Java 8添加了一個用於處理日期和時間的新API(JSR 310)。
我有日期和時間字符串(例如"2014-04-08 12:30"
)。如何從給定的字符串獲取LocalDateTime
實例?
在完成LocalDateTime
對象的處理之後:如何將LocalDateTime
實例轉換回與上麵所示格式相同的字符串?
最佳解決方法
解析日期和時間
要從字符串創建LocalDateTime
對象,可以使用靜態LocalDateTime.parse()
方法。它需要一個字符串和一個DateTimeFormatter
作為參數。 DateTimeFormatter
用於指定日期/時間模式。
String str = "1986-04-08 12:30";
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(str, formatter);
格式化日期和時間
要從LocalDateTime
對象中創建格式化的字符串,可以使用format()
方法。
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(1986, Month.APRIL, 8, 12, 30);
String formattedDateTime = dateTime.format(formatter); // "1986-04-08 12:30"
請注意,在DateTimeFormatter
中有一些常用的日期/時間格式被預定義為常量。例如:使用DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME
格式化上麵的LocalDateTime
實例將產生字符串"1986-04-08T12:30:00"
。
parse()
和format()
方法適用於所有日期/時間相關的對象(例如LocalDate
或ZonedDateTime
)
次佳解決方法
如果String
位於ISO-8601 format中,也可以在String
上使用LocalDate.parse()
或LocalDateTime.parse()
,而不需要提供一個模式參數。
例如,
String strDate = "2015-08-04";
LocalDate aLD = LocalDate.parse(strDate);
System.out.println("Date: " + aLD);
String strDatewithTime = "2015-08-04T10:11:30";
LocalDateTime aLDT = LocalDateTime.parse(strDatewithTime);
System.out.println("Date with Time: " + aLDT);
輸出,
Date: 2015-08-04
Date with Time: 2015-08-04T10:11:30
並且隻有在需要處理其他日期模式時才使用DateTimeFormatter
。例如,dd MMM uuuu表示月份的日期(兩位數字),月份名稱(Jan,Feb,Mar,…)的三個字母。 ,以及4個數字格式的年份:
DateTimeFormatter dTF = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd MMM uuuu");
String anotherDate = "04 Aug 2015";
LocalDate lds = LocalDate.parse(anotherDate, dTF);
System.out.println(anotherDate + " parses to " + lds);
輸出
04 Aug 2015 parses to 2015-08-04
還要記住DateTimeFormatter
對象是雙向的;它可以解析輸入和格式化輸出。
String strDate = "2015-08-04";
LocalDate aLD = LocalDate.parse(strDate);
DateTimeFormatter dTF = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd MMM uuuu");
System.out.println(aLD + " formats as " + dTF.format(aLD));
輸出
2015-08-04 formats as 04 Aug 2015
(見完整的list of Patterns for Formatting and Parsing DateFormatter)
Symbol Meaning Presentation Examples
------ ------- ------------ -------
G era text AD; Anno Domini; A
u year year 2004; 04
y year-of-era year 2004; 04
D day-of-year number 189
M/L month-of-year number/text 7; 07; Jul; July; J
d day-of-month number 10
Q/q quarter-of-year number/text 3; 03; Q3; 3rd quarter
Y week-based-year year 1996; 96
w week-of-week-based-year number 27
W week-of-month number 4
E day-of-week text Tue; Tuesday; T
e/c localized day-of-week number/text 2; 02; Tue; Tuesday; T
F week-of-month number 3
a am-pm-of-day text PM
h clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-12) number 12
K hour-of-am-pm (0-11) number 0
k clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-24) number 0
H hour-of-day (0-23) number 0
m minute-of-hour number 30
s second-of-minute number 55
S fraction-of-second fraction 978
A milli-of-day number 1234
n nano-of-second number 987654321
N nano-of-day number 1234000000
V time-zone ID zone-id America/Los_Angeles; Z; -08:30
z time-zone name zone-name Pacific Standard Time; PST
O localized zone-offset offset-O GMT+8; GMT+08:00; UTC-08:00;
X zone-offset 'Z' for zero offset-X Z; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
x zone-offset offset-x +0000; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
Z zone-offset offset-Z +0000; -0800; -08:00;
p pad next pad modifier 1
' escape for text delimiter
'' single quote literal '
[ optional section start
] optional section end
# reserved for future use
{ reserved for future use
} reserved for future use
第三種解決方法
上麵的兩個答案很好地解釋了關於字符串模式的問題。但是,如果您正在使用ISO 8601,則無需應用DateTimeFormatter
,因為LocalDateTime已經為其準備好了:
將LocalDateTime轉換為時區ISO8601字符串
LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
ZonedDateTime zdt = ldt.atZone(ZoneOffset.UTC); //you might use a different zone
String iso8601 = zdt.toString();
從ISO8601字符串轉換回LocalDateTime
String iso8601 = "2016-02-14T18:32:04.150Z";
ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.parse(iso8601);
LocalDateTime ldt = zdt.toLocalDateTime();