint64
		to               common.Address
		amount           = new(big.Int).Set(common.Big0)
		gasLimit         = new(big.Int).Set(common.Big0)
		gasPrice         = new(big.Int).Set(common.Big0)
		data             []byte
		contractCreation = true
	)

	if val, found := fields["To"]; found {
		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok && len(strVal) > 0 {
			tx.To = strVal
			to = common.HexToAddress(strVal)
			contractCreation = false
		}
	}

	if val, found := fields["From"]; found {
		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok {
			tx.From = strVal
		}
	}

	if val, found := fields["Nonce"]; found {
		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok {
			tx.Nonce = strVal
			if nonce, err = strconv.ParseUint(strVal, 10, 64); err != nil {
				return shared.NewDecodeParamError(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to decode tx.Nonce - %v", err))
			}
		}
	} else {
		return shared.NewDecodeParamError("tx.Nonce not found")
	}

	var parseOk bool
	if val, found := fields["Value"]; found {
		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok {
			tx.Value = strVal
			if _, parseOk = amount.SetString(strVal, 0); !parseOk {
				return shared.NewDecodeParamError(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to decode tx.Amount - %v", err))
			}
		}
	}

	if val, found := fields["Data"]; found {
		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok {
			tx.Data = strVal
			if strings.HasPrefix(strVal, "0x") {
				data = common.Hex2Bytes(strVal[2:])
			} else {
				data = common.Hex2Bytes(strVal)
			}
		}
	}

	if val, found := fields["GasLimit"]; found {
		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok {
			tx.GasLimit = strVal
			if _, parseOk = gasLimit.SetString(strVal, 0); !parseOk {
				return shared.NewDecodeParamError(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to decode tx.GasLimit - %v", err))
			}
		}
	}

	if val, found := fields["GasPrice"]; found {
		if strVal, ok := val.(string); ok {
			tx.GasPrice = strVal
			if _, parseOk = gasPrice.SetString(strVal, 0); !parseOk {
				return shared.NewDecodeParamError(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to decode tx.GasPrice - %v", err))
			}
		}
	}

	if contractCreation {
		tx.tx = types.NewContractCreation(nonce, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, data)
	} else {
		tx.tx = types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, data)
	}

	return nil
}

func ExampleGenerateChain() {
	var (
		key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
		key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("8a1f9a8f95be41cd7ccb6168179afb4504aefe388d1e14474d32c45c72ce7b7a")
		key3, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("49a7b37aa6f6645917e7b807e9d1c00d4fa71f18343b0d4122a4d2df64dd6fee")
		addr1   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key1.PublicKey)
		addr2   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key2.PublicKey)
		addr3   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key3.PublicKey)
		db, _   = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	)

	// Ensure that key1 has some funds in the genesis block.
	genesis := GenesisBlockForTesting(db, addr1, big.NewInt(1000000))

	// This call generates a chain of 5 blocks. The function runs for
	// each block and adds different features to gen based on the
	// block index.
	chain := GenerateChain(genesis, db, 5, func(i int, gen *BlockGen) {
		switch i {
		case 0:
			// In block 1, addr1 sends addr2 some ether.
			tx, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr1), addr2, big.NewInt(10000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key1)
			gen.AddTx(tx)
		case 1:
			// In block 2, addr1 sends some more ether to addr2.
			// addr2 passes it on to addr3.
			tx1, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr1), addr2, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key1)
			tx2, _ := types.NewTransaction(gen.TxNonce(addr2), addr3, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas, nil, nil).SignECDSA(key2)
			gen.AddTx(tx1)
			gen.AddTx(tx2)
		case 2:
			// Block 3 is empty but was mined by addr3.
			gen.SetCoinbase(addr3)
			gen.SetExtra([]byte("yeehaw"))
		case 3:
			// Block 4 includes blocks 2 and 3 as uncle headers (with modified extra data).
			b2 := gen.PrevBlock(1).Header()
			b2.Extra = []byte("foo")
			gen.AddUncle(b2)
			b3 := gen.PrevBlock(2).Header()
			b3.Extra = []byte("foo")
			gen.AddUncle(b3)
		}
	})

	// Import the chain. This runs all block validation rules.
	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
	chainman.SetProcessor(NewBlockProcessor(db, db, FakePow{}, chainman, evmux))
	if i, err := chainman.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", i, err)
		return
	}

	state := chainman.State()
	fmt.Printf("last block: #%d\n", chainman.CurrentBlock().Number())
	fmt.Println("balance of addr1:", state.GetBalance(addr1))
	fmt.Println("balance of addr2:", state.GetBalance(addr2))
	fmt.Println("balance of addr3:", state.GetBalance(addr3))
	// Output:
	// last block: #5
	// balance of addr1: 989000
	// balance of addr2: 10000
	// balance of addr3: 5906250000000001000
}

// transact executes an actual transaction invocation, first deriving any missing
// authorization fields, and then scheduling the transaction for execution.
func (c *BoundContract) transact(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, input []byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
	var err error

	// Ensure a valid value field and resolve the account nonce
	value := opts.Value
	if value == nil {
		value = new(big.Int)
	}
	nonce := uint64(0)
	if opts.Nonce == nil {
		nonce, err = c.transactor.PendingAccountNonce(opts.From)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve account nonce: %v", err)
		}
	} else {
		nonce = opts.Nonce.Uint64()
	}
	// Figure out the gas allowance and gas price values
	gasPrice := opts.GasPrice
	if gasPrice == nil {
		gasPrice, err = c.transactor.SuggestGasPrice()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to suggest gas price: %v", err)
		}
	}
	gasLimit := opts.GasLimit
	if gasLimit == nil {
		// Gas estimation cannot succeed without code for method invocations
		if contract != nil && atomic.LoadUint32(&c.pendingHasCode) == 0 {
			if code, err := c.transactor.HasCode(c.address, true); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			} else if !code {
				return nil, ErrNoCode
			}
			atomic.StoreUint32(&c.pendingHasCode, 1)
		}
		// If the contract surely has code (or code is not needed), estimate the transaction
		gasLimit, err = c.transactor.EstimateGasLimit(opts.From, contract, value, input)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to exstimate gas needed: %v", err)
		}
	}
	// Create the transaction, sign it and schedule it for execution
	var rawTx *types.Transaction
	if contract == nil {
		rawTx = types.NewContractCreation(nonce, value, gasLimit, gasPrice, input)
	} else {
		rawTx = types.NewTransaction(nonce, c.address, value, gasLimit, gasPrice, input)
	}
	if opts.Signer == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no signer to authorize the transaction with")
	}
	signedTx, err := opts.Signer(opts.From, rawTx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := c.transactor.SendTransaction(signedTx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return signedTx, nil
}

func (self *XEth) Transact(fromStr, toStr, nonceStr, valueStr, gasStr, gasPriceStr, codeStr string) (string, error) {

	// this minimalistic recoding is enough (works for natspec.js)
	var jsontx = fmt.Sprintf(`{"params":[{"to":"%s","data": "%s"}]}`, toStr, codeStr)
	if !self.ConfirmTransaction(jsontx) {
		err := fmt.Errorf("Transaction not confirmed")
		return "", err
	}

	var (
		from             = common.HexToAddress(fromStr)
		to               = common.HexToAddress(toStr)
		value            = common.Big(valueStr)
		gas              *big.Int
		price            *big.Int
		data             []byte
		contractCreation bool
	)

	if len(gasStr) == 0 {
		gas = DefaultGas()
	} else {
		gas = common.Big(gasStr)
	}

	if len(gasPriceStr) == 0 {
		price = self.DefaultGasPrice()
	} else {
		price = common.Big(gasPriceStr)
	}

	data = common.FromHex(codeStr)
	if len(toStr) == 0 {
		contractCreation = true
	}

	// 2015-05-18 Is this still needed?
	// TODO if no_private_key then
	//if _, exists := p.register[args.From]; exists {
	//	p.register[args.From] = append(p.register[args.From], args)
	//} else {
	/*
		account := accounts.Get(common.FromHex(args.From))
		if account != nil {
			if account.Unlocked() {
				if !unlockAccount(account) {
					return
				}
			}

			result, _ := account.Transact(common.FromHex(args.To), common.FromHex(args.Value), common.FromHex(args.Gas), common.FromHex(args.GasPrice), common.FromHex(args.Data))
			if len(result) > 0 {
				*reply = common.ToHex(result)
			}
		} else if _, exists := p.register[args.From]; exists {
			p.register[ags.From] = append(p.register[args.From], args)
		}
	*/

	// TODO: align default values to have the same type, e.g. not depend on
	// common.Value conversions later on
	var nonce uint64
	if len(nonceStr) != 0 {
		nonce = common.Big(nonceStr).Uint64()
	} else {
		state := self.backend.TxPool().State()
		nonce = state.GetNonce(from)
	}
	var tx *types.Transaction
	if contractCreation {
		tx = types.NewContractCreation(nonce, value, gas, price, data)
	} else {
		tx = types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, value, gas, price, data)
	}

	signed, err := self.sign(tx, from, false)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	if err = self.backend.TxPool().Add(signed); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	if contractCreation {
		addr := crypto.CreateAddress(from, nonce)
		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Tx(%x) created: %x\n", tx.Hash(), addr)
	} else {
		glog.V(logger.Info).Infof("Tx(%x) to: %x\n", tx.Hash(), tx.To())
	}

	return signed.Hash().Hex(), nil
}